The Coldest Winter: America and the Korean War
Page 91
“kill a horse”: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 738.
as so many of our top strategists: Myers, Robert, Korea in the Cross Currents, p. 79.
“Bring the boys home”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 338.
had greatly angered MacArthur: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The General and the President, p. 120.
“from his command on April 11, 1951”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, pp. 126–127.
“on behalf of the big bankers”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 45.
“pearls before swine”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 465.
“‘You stand for everything that has been wrong for America for years’”: Chute, David, The Great Fear, pp. 42–43.
“You owe it to Truman”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 547.
“that little fellow across the street”: Halberstam, David, The Best and the Brightest, p. 332; author interview with John Carter Vincent.
“a constituency of one”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 464.
“than they have seen fit to use”: McLellan, David S., Dean Acheson: The State Department Years, p. 383.
“Chiang going out”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 475.
“and hang on to our friends”: Davis, Nuell Pharr, Lawrence and Oppenheimer, p. 294.
“worldlier English prototype”: Cooke, Alistair, A Generation on Trial, pp. 107–108.
“come to the brink, like Chambers”: Halberstam, David, author interview with Murray Kempton, The Fifties, p. 13.
too many glitches in Hiss’s story: author interview with Homer Bigart, New York Times.
“and could vouch for them absolutely”: Weinstein, Allen, Perjury, p. 37.
“what I have to do”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 491.
spoiling for a fight: author interview with Lucius Battle.
Average Americans would have understood that: author interview with James Reston for The Best and the Brightest.
“a tremendous and totally unnecessary gift”: Goldman, Eric, The Crucial Decade, pp. 134–135.
“I hope they hang him”: Donovan, Robert, Tumultuous Years, p. 133.
“Traitors in the high councils”: Goldman, Eric, The Crucial Decade, pp. 134–135.
“a dead cat around his neck”: Ibid., p. 134.
CHAPTER 13
“when it came to the final responsible”: Gellman, Barton, Contending with Kennan, p. 14.
“its preservation was tremendous”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 60.
“even I don’t make her nervous”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 150.
“My voice now carried”: Kennan, George, Memoirs 1925–1950, pp. 294–295.
“a ceremonial Chinese bow and a polite giggle”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 477.
“and borders on recklessness”: Foot, Rosemary, The Wrong War, p. 39.
“than with the Secretary of Defense”: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay, A General’s Life, p. 519.
“but don’t put any figure in the report”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Man, p. 499.
“scaring me out of my shoes”: Acheson, Dean, Present at the Creation, p. 373.
at Princeton, “saved us”: Isaacson, Walter, and Thomas, Evan, The Wise Men, p. 504.
CHAPTER 14
“just mild about Harry”: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 493.
“And poor people of the United States”: Ibid., p. 320.
not one of these fancy tractors: Abels, Jules, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 182.
“clear thinking and forceful”: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay, A General’s Life, p. 444.
the pages of Sinclair Lewis: McCullough, David, Truman, pp. 324–325.
“but did not know what they were getting”: Phillips, Cabell, The Truman Presidency, p. 47.
“of democracy if it works”: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 525.
“Ajax of the Ozarks”: Abels, Jules, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 95.
“Truman, Harry Truman”: Goldman, Eric, The Crucial Decade, p. 83.
“a dead Missouri mule”: Ibid., p. 19.
“neck-and-neck race”: Manchester, William, The Glory and the Dream, p. 465.
“from rocking the boat”: Abels, Jules, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 150.
“keep this table vacant”: Ibid., pp. 12–13.
“as a Washington lawyer and national”: McFarland, Keith D., and Roll, David L., Louis Johnson and the Arming of America, p. 133.
got the Defense portfolio: Ibid., pp. 137–139.
“I’ll give ’em hell”: Donovan, Robert, Tumultuous Years, p. 16.
“with them and not at them”: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 675.
“smug, arrogant, and supercilious”: Abels, Jules, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 141.
“Brownell lamented years later”: author interview with Herbert Brownell for The Fifties.
“I thought I was”: Smith, Richard Norton, Thomas Dewey and His Times, p. 26.
“looking under beds”: Ibid., p. 507.
“obstinately laboring president”: Abels, Jules, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 180.
“let’s get on with the job”: Phillips, Cabell, The Truman Presidency, pp. 243–244.
why Truman had won: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 712.
CHAPTER 15
not augur well for the future: Life magazine, December 20, 1948.
as Omar Bradley wrote: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay, A General’s Life, p. 549.
to stay clear of him: Goulden, Joseph, Korea, p. 155; Donovan, Robert, Tumultuous Years, pp. 260–262.
“stop kicking him around”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, pp. 184–185.
“the communists in China”: Donovan, Robert, Tumultuous Years, p. 261.
“of willpower and courage”: author interview with Lieutenant General (Ret.) Ed Rowny; Toland interview with Rowny, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
might exceed battle: Ridgway, Matthew B., The Korean War, p. 36.
“great national asset”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, pp. 188–189.
“and its position in the U.N.”: Goulden, Joseph, Korea, pp. 161–162.
“worst appointment Truman ever”: McCullough, David, Truman, p. 741.
“does away with the Navy”: Heinl, Robert, Victory at High Tide, pp. 6–7.
“one mental case with another”: Bradley, Omar, with Blair, Clay, A General’s Life, p. 503.
“I can’t and he’s one of the”: Ferrell, Robert (editor), Off the Record, p. 189.
as Indigo-China: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 234; Oshinsky, David, A Conspiracy So Immense, p. 36.
to do the Lord’s work: Melby, John, The Mandate of Heaven, p. 135.
“with or without Russian aid”: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The General and the President, p. 195.
“illiterate, peasant son of a”: Kahn, E. J., The China Hands, p. 82.
“became the Government’s chief”: Tuchman, Barbara, Stilwell and the American Experience in China, p. 303.
“without money or influence”: Ibid., p. 316.
“to try and unify China”: Kahn, E. J., The China Hands, p. 184.
most likely quite ill: Melby, John, The Mandate of Heaven, p. 55.
Marshall quickly answered: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 574.
“how would I extricate them”: author interview with Walton Butterworth for The Best and the Brightest.
“of these boobs”: Melby, John, The Mandate of Heaven, p. 97.
“the largest troop movement”: Zi Zhongyun, No Exit?, p. 25.
of some 1.2 million Japanese soldiers: Ibid., p. 27.
“from disregarding my advice”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 574.
CHAPTER 16
“Uncle Chump from over the Hump”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 758.
“smell of corruption and decay”: Melby, John, The Mandate of Heaven, p. 44.
“into campaigns of mobile warfare”: Fairbank, John, and Feuerwerker, Albert, The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 13, p. 764.
the wildest of boasts: Payne, Robert, Mao, p. 227.
“of feint and deceit”: Salisbury, Harrison, The New Emperors, p. 6.
“doesn’t he generalize”: Swanberg, W. A., Luce and His Empire, p. 282.
“whether it is wise to continue to supply his troops”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 634.
“our supply officer”: Salisbury, Harrison, The New Emperors, p. 8.
“more of our equipment than the Nationalists did”: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The General and the President, pp. 214–215.
“the end is at hand”: Melby, John, The Mandate of Heaven, p. 289.
“almost a fanatical fervor”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 634.
“the Yangtze with broomsticks”: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The General and the President, p. 214.
so he canceled the dinner: Zi Zhongyun, No Exit?, pp. 101–102.
“No sir, I do not”: Koen, Ross Y., The China Lobby in American Politics, p. 90.
“greater military power than any ruler”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 673.
CHAPTER 17
“without even a gesture of assistance”: Christensen, Thomas, Useful Adversaries, p. 70.
the China they knew was dying: Herzstein, Robert, Henry Luce and the American Crusade in Asia, p. 5.
so different and so poor: Halberstam, David, The Powers That Be, pp. 57–58.
“remembered for centuries and centuries”: Swanberg, W. A., Luce and His Empire, p. 186.
“in the early 1950s in the same way”: author interview with Professor Alan Brinkley.
“on most issues, isolationists”: Ibid.
“is traceable to Chiang”: White, Theodore H., In Search of History, pp. 176–178.
“to guard against”: Ibid., pp. 205–206.
“couldn’t get a job as dog-catcher”: Kahn, E. J., The China Hands, p. 10.
“the gigantic task ahead”: Swanberg, W. A., Luce and His Empire, p. 266.
“he was too intelligent not to”: Wellington Koo oral history, Columbia University.
“I know the man”: Cray, Ed, General of the Army George C. Marshall, p. 686.
the Atlantic, the Democratic one: Rovere, Richard, and Schlesinger, Arthur M., Jr., The General and the President, p. 230.
for a changed China policy: Ibid., p. 213.
“Would you send your own sons”: Zi Zhongyun, No Exit?, p. 260.
“quite another thing to plan resultful aid”: Phillips, Cabell, The Truman Presidency, p. 286.
“The animals,” Truman said: Halberstam, David, The Fifties, p. 56.
“pouring money down a rathole”: papers of Matthew Connelly, Harry S. Truman Library.
“I’ll bet you that a billion dollars”: Lilienthal, David E., The Journals of David E. Lilienthal: Vol. II, p. 525.
“I spoke American to him”: Wellington Koo oral history, Columbia University.
such was reality: Ibid.
“Back to the mainland!”: Kahn, E. J. The China Hands, p. 247.
CHAPTER 18
able to catch their breath: Appleman, Roy, South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu, p. 289.
got to use it first: author interview with Charles Hammel.
“bleeding to death”: Fehrenbach, T. R., This Kind of War, p. 138.
“then you are asking for trouble”: Goncharov, Sergei, et al., Uncertain Partners, p. 155.
“the forgotten commander of the forgotten war”: Mike Lynch interview in the Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
“then we’ll stay here until”: Mike Lynch interview with Clay and Joan Blair, U.S. Army War College Library.
“how many reserves have you dug up”: Appleman, Roy, South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu, p. 335; author interview with Layton Tyner.
that night or the next one: author interview with George Russell.
or seven football fields: author interview with Joe Stryker; letter from Master Sergeant Harold Graham to Berry Rhoden, June 29, 1951.
“where the hell anyone else”: author interview with Erwin Ehler.
“impossible at night”: Ibid.
“Like millions of ants”: author interview with Terry McDaniel.
“we were the turkeys”: author interview with Rusty Davidson.
“to the point of being invisible”: author interview with George Russell.
to try to get his squad out of there: author interview with Berry Rhoden.
managed to keep going: letter from Master Sergeant Harold Graham to Berry Rhoden.
“Best thing I ever tasted”: Ibid.
“and you’ll be in Charley Company”: Knox, Donald, The Korean War, Vol. II, pp. 62–63; author interview with Joe Stryker.
were simply too much for him: Mike Lynch interviews in the Toland papers, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library.
“what to do to stop it”: Ibid.; Heefner, Wilson, Patton’s Bulldog, p. 220; author interview with Layton Tyner.
was now extended beyond September 4: Appleman, Roy, South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu, pp. 462–463; Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, pp. 250–251.
“began to get a very shaky feeling”: author interview with Lee Beahler.
“Yes, sir,” Fry replied instantly: author interviews with Lee Beahler and Gino Piazza.
“All right, Sergeant, carry on”: Ibid.; author interview with Charles Hammel.
“I never saw a man so cool”: Ibid.
If the engineers had not been perfectly: author interview with Jesse Haskins.
there was no way to save him: author interview with Vaughn West.
maybe you should cry: Ibid.
spoke with forked tongues: author interview with Lee Beahler.
it really was just that bad: author interview with George Russell.
“he had done everything right”: author interview with Lieutenant General (Ret.) Harold G. Moore.
the great mass of people: Paul Freeman oral history at U.S. Army War College Library.
“for his own good”: Ibid.
as if he were a member of the board: Ibid.
“do my best as a professional soldier”: letters of Paul Freeman, courtesy of Anne Sewell Freeman McLeod.
had been able to forget that moment: author interview with Berry Rhoden.
he had received the Silver Star: author interview with Jack Murphy.
it seemed like a small miracle: Ibid.
CHAPTER 19
“when he was a military genius”: Perret, Geoffrey, Old Soldiers Never Die, p. 548.
“scuddle up to the Manchurian”: Cumings, Bruce, The Origins of the Korean War, Vol. II, p. 692.
he had ever encountered: Heinl, Robert, Victory at High Tide, p. 30.
“and Inchon had all of them”: Ibid., p. 24.
“solidifying chocolate fudge”: Ibid., p. 26.
“an ideal place for mines”: Ibid., p. 27.
“Bradley is a farmer”: Ibid., p. 10.
“made aware of the details”: Ibid., p. 40.
“Barrymore and John Drew could hope”: White, William Allen, The Autobiography of William Allen White, pp. 572–573.
“I studied dramatics under him”: Lee, Clark, and Henschel, Richard, Douglas MacArthur, p. 99.
“So MacArthur went over to the senator”: Eisenhower, Dwight D., At Ease, p. 214.
“as if he hadn’t seen her for years”: Allison, John, Ambassador from the Plains, p. 168.
“If I were asked, however”: Heinl, Robert, Vict
ory at High Tide, p. 40.
“breed timidity and defeatism”: MacArthur, Douglas, Reminiscences, p. 349.
“I wouldn’t have taken that promise”: author interview with Bill McCaffrey.
“Once we start ashore”: Heinl, Robert, Victory at High Tide, p. 40.
to resist such a great personal: author conversations with Fred Ladd, 1963.
“the Navy will take you in”: Heinl, Robert, Victory at High Tide, pp. 40–42; Manchester, William, American Caesar, pp. 576–577; Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, pp. 231–232.
“Spoken like a John Wayne”: Smith, Robert, MacArthur in Korea, p. 78.
“an astonishing course of deceit”: Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War, p. 236.
“you’d best get on with your briefing”: Goulden, Joseph, Korea, pp. 209–210.
“What?” according to John Chiles: Blair, The Forgotten War, p. 229.
outside the reach of the Chiefs: author interview with Matthew B. Ridgway.
ten months younger than he was: Oliver P. Smith oral histories at Columbia University and U. S. Marine Corps History Division.
Marines and Army, in the command: Oliver P. Smith’s personal log at U.S. Marine Corps History Division.
“mercurial and flighty”: Russ, Martin, Breakout, p. 17.
airpower was another thing: Ibid., p. 208.
CHAPTER 20
his mind-set, and his personality quirks: author interview with Chen Jian.
as the most likely target: Goncharov, Sergei, et al., Uncertain Partners, p. 149.
“I have never considered retreat”: Shen Zhihua, Cold War International History Project, Winter 2003, Spring 2004.
“the stuff of legends”: Simmons, Edwin H., Over the Seawall, p. 23; author interview with Edwin H. Simmons.
while relatively few Japanese surrendered: author interview with Edwin H. Simmons.
“that read easier in newspapers”: Oliver P. Smith oral history at Columbia University.
“I’ll see that they are carried out”: Alexander, Joseph, The Battle of the Barricades, p. 19.
without confirmation from Division: author interview with Edwin H. Simmons.
“to kill a handful of green troops”: Toland, John, In Mortal Combat, p. 205.