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Hitlerland

Page 47

by Nagorski, Andrew


  Kriegsakademie (German War College), 246–51

  Kristallnacht, 225, 243–46, 281

  Kuibyshev, 312

  Ku Klux Klan, 41, 78, 91–92

  Large, David Clay, 191

  League of Nations, 110, 138–39, 151, 169–71

  Ledig-Rowohlt, Heinrich Maria, 182–83, 185

  Lend-Lease Act (1941), 299

  Leverich, Henry, 232–33

  Lewald, Theodor, 189–90

  Lewis, Sinclair, 6, 55–56, 61–62, 83, 86, 106, 164, 168–69

  Ley, Robert, 291

  Liebeswalzer, 48

  Life, 300

  Lincoln, Abraham, 30

  Lindbergh, Anne Morrow, 200, 202, 205–206, 309

  Lindbergh, Charles, 6, 200–207, 250, 251, 309

  Lipski, Józef, 265

  Lisbon, 321–22, 326

  Little, Richard Henry, 2

  Little Man, What Now? (Fallada), 183

  Lochner, Betty, 119, 137, 174

  Lochner, Hilde, 102, 115, 179, 315, 317–18

  Lochner, Louis, 5, 86–88, 89, 90, 95, 98, 102–3, 107, 115, 119–20, 137, 156, 158, 171, 174–75, 178, 179, 208, 215, 242, 256–57, 261, 268–69, 273, 283, 284, 285, 286–87, 288, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319

  Lochner, Robert, 178–79

  Loehr, Alexander, 268

  London, 10, 227–28, 301

  Look Homeward, Angel (Wolfe), 184

  Louis Ferdinand, Prince, 179

  Louvain, 285, 286

  Lovell, John, 298–99, 302

  Ludecke, Kurt, 11, 85–86

  Ludendorff, Erich, 22, 25, 42–43, 44, 53, 54, 104, 323

  Ludwigshafen, 17

  Lufthansa, 201, 213–15

  Luftwaffe, 158, 199, 200–207, 216, 218, 238–39, 246, 267, 274–75, 297, 302, 305

  bombing campaign by, 285–86, 301, 308

  Luther, Hans, 137, 165

  Maass, Emil, 227

  McDonald, James G., 104, 110–12, 113, 114

  MacDonald, Ramsay, 106–7

  MacLeish, Archibald, 14

  Maginot Line, 269, 272

  Mahoney, Jeremiah, 191

  Malitz, Bruno, 189

  Mann, Henry, 156–57

  Manstein, Erich von, 240

  Marshall, George C., 198, 205, 251

  Marwell, David, 214

  Marxism, 11, 21, 25, 68, 98, 107

  Mehnert, Lars, 71, 72

  Mein Kampf (Hitler), 4, 54, 85, 95, 133, 153, 226

  Messersmith, George, 93, 102, 103, 108–9, 113–14, 127, 128, 129, 138, 180–81, 190–91, 209, 235, 252–53, 325

  Meyer, Professor, 140–41

  Miller, Douglas, 238

  Moffat, Jay Pierrepont, 240, 252–53, 257

  Molotov, Vyacheslav, 260

  Mooney, James D., 283–84

  Morris, Glenn, 195–96

  Morris, Leland, 304, 312, 316, 318–19, 321

  Morris, Wright, 143–44

  Morrison, C. M., 73

  Moscow, 311–12

  Mowrer, Diana Jane, 100

  Mowrer, Edgar Ansel, 4, 6, 46–47, 49, 51, 53–54, 55, 59, 63, 70–73, 76, 91–92, 99–101, 103–4, 106, 109, 110, 122–129, 209, 230, 251, 272, 325

  Mowrer, Lilian, 47–49, 55, 56, 58, 59, 63, 70–71, 99, 103, 110, 122–23, 125, 127, 128, 129

  Muckermann, Hermann, 238–39

  Muenster, 286–87, 288

  Münchner Neueste Nachrichten, 24

  Munich, 3, 11, 20–29, 33–39, 40, 41–46, 67–70, 92, 108, 140–41, 157, 175–176, 214, 223, 225, 242–43, 326

  Munich, University of, 140–41

  Munich Agreement (1938), 235, 239–40, 253, 258

  Murphy, Robert, 23–24, 27–29, 43, 54

  Murrow, Edward R., 6, 225

  Mussolini, Benito, 21, 75, 139, 223, 236, 253

  Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 288, 311

  Nation, 125

  Naval Agreement (1935), 253

  navy, German, 204, 253, 267

  Nazi Dictatorship (Schuman), 145–49

  Nazi Games: The Olympics of 1936 (Large), 191

  Nazis, Nazi Party:

  academic research on, 145–49

  in coalition government, 75, 76–77, 89–90, 92–95, 104–6

  Communists attacked by, 11, 21, 22, 23, 24, 35, 36, 61, 68, 70, 76, 79, 90, 94, 96, 98, 105, 109, 111, 116, 117, 142, 146, 147, 168–69, 197, 210–11, 229, 231–32, 250, 293, 295

  in education, 72–73, 100

  factions in, 76–77, 90, 93–94, 155–63, 164, 166–67, 180–81, 211–12

  financial support for, 41, 91–93, 95

  flags of, 72, 99, 109–10, 134, 164, 227

  Heil Hitler greeting of, 134, 138, 153, 168, 178–79, 228, 249

  leadership of, 4, 80, 98, 108, 117–18, 153–63, 164, 166, 170–71, 208–15, 274–75, 324; see also specific leaders

  “martyrs” of, 43, 173, 242–43

  moderate wing of, 76–77, 90, 93–94, 156

  Munich as center of, 11, 23–25, 29, 41–46

  mysticism in, 146, 164–65, 167–68, 173–74, 197

  paramilitary forces of, 24, 25, 70–71, 81, 99–100, 108, 119–20; see also SA (Sturmabteilung) and SS (Schutzstaffel)

  party congresses of, 4, 172–75, 176

  political influence of, 20–29, 54–55, 64, 67–88, 90–97, 101–6, 118

  popular support for, 1–8, 15–16, 71–80, 90–91, 144–49, 164–66

  press coverage of, 24–25, 98, 102, 103–4

  propaganda of, 25, 40–41, 82–83, 90–91, 98, 102, 103–4, 107, 108, 109–112, 134

  rallies of, 71–72, 79, 90–91, 104, 113, 128–29, 190, 222, 227, 232, 233–34, 242–43, 288

  Reichstag seats of, 54, 55, 71, 75–76, 90, 94, 95, 96–97, 101–2, 105–6, 118

  salute of, 72, 109–10, 122, 138, 139–140, 145, 153, 157, 173, 178–79, 289–90

  songs of, 71, 135, 233, 242–43, 289

  student support for, 72–73, 79–80

  uniforms of, 102, 103, 115, 197, 294

  U.S. response to, 2, 3–5, 7, 8, 20–29, 32–46, 56, 60, 69, 80–81, 86, 89, 97–98, 111–12, 137–41, 210–11, 228–30, 252–55, 280–82, 289, 312–13, 316, 326–27

  violent repression by, 99, 105, 108–20, 122–29, 141–60

  see also Germany, Nazi

  Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), 260–61, 296

  Netherlands, 199, 264, 285

  Neuman, Hans, 263–65

  Neurath, Konstantin von, 123, 137, 138

  New Republic, 185

  Newsweek, 6

  New York American, 21, 68

  New York Evening Post, 40, 55, 75

  New York Herald Tribune, 200

  New York Times, 167, 176, 273, 286

  Nietzsche, Friedrich, 36

  Night of the Long Knives, 155–63, 164, 166–67, 181, 211, 212, 215

  NKVD, 217–19

  Norway, 279–80, 284–85

  Nuremberg, 4, 128–29, 134–36, 172–75, 190, 222, 223, 227, 232

  Nuremberg Trials, 239, 248

  Oberammergau, 164–65

  Oechsner, Dorothy and Fred, 276–77

  Of Time and the River (Wolfe), 184

  Olympia, 195

  Operation Barbarossa, 299–300

  Operation Sealion, 298

  Ossietzky, Carl von, 124

  Otto (German journalist), 166–67

  Owens, Jesse, 193–94

  Papen, Franz von, 76, 89, 98, 158–60

  Paris, 10, 47, 51–52, 53, 161–62, 163, 164, 167, 288, 289

  Parsons, Marselis, 234

  Pattern of Conquest (Harsch), 309

  Patzak, Valentin, 318

  Pearl Harbor attack (1941), 8, 309, 312–313

  Perkins, Max, 184

  Philadelphia Public Ledger, 40, 55, 73

  Phillips, William, 215–16

  Phipps, Eric, 140

  Pihl, Charlotte, 305

  Pihl, Paul, 305

  Pius XII, Pope, 207

  Plettl, Martin, 94

  Plotki
n, Abraham, 77–79, 90–91, 94, 108

  Poland, 6–7, 80–81, 116, 151–52, 198, 217, 246, 248, 257–74, 284, 301, 325

  Polish Army, 6–7, 267, 268

  Polish Corridor, 80–81, 267

  Portugal, 321–22, 326

  Prague, 258, 295, 325, 326

  Prenn, Daniel, 66

  Press Club, 305–6

  Propaganda Ministry, German, 109–10, 158, 262, 271, 272, 286, 293, 306, 307

  prostitution, 73, 78, 192, 273, 274

  Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, 60

  racism, 17–18, 41, 78, 91–92, 189, 193–94

  radio broadcasts, 271–72, 275, 279–80, 292–96, 305, 307–8, 319, 326

  Raeder, Erich, 2, 4

  Randolph, John, 223–24

  Randolph, Margaret, 223–24

  Rath, Anna, 135–36

  Rathenau, Walter, 61

  Raubal, Geli, 82–83

  Rauschning, Hermann, 151

  refugees, 6–7, 106–8, 110, 114, 125, 137, 227–28, 245–46, 263–65, 272, 296, 321

  Reichenau, Walther von, 287

  Reichsbank, 91, 104, 114–15

  Reichstag, 48, 50, 54–55, 63, 64, 71, 75–76, 90, 94, 95, 96–97, 101–2, 105–6, 118, 119, 137, 253, 289, 312–13, 316

  Reichstag fire (1933), 105, 106

  Reichswehr, 23, 157, 163, 179, 226

  Remarque, Erich Maria, 106, 107

  Respondek, Erwin, 238–39

  Reynolds, Quentin, 132–36

  Rheinbabin, Rochus von, 197

  Rhineland, 16–18, 199, 251–52

  Rhine River, 16, 223, 272

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 260, 265, 281–282, 284, 316

  Riddleberger, James, 233

  Riefenstahl, Leni, 195–96

  Rise and Fall of the Third Reich, The (Shirer), 7, 293, 324–25

  Robbins, Warren, 29

  Rockefeller, John D., 62

  Röhm, Ernst, 157–60, 161, 163, 164, 165

  Romania, 298–99

  Roosevelt, Franklin D., 31, 118–22, 137, 139, 142, 205, 209, 210–11, 217, 231, 236, 237, 246, 249, 251, 252, 281, 283–84, 293, 294, 298, 299, 305, 310, 313, 316, 326

  Roosevelt, Nicholas, 32

  Roosevelt, Theodore, 31

  Roosevelt, Theodore, Jr., 31

  Root, Elihu, 31

  Roper, Daniel, 120

  Rosenberg, Alfred, 25, 36, 153, 175

  Rosenman, Samuel I., 191

  Rote Kapelle (Red Orchestra), 296–98

  Rousseau, Ted, 321

  Royal Air Force (RAF), 272–73, 297, 298, 300–301

  Royal Navy, 274, 284

  Ruhr Valley, 16–18, 28, 139, 148

  Russell, William, 262–67, 268, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277–80, 325

  SA (Sturmabteilung), 24, 41, 42–43, 60, 70–71, 76, 99–100, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108–10, 113, 128, 134–36, 138, 139–40, 151, 152, 155–63, 164, 211, 238, 242–43, 264, 291–92

  Sackett, Frederic M., 66–67, 80–81, 90, 93, 95, 105, 118–19

  Sahm, Heinrich, 126

  St. Germain, Treaty of, 237

  Saint-Trond, 285–86

  Sandburg, Carl, 130–31

  San Francisco Examiner, 42

  Saturday Evening Post, 83

  Sayre, Francis B., 245

  Schacht, Hjalmar, 91, 104, 114–15, 126

  Scheubner-Richter, Max Erwin von, 25, 43, 323

  Schirmer, Hans, 293

  Schleicher, Kurt von, 76–77, 89–90, 93–95, 156, 158, 159, 166

  Schleswig-Holstein, 267

  Schmidt, Paul, 314

  Schmidt, Willi, 167

  Schröder, Kurt von, 94

  Schulenburg, Friedrich Werner von der, 66

  Schultz, Sigrid, 1–2, 3, 4, 18, 101, 158, 171–72, 231–32, 269–70, 271, 290–291, 299, 302, 303, 325

  Schultze, Walter, 43

  Schulze-Boysen, Harro, 297

  Schuman, Frederick, 145–49

  Schurman, Jacob Gould, 62–63

  Schurz, Carl, 141–42

  Schwimmer, Rosika, 60

  Sedgwick, John, 30

  Seherr-Thoss, Hermann, 231

  Seherr-Thoss, Muriel White, 231

  Service Cross of the German Eagle, 206–7

  Shanke, Ed, 315–16, 319

  Sherrill, Charles, 190, 191

  Shirer, Tess, 161, 163, 226–27

  Shirer, William, 7, 132, 161–64, 168, 171, 172–74, 192, 225–26, 241, 257–61, 265–66, 271–72, 274–77, 284, 285–88, 290, 293, 300, 301–2, 303, 308–9, 310, 324–25

  Shuster, George, 125

  Slutsky, Abram, 218

  Smith, Henry Justin, 11, 22, 29, 32–33, 35

  Smith, Howard K., 220–22, 224–25, 226, 255, 257, 303, 305, 306, 307–8, 325

  Smith, Kätchen, 15, 198–99, 201, 203–4, 247

  Smith, Katharine “Kay,” 7, 13–14, 15, 16–17, 32, 38–39, 132, 196–97, 199–200, 201, 202, 203, 216, 247, 250, 295

  Smith, Truman, 7, 13, 14–15, 38–39, 132, 196–207, 211, 215, 216, 239, 246, 250, 257, 281, 295, 325

  Sobernheim, Curt, 102–3

  Sobernheim, Lilli, 102–3

  Social Democrats, 71, 73, 76, 105, 142

  Socialist Party, 21, 27, 35, 54, 55, 64, 70, 73, 75, 122, 157

  Sonnenburg concentration camp, 123–24

  Soviet Union, 70, 121, 150, 161, 166, 207, 217–19

  economic conditions in, 183–84

  German invasion of, 66, 229, 291, 295, 297, 298–300, 309–12

  intelligence operations of, 181–84, 197, 269–98, 325–26

  Poland invaded by, 259–60, 267

  U.S. relations with, 2, 3, 7, 210–11, 325

  Sowing the Wind (Dodd), 179

  Spain, 137, 161, 213–15, 252

  Spanish Civil War, 213–15, 252

  Spengler, Oswald, 226

  SS (Schutzstaffel), 70, 76, 140, 155–60, 168, 170, 174, 178, 179, 233–34, 238, 242–43, 268–69, 315

  Stadler, Glen, 320

  Stalin, Joseph, 183, 218, 219, 252, 260, 297, 299, 310, 311–12

  State Department, U.S., 17–18, 28–29, 49–50, 128, 191, 215–16, 217, 218, 233–35, 252–53, 257, 260, 261, 304, 306, 316, 321

  Stauffenberg, Claus von, 249

  Stauss, Emil Georg von, 80

  Steinkopf, Alvin, 319

  Stern, Alfred, 325–26

  Stillwell, Joseph, 247

  Stimson, Henry L., 81

  stock market crash (1929), 63–64, 66–67, 295

  Strasser, Gregor, 76–77, 83–94, 90, 156, 324

  Strasser, Otto, 4, 82

  Stratton, Richard, 278

  Strauss, Richard, 47

  Streicher, Julius, 234

  Stresemann, Gustav, 50

  Stürmer, 234

  Sudetenland, 225, 238–40, 258, 262

  suicide, 45, 46, 82–83, 92, 212, 302, 306

  swastika (Hakenkreuzen), 25, 62, 99, 106, 134, 210, 224, 227, 294

  Switzerland, 214–15, 318

  Talbot, Phillips, 245

  Thayer, Charles, 70, 244–45

  Thompson, Dorothy, 7, 55–56, 61, 83–86, 97, 106–7, 164–68

  Thompson, Friedl, 247

  Thompson, Paul, 247

  Through Embassy Eyes (Dodd), 130, 181

  Through the Fatherland on Bicycles (Kaltenbach), 294

  Thuermer, Angus, 178, 241–44, 245, 261, 302–3, 314, 315, 320, 322

  Thyssen, Fritz, 91

  Tiergarten, 39, 47, 110, 139–40, 261

  Tilden, William “Big Bill,” 66

  Times (London), 160, 231

  Toland, John, 208, 212

  Tolischus, Otto, 273

  Town and Country, 48, 63

  Traitor, The (Shirer), 162, 293

  Trefz, Friedrich, 24–25

  Triumph of the Will, 195

  Udet, Ernst, 179, 202, 204, 205

  United Press, 18–19, 175, 221, 268, 272, 276, 303, 306

  United States:

  anti-Semitism in, 59–61, 111,
131

  British relations with, 2, 254, 274, 283, 284, 299, 310, 313

  communism in, 168–69, 207, 325

  as democracy, 69, 137, 176, 309

  Great Depression in, 118, 161

  immigration to, 69, 87, 137, 263–65

  industrial production of, 274, 299

  isolationism in, 49, 97–98, 207, 237, 251, 252–54, 294, 305, 309

  Jewish community in, 78–79, 189–91, 210

  military preparations of, 204–5, 246–51, 274, 280–81, 299

  popular culture of, 20, 50–52, 56, 65–67

  race relations in, 17, 41, 78, 91–92

  Soviet relations with, 2, 3, 7, 210–11, 325

  in World War I, 5, 11, 12, 31–32, 35, 41, 256–57

  in World War II, 4, 217, 242, 256–57, 274, 275, 280–84, 293, 299, 305, 309, 312–13, 316, 327

  Universal News Service, 132, 163

  Unter den Linden, 6, 14, 16, 243, 281

  van der Lubbe, Marinus, 105

  Versailles, Treaty of, 10, 16, 21, 80, 96, 116, 121, 138–39, 147, 176, 199, 252, 287

  Vienna, 106, 225–26

  Villard, Oswald Garrison, 125

  Vinogradov, Boris, 181–84, 217–19, 325

  Völkischer Beobachter, 41, 143, 189

  Vossische Zeitung, 65

  Wagner, Richard, 30, 40

  Wannsee Conference (1942), 7–8

  War Department, U.S., 197–98

  Washington Herald, 50

  Washington Times, 20

  Watson, Thomas, 231

  Watt, Donald B., 144–45

  Wedemeyer, Albert C., 246–51

  Wehrmacht, 239, 246–51, 261, 267–69, 287

  Weimar Republic, 1–92

  anti-Semitism in, 59–62, 78–80, 91–92

  collapse of, 3, 9–11, 91–92, 183, 323–24

  constitution of, 9, 105

  crime in, 58–59

  culture of, 1–2, 10–11, 20, 46–53, 56, 65–67, 168

  decadence of, 4–5, 10, 11, 19–20, 51–53, 58–59, 73

  economy of, 4, 9, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19, 20, 28–29, 39, 41–42, 47, 49–50, 54, 62–67, 68, 70, 71, 73–74, 77–78, 91, 96, 99–100, 105, 121, 220

  education in, 70, 72–73

  French relations with, 16–18, 28, 49–50, 74, 80

  in Great Depression, 63–67, 70, 77–78, 96, 220

  inflation rate in, 4, 9, 10, 41–42, 49, 65, 91

  Jewish community in, 61–62, 65, 66, 78–79, 91–92

  as parliamentary democracy, 9–10, 26, 68–69, 70, 308

  political situation in, 9–12, 19, 20, 23–29, 64, 73

  press coverage of, 56–57, 59

  reparations paid by, 16, 21, 28, 49–50, 63–64, 74

  unemployment rate in, 64, 68, 77–78, 99–100

  U.S. loans to, 50, 62–64, 105

  U.S. relations with, 4–5, 7, 11–16, 23, 49–50, 62–64

  Welles, Sumner, 237–38, 281–82, 283, 284

  Wendell, Otty, 319

  Westphalia, Treaty of (1648), 286–87

 

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