108 “Our orders from our bosses”: Lochner, Always the Unexpected, 252.
108 “The Nazis have turned loose”: Plotkin, 194.
108 “real radicals” and rest of Messersmith analysis: Stiller, 35–36.
109 “I am a Jew”: Metcalfe, 93.
109 Edward Dahlberg and “Four suits”: Ibid., 93–94.
109 On March 31, the SA snatched and Messersmith handling of journalists and subsequent report: Stiller, 36.
109 He told Messersmith: Ibid., 43.
109 “in the hope that”: Kaltenborn, Fifty Fabulous Years, 189.
110 “a terrifying account” and “The Jews are” and Tiergarten account: Breitman, Stewart and Hochberg, Advocate for the Doomed, 28–29.
110 “highly overwrought”: Ibid., 30.
110 “To him the leaders”: Ibid., 45.
110 Separately, Knickerbocker: Ibid., 32.
110 During the Jewish boycott: Ibid., 33.
111 “In each case”: Ibid., 40.
111 “No, there is” and rest of McDonald-Goldman exchange along with account of Hitler meeting the same day: Ibid., 47–48.
CHAPTER FIVE: “GET OUT, AND FAST”
PAGE
113 Armstrong saw groups: Hamilton Fish Armstrong, Peace and Counterpeace, 527.
113 British and American correspondents and “He could hardly”: Ibid., 530.
114 “were holding on to” and “a flash in the pan” and rest of Armstrong encounters with Foreign Ministry officials: Ibid., 530–531.
114 “They had disappeared” and “It was staggering”: Ibid., 531.
114 he went to meet Hjalmar Schacht and rest of description of meeting with Schacht: Ibid., 532–533.
115 Armstrong was startled and “Why, Putzi” exchange: Ibid., 534.
115 “His general appearance” and rest of observations and quotes from Armstrong’s interview with Hitler: Ibid., 534–540.
117 A people has disappeared and other quotes from opening of book: Hamilton Fish Armstrong, Hitler’s Reich: The First Phase, 1–3.
118 “Either he is”: Ibid., 24.
118 “having given the German spirit”: Ibid., 65.
118 “The first phase of”: Ibid., 66.
119 “I regard Berlin” and other efforts to name a new ambassador to Germany: Robert Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat: The Life of William E. Dodd, 187–188.
119 “Peace Speech”: Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 291–292.
119 “The speech was” and rest of Lochner letter to Betty: “Round Robins from Berlin: Louis P. Lochner’s Letters to His Children, 1932–1941,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
120 “a democrat in the” and “separation of”: William E. Dodd, Jr., and Martha Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, xii and x.
120 “I want to know”: Ibid., 3.
120 “an almost sentimental”: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 12.
121 “The German authorities”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 5.
121 “exert all possible”: Ibid., 9.
121 “Let Hitler”: Ibid., 11.
122 “My wife, son and I”: Ibid., 11.
122 On the voyage over: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 18.
122 The Familienblatt and first meetings with journalists: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 12–13; and Fromm, 120–121.
122 “No group of”: Lilian Mowrer, 286.
122 Sitting on wooden benches: Philip Gibbs, European Journey, 237.
122 “his back beaten to pulp”: Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 218.
123 “pushed past these bullies” and Edgar’s visit to Jewish doctor: Lilian Mowrer, 289.
123 A senior press official and Mowrer’s appeals: Ibid., 296–297.
123 “to allow social and personal”: Ibid., 298.
123 “favors” and visit to concentration camp: Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 221–222.
124 “were indeed badly beaten”: “Round Robins from Berlin: Louis P. Lochner’s Letters to His Children, 1932–1941,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
124 “You know, Herr Mowrer” and rest of Mowrer-Nazi officer exchange: Lilian Mowrer, 300–301.
125 “If such intelligent”: Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 225.
125 One of Mowrer’s sources: Ibid., 218.
126 “In this country where”: Ibid., 221.
126 In July, Colonel Frank Knox: Ibid., 224.
127 “I felt at the end”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 24.
127 “a blow to freedom”: Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 224.
127 In the Mowrer household and “At this point”: Lilian Mowrer, 302.
127 “Oh, Mr. Mowrer” and other quotes and details from Goldmann incident and aftermath: Lilian Mowrer, 303–305; additional information and “people’s righteous indignation” from Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 225–226.
129 “If you were not” and “gallant fighter”: Lilian Mowrer, 308.
129 “And when are you” and rest of exchange with young German official: Edgar Mowrer, Triumph and Turmoil, 226.
CHAPTER SIX: “LIKE FOOTBALL AND CRICKET”
PAGE
130 “I do not remember” and other Dodd quotes and descriptions of her Chicago life and about marriage: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 5–41.
132 “a perfect example”: Fromm, 121.
132 “pretty, vivacious”: William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent, 1934–1941, 42.
132 “Martha had an apartment”: Katharine Smith, unpublished manuscript of “My Life: Berlin August 1935–April 1939,” Truman Smith Papers, box 4, Hoover.
132 “We liked Germany”: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 23–24.
132 “The Germans seemed”: Ibid., 25.
133 “saloon German”: Quentin Reynolds, By Quentin Reynolds, 104.
133 “No American”: Ibid., 105.
133 “I regret to say”: Ibid., 107.
133 “such legendary figures” and description of Hanfstaengl: Martha Dodd, 25–26.
133 “You’ve been here”: Reynolds, 109.
134 “we didn’t”: Martha Dodd, 27.
134 “The excitement of”: Ibid., 28.
134 “It will be” and “I could not at first tell”: Reynolds, 118–119.
135 “tragic and tortured”: Martha Dodd, 28.
135 Martha still tried: Ibid., 28–29.
135 Hudson Hawley and “Writing the story”: Reynolds, 119–120.
135 “There isn’t one” and Norman Ebbutt: Ibid., 121.
136 they dispatched officials: Martha Dodd, 32.
136 “Putzi serenaded”: Reynolds, 124.
136 “Never come”: Ibid., 125.
137 “Roosevelt must have”: “Round Robins from Berlin: Louis P. Lochner’s Letters to His Children, 1932–1941,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
137 “most agreeable”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 13.
137 “He showed no”: Ibid., 14.
137 “well-known internationalist” and “So far”: Ibid., 16.
137 “the saddest story”: Ibid., 17.
138 “are so uncontrollable”: Ibid., 44.
138 In a Columbus Day speech: Ibid., 46.
138 “It would be no sin”: Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat, 211.
138 “extraordinary applause”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 46.
138 “It is evident”: Ibid., 48.
138 “He looks somewhat better” and “The Chancellor assured me”: Ibid., 49.
139 “ranted” and rest of meeting with Hitler: Ibid., 50.
139 “Fundamentally, I believe”: Gordon A. Craig and Felix Gilbert, eds., The Diplomats: 1919–1939, 450.
139 “I walked into the park”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 53.
140 “just as I would have done” and “It was clear to me”: Ibid., 56.
140 In
early December, Sir Eric Phipps: Ibid., 63.
140 On January 1, 1934: Ibid., 67–68.
141 “I was afraid”: Ibid., 68.
141 “Der gute Dodd”: Hanfstaengl, 204.
141 “hopelessly weak”: Dallek, Democrat and Diplomat, 227.
141 “He was a modest”: Hanfstaengl, 203.
142 “Any possible concern” and rest of account and quotes from Eddy visit: Fromm, 123–124.
143 “On the bridge” and rest of Morris account: Wright Morris, Solo: An American Dreamer in Europe: 1933–1934, 161–163.
144 “to create a”: Donald B. Watt, Intelligence Is Not Enough: The Story of My First Forty Years and of the Early Years of the Experiment in International Living, 85.
144 “making friends”: Ibid., 159.
144 “From its war-like”: Ibid., 11.
144 “The suggestion of”: Ibid., 115.
144 “excess of order” and remainder of Watt quotes: Ibid., 115–117.
145 “I journeyed toward” and rest of Schuman quotes: Frederick L. Schuman, The Nazi Dictatorship: A Study in Social Pathology and the Politics of Fascism, viii–x.
146 “pathological hatreds” and “Fascism itself”: Ibid., 505.
146 “Germany wants to become” and other Abel quotes: Abel notebooks, Theodore Abel Papers, box 13, Hoover.
147 “For the Best Personal”: Theodore Abel, Why Hitler Came into Power, 3.
147 “Heroism had become”: Ibid., 27.
148 Eighteen percent: Ibid., 44.
148 “the spirit of Jewish materialism”: Ibid., 45.
148 “From that time”: Ibid., 70.
148 “Schuman concludes”: Ibid., 189.
148 He is male: Ibid., 6.
149 “frankly state their”: Ibid., 8.
149 “In presenting these facts”: Ibid., 9.
149 several American publishers rejected: Theodore Abel Papers, box 14, Hoover.
149 “Adolf Hitler has become”: Manuscript of “Nazi Racialism” dated July 9, 1933, H. R. Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
149 “Bloody Jews”: Manuscript of “Jews” dated July 26, 1933, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
150 “the supreme boss”: Manuscript of “Nazi Senate” dated July 9, 1933, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
150 “The latest Soviet method”: Manuscript of “Nazi Soviet” dated July 19, 1934, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
150 “German nudists”: Manuscript of “Nude Culture” dated May 22, 1933, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
150 “Europe is in uniform”: H. R. Knickerbocker, The Boiling Point: Will War Come in Europe?, ix.
151 “the most talked about”: “U najgłośniejszego reportera świata,” Express Poranny, November 12, 1932, Knickerbocker Papers, Columbia.
151 They pressured: Metcalfe, 1933, 126.
151 DANZIG . . . Ten million lives: Knickerbocker, The Boiling Point, 1.
151 “a tornado of”: Ibid., 4.
151 “The Poles were”: Ibid., 5.
152 “Its lesson”: Ibid., 7.
152 “The odds are”: Ibid., 240.
152 “It is the peace”: Ibid., 267.
153 “It was impossible”: Sir Philip Gibbs, European Journey, 229–230.
153 “He was the mesmerist”: Ibid., 232.
153 “Most people in” and rest of exchange with American woman: Ibid., 235–236.
CHAPTER SEVEN: DANCING WITH NAZIS
PAGE
155 “a young secretary” and rest of account of Martha Dodd’s June 30 experience: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 141–146.
156 On that morning of June 30 and accounts of Schleicher and Strasser killings: Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 309.
156 Henry Mann: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 131.
157 The primary targets and background on Hitler-Röhm tensions: Ian Kershaw, Hitler, 1889–1936: Hubris, 500–517.
157 “The SA and the SS”: Ibid., 502.
157 “Only fools”: Ibid., 504.
157 The opulent living: Ibid., 503.
157 Breaking into Röhm’s room and rest of account of Bad Wiessee raid and announcement: Ibid., 512–517.
158 “The former Chief of Staff”: Ibid., 516.
158 “in full regalia” and rest of scene with Goering: Sigrid Schultz, ed., Overseas Press Club Cookbook, 149.
158 The body of Gustav von Kahr: Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 310.
159 “There was general regret”: Fromm, 172.
159 “I hope we may” and “black with”: Martha Dodd, Through Embassy Eyes, 155.
159 At the Fourth of July party and “Lebst du noch?”: Ibid., 157–158.
160 “that the Germans”: Ibid., 162.
160 That same week and “Poor Germany”: Dodd and Dodd, eds., Ambassador Dodd’s Diary, 119.
160 In his diary entry of July 8 and “I can think of” and “My task here”: Ibid., 122–123.
161 Back in 1925 and rest of early Shirer bio: http://www.traces.org/williamshirer.html, and from William L. Shirer, Berlin Diary, 3.
161 “the worst job I’ve ever had”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 10.
161 “The Paris that”: Ibid., 4.
161 “And what a story!” and rest of June 30 diary entry: Ibid., 11.
161 “One had almost”: Ibid., 12.
162 “another young American”: William Shirer, The Traitor, 58–60.
162 “Who can be”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 13.
162 “unconditional obedience to”: Shirer, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, 314.
162 “The man is”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 13.
163 “Nobody believes that”: Fromm, 174.
163 “what would have been”: “Hitler Averted Massacre, Won Army’s Fealty” (name of newspaper missing from clipping), Aug. 4, 1934, Karl H. von Wiegand Collection, box 30, Hoover.
163 “Hitler has attained”: “Hitler Challenges Foes to Plebiscite Call; Hopes to Show Masses Back Him,” New York American, Aug. 4, 1934, Wiegand Collection, box 30, Hoover.
163 “Must brush up”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 13.
163 “Herr So-and-So” and rest of August 25 diary entry: Ibid., 14.
164 “for Röhm” and “in Germany,” and account of Thompson’s trip from Austria to Germany, including stay in Berlin: Dorothy Thompson, “Good-by to Germany,” Harper’s, Dec. 1934.
167 “In view of”: Sanders, Dorothy Thompson, 392.
167 “The general feeling”: Kurth, American Cassandra, 202–203.
167 “a little tearful”: Sanders, 198.
167 “blasphemy” and “My offense”: Kurth, 203.
168 “Germany has gone”: Ibid., 204.
168 “I miss”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 15.
168 Back in the United States: Richard Lingeman, Sinclair Lewis: Rebel from Main Street, 407.
168 “My one ambition”: Sinclair Lewis, It Can’t Happen Here, 68.
169 “There is no excuse”: Lingeman, 409.
169 “slick, debonair”: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 41.
169 “Hitlerland” and “Naziland”: Pierre J. Huss, The Foe We Face, vii and 6.
169 “You had to work”: Ibid., ix.
169 “alight” and rest of Huss account of meeting with Hitler in Obersalzberg: Ibid., 1–6.
171 “Reporting from Germany”: Lochner, Always the Unexpected, 223.
171 In a letter to William Randolph Hearst: Karl H. von Wiegand Papers, box 14, Hoover.
171 On more than one occasion, Sigrid Schultz and rest of her account: David Brown and W. Richard Bruner, eds., How I Got That Story, 75–81.
172 “Like a Roman Emperor” and rest of Nuremberg diary entries: Shirer, Berlin Diary, 16–23.
174 “His followers” and rest of Lochner’s account: “Round Robins from Berlin,” Wisconsin Magazine of History, Summer 1967.
175 There was, I must admit: Richard Helms, A Look over My Shoulder: A Life in the Central Intelligence Agency, 23.
1
75 “the city, the surroundings”: Ben Procter, William Randolph Hearst: Final Edition, 1911–1951, 185.
176 “a unanimous expression”: “Hearst Is Quoted as Hailing Nazi Vote,” New York Times, Aug. 23, 1934.
176 “Why am I” and rest of Hearst-Hitler encounter: Procter, 186–187.
177 “bragging about”: Fromm, 184.
177 “Hitler is certainly”: Procter, 187.
177 “Hitler needs a woman” and rest of Martha Dodd’s account of her meeting with Hitler: Martha Dodd, 63–65.
178 “I ostentatiously kept”: Robert H. Lochner, Ein Berliner unter dem Sternenbanner: Erinnerungen eines amerikanischen Zeitzeugen, 12.
179 “Ever afterwards”: From “What to Do if Your Moustache Falls Off,” unpublished manuscript of Angus Thuermer (courtesy of the author).
179 “Once you look” and description of Goebbels reception: Louis Lochner, What About Germany?, 120–121.
179 “extremely pleasant, handsome”: Martha Dodd, 49.
179 “blond Aryan”: Ibid., 50.
179 “most violent” and “the tall boy”: Ibid., 42.
180 “She just liked sleeping”: Katrina Vanden Heuvel, “Grand Illusions,” Vanity Fair, Sept. 1991.
180 “at least twelve” and rest of Martha’s early account of Diels: Martha Dodd, 51–56, 134–139.
180 “I was intrigued”: Ibid., 53.
180 “a pathetic”: Ibid., 134.
180 “Martha, you are” and “I was extremely”: Ibid., 136.
180 He wanted: Dodd and Dodd, eds., 65; and Martha Dodd, 138.
181 “a nervous state”: Martha Dodd, 54.
181 “a frightened rabbit”: Ibid., 135.
181 He was a tall, blond and Vinogradov at Die Taverne: Shareen Blair Brysac, Resisting Hitler: Mildred Harnack and the Red Orchestra, 155–156.
182 “they had no future” along with Mildred Harnack biographical details: Ibid., 99.
182 “It is said by”: Ibid., 113.
182 “hopefulness and achievement”: Ibid., 119.
182 “the scene of”: Ibid., 99.
182 “amazed at”: Martha Dodd, 99.
182 On May 27, 1934: Brysac, 149.
183 “He was isolated”: Martha Dodd, 84.
183 “He is not happy”: Brysac, 150.
183 “I had had enough” and rest of Martha Dodd’s account and quotes about Russia: Martha Dodd, 169–208.
184 “for the last two weeks” and Wolfe’s arrival in Berlin: A. Scott Berg, Max Perkins: Editor of Genius, 270.
Hitlerland Page 42
