Jane's Fame
Page 32
47. See Jan Fergus, in Copeland and McMaster, p. 23.
48. Letters, pp. 281 and 282.
49. Austen-Leigh, Fugitive Pieces, p. 27.
50. Letters, p. 281.
51. Fairweather, p. 419.
52. ibid., p. 420.
53. Miss Mitford’s grandfather, Dr Russell, was vicar of Ashe until his death in 1783.
54. Mary Russell Mitford to Sir William Elford, 3 April 1815, L’Estrange, pp. 305–6.
55. Miss Mitford doesn’t specify who the mutual friend who visited Austen was. Her mother’s testimony about the ‘husbandhunting butterfly’ is often called into doubt because she moved away from Ashe in 1783, but as she went only ten or twelve miles away from Steventon to Alresford, which is about eight miles from Chawton, it seems likely Mrs Mitford heard almost as much of the Austens as before.
56. There is a reference in a letter of 11–12 October 1813 to naming a heroine after an acquaintance called Charlotte, the name of Sanditon’s heroine, and the month before, JA had been describing the hypochondriac Mrs Bridges in terms very redolent of Diana Parker in Sanditon (Letters, p. 231).
57. Smiles, pp. 281–3.
58. Letters, pp. 293–4.
59. ibid., p. 291.
60. ibid., p. 297.
61. ibid., p. 306.
62. ibid., p. 307.
63. ‘Plan of a Novel’, MW, p. 430.
64. CH, vol. 1, p. 56.
65. Letters, p. 302.
66. CR, vol. 4, p. 407.
67. CH, vol. 1, p. 63.
68. Letters, p. 313.
69. ibid., p. 312.
70.31 December 1815, Letters, p. 309.
71. Letters, p. 313.
72. Letters, p. 333.
73. Southam (2001), p. 86.
74. Letters, p. 166.
75. ibid., p. 333.
76. Cecil (1978), p. 183.
77. James Austen to James Edward Austen, Tucker, p. 111.
78. Berg MS 209715B, as quoted in Doody, p. 246, with textual note on p. 282.
79. It has been amended to ‘dead’ in the tidied-up version, written out later by James Austen. See Margaret Anne Doody’s discussion of this manuscript in the introduction to Catharine and Other Writings, p. xxi, also David Selwyn’s textual and explanatory notes in Collected Poems and Verse of the Austen Family.
Chapter 3: Mouldering in the Grave
1. L’Estrange, vol. 2, p. 13.
2. Gilson, M5 iii, p. 470.
3. Complete Poems, p. xi.
4. ibid., p. 87.
5. ‘To the Memory of Miss Jane Austen’, Austen-Leigh (2006), pp. 58–60.
6. Austen-Leigh (1942), p. 265.
7. Letters, p. 339.
8. 9 September 1817, Nicholson, p. 246.
9. Letters, p. 231.
10. CH, vol. 1, p. 87.
11. ibid.
12. ibid., p. 102.
13. ibid., pp. 100–101.
14. P&P, p. 414.
15. Retrospective Review, 1823, quoted in CH, vol. 1, p. 111.
16. CH, vol. 1, p. 80 and p. 83.
17. ibid., p. 267.
18. Lamb, p. 177.
19. William Hazlitt, ‘The Dandy school’, The Examiner, 18 November 1827.
20. See David Gilson, ‘Jane Austen, the aristocracy and T. H. Lister’, Report 2002, pp. 56–65.
21. Lister, vol. 1, p. 148.
22. Quoted in John Gore, ‘Pride and Prejudice and Miss Eden’, CR, vol. 1, p. 134.
23. See Mandal and Southam, p. 5.
24. See Catharine Nepomnyashchy’s essay ‘Jane Austen in Russia: Hidden Presence and Belated Boom’ in Mandal and Southam.
25. Hastings, p. 20.
26. ibid., p. 21.
27. ibid., p. 23.
28. Henry Austen to Charles Austen, 24 November 1822, Morgan Library, MA 4500.
29. ibid.
30. British Library, add. ms 41253, f. 16.
31. Austen-Leigh (1942), p. 283.
32. ibid., p. 271.
33. Gilson, ‘Jane Austen and John Murray’, p. 520.
34. Dowden et al., vol. 5, p. 2003.
35. Henry Austen to Richard Bentley, British Library, add. ms 46611, f. 311–12.
36. Anna wrote to her half-brother James Edward Austen-Leigh in a letter postmarked 8 August 1862, ‘I would give a good deal, that is as much as I could afford, for a sketch which Aunt Cassandra made of her in one of their expeditions – sitting down out of doors on a hot day, with her bonnet strings untied.’ Chapman (1948), p. 213.
37. Memoir, p. 154.
38. Sadleir, unpaginated.
39. Richard Bentley to Fanny Burney d’Arblay, 12 October 1835; Burney, vol. 12, p. 879n.
40. Macaulay, p. 694
41.14 March 1826, Scott, p. 135.
42. Clark, p. 176 and 420. It is just as well that Sarah Harriet Burney never heard Austen’s view of her own novel, Clarentine, published in 1798. ‘We are reading Clarentine, & are surprised to find how foolish it is. I remember liking it much less on a2d reading than at the 1st & it does not bear a 3d at all’, Letters, p. 120.
43. S&S, p. 298.
44. Watt, p. 3.
45. Brydges (1834), vol. 2, p. 269.
46. Letters, p. 252.
47. ibid., p. 5.
48. Record, p. 101.
49. S&S, p. 299.
50. Letters, p. 344.
51. Memoir, p. 198.
52. Record, p. 241.
53. British Library, add. ms 41253, ff. 15, 16, 17 and 19.
54. CH, vol. 1, p. 120.
55. Cassandra Elizabeth Austen to Charles Austen, 9 May 1843, MS Morgan 4500.
56. Juvenilia, p. xxv.
57. Austen (1952), p. 10.
58. Chapman (1948), p. 67.
59. Memoir, p. 184.
60. Letters, p. 93.
61. Unpublished letter in the collection of Mr Robert H. Taylor, quoted in Gilson, M66.
62. ‘Recollections of John White’, Austen (1952), p. 20.
63. ibid.
64. Proudman, p. 8.
65. Austen-Leigh (1942), p. 294.
Chapter 4: A Vexed Question
1. CH, vol. 1, p. 2.
2. ibid., p. 148.
3. Gilson, M121.
4. Austen-Leigh (1920), p. 2.
5. Queen Victoria’s diary, 7 March 1858, quoted in CH, vol.2, p. 141; CR, vol. 1, p. 120.
6. Taylor, vol. 2, p. 193.
7. Memoir, p. 186.
8. Letters, p. 44.
9. National Portrait Gallery, 20 May? 1869, and Hampshire Record Office 23M93/86/3c. Anna Lefroy made her own continuation of ‘Sanditon’, not published in her lifetime, so may have felt personally thwarted by her cousin. She also used the designation ‘By a Niece of the late Miss Austen’, for the publication of a short novel called Mary Hamilton in Watt’s Literary Souvenir, 1834.
10. Austen-Leigh (1942), p. 300.
11. ibid., p. 315.
12. Austen-Leigh (1920), p. 2.
13. Gaskell, pp. 336–7.
14. ibid., pp. 337–8.
15. MW, pp. 397–8.
16. Gaskell, p. 338.
17. CH, vol.1, p. 150.
18. ibid., p. 200.
19. ibid., p. 213.
20. ibid., p. 196.
21. Caroline Austen to James Edward Austen-Leigh, 1 April? 1869, Memoir, p. 186.
22. Trevelyan, vol. 2, pp. 379 and 466.
23. Her daughter reported watching Anna burning a manuscript, which she took to be this novel, ‘Which is the heroine?’, though a novel of that – very unusual – title was published anonymously in 1826, and could have been Anna’s.
24. Memoir, p. 162.
25. ibid., p. 166.
26. ibid., p. 8.
27. ibid., p. 184.
28. ibid., p. 221n.
29. ibid., p. 173.
30. ibid., p. 189.
31. ibid., pp. 186–7.
32. ibid., p. 186.
33. ibid., p. 188.
&nbs
p; 34. ibid., p. 158.
35. Letters, p. 144.
36. Le Faye (2000), pp. 38–9.
37. ibid.
38. Memoir, p. 158.
39. ibid., p. 10.
40. ibid., p. 132.
41. ibid., p. 73.
42. ibid., pp. 9–10.
43. ibid., p. 79.
44. CH, vol. 1, p. 64.
45. Morgan MA 3610 and Memoir, p. 23.
46. Memoir, p. 21.
47. ibid., p. 51.
48. ibid., p. 82.
49. ibid., p. 173.
50.16–17 December 1816, Letters, p. 323.
51. Memoir, p. 18.
52. ibid., p. 90.
53. Quoted in Miller, pp. 7–8. Brontë had sent him an embarrassingly confessional letter about her ambitions.
54. Memoir, p. 112.
55. ibid., p. 192.
56. CH, vol. 2, p. 163.
57. Austen-Leigh (1920), p. 64.
58. Record, p. 282.
59. Austen-Leigh (1920), p. 65.
60. Memoir, p. 43.
61. ‘Written at Winchester on Tuesday the 15th July 1817’, Selwyn, p. 17.
62. Memoir, p. 190.
63. ibid.
64. CH, vol. 2, p. 163.
65. ibid., pp. 168 and 170.
66. ibid., p. 5.
67. ibid., p. 181.
68. Morgan Library; letter included with MS of ‘Lady Susan’.
69. The artist is now thought to have been Ozias Humphry (1742–1810), whose monogram on the painting was documented in the 1980s, but which is no longer visible. For more on the intricacies of the Rice Portrait debate, see my article ‘Who’s that Girl?’, 14 April 2007, www.guardian.co.uk.
70. Anon, ‘Jane Austen and her biographers’, p. 360.
Chapter 5: Divine Jane
1. ‘Her Life’s One Romance’, Malden, p. 33.
2. Adams, preface.
3. Austen-Leigh (1920), pp. 80–81.
4. Memoir, p. 104.
5. ibid., pp. 104–5.
6. CH, vol. 2, p. 215.
7. Anon., ‘Jane Austen and her biographers’, Church Quarterly Review, p. 356.
8. Beside his £500 fee, Thomson received a royalty of 7d a copy: see Gilson, p. 267.
9. CH, vol. 2, p. 218.
10. ibid., p. 215.
11. ibid., p. 174.
12. ibid., p. 62.
13. ibid., p. 227.
14. ibid., p. 271.
15. ibid., p. 202.
16. ibid., pp. 233–4.
17. ibid., p. 65.
18. CR, vol. 1, p. 111.
19. Bussby, no page numbers.
20. Carrington, p. 545.
21. Rhydderch, p. 240.
22. Emerson, p. 336.
23. CH, vol. 2, p. 232.
24. Twain, p. 262.
25. ibid., p. 266.
26. Following the Equator, ch. 62, quoted in CH, vol. 2, p. 232.
27. Twain, p. 280.
28. CH, vol. 2, p. 232.
29. ibid., p. 233.
30. Watt, pp. 10–11.
31. CH, vol. 2, p. 179.
32. James, p. 168.
33. ibid.
34. CH, vol. 2, p. 189.
35. ibid., p. 195.
36. ibid., p. 218.
37. ibid., p. 39.
38. ibid., p. 77.
39. ibid., p. 39.
40. Showalter, p. 41.
41. CH, vol. 2, p. 10.
42. Edlmann, pp. 343–50.
43. Hill, p. 53.
44. Mandal and Southam, p. 5.
45. Halperin, p. 284.
46. ibid., pp. 289–90.
47. ibid., p. 307.
48.6 April 1897, quoted in the notes to Claudia Johnson’s essay ‘The Divine Miss Jane’, in Lynch.
49. Translated by René Varin, CR, vol. 1, p. 143.
50. Originally a D. Litt. thesis, Sorbonne, Paris, 1915.
51. Austen-Leigh (1920), p. 96.
52. CH, vol. 2, p. 79.
53. Fussell, p. 162.
54. CR, vol. 4, p. 267.
55. Lane, TLS, 6 August 1954.
56. Chapman (1920), pp. 22–3.
57. ibid., preface and p. 24.
58. These notes are in Chapman’s ‘Jane Austen Files’ in the Bodleian Library, Oxford.
59. See Martin Jarrett-Kerr, letter to TLS, 3 February 1984, p. 111.
60. Kipling, p. 335.
61. ibid., p. 337.
62. ibid, p. 348.
63. ibid, p. 340.
64. CR, vol.1, p. 299.
65. Bien, p. 43.
66. Hampshire Record Office, 71M82/PW2/1, Constance Hill to Mrs Robert Mills, 20 May? 1918.
67. Hill, p. vi.
68. Daily Telegraph, 19 July 1917.
69. ibid.
70. Emma, p. 391.
71. Daily Telegraph, 19 July 1917.
72. Cecil (1978), p. 23.
73. CH, vol. 2, p. 31.
74. CR, vol. 1, p. 141.
75. Chapman (1950), p. 11.
76. ibid.
77. It may also be worth recording here that the Cambridge classical scholar A. W. Verrall had considered just such an edition of Austen in the 1880s, but never made one.
78. Lane, TLS, 6 August 1954.
79. I can only guess that there was some sort of pre-existing agreement for her to do this book.
80. Chapman (1953), p. 6.
81. Morgan Library, MS 1034, item 3.
82. Juvenilia, p. xlviii.
83. TLS, 15 June 1922, quoted in Juvenilia, p. l.
84. CR, vol. 1, p. 171.
85. Gilson, ‘Jane Austen’s Texts’, p. 62.
86. ‘Jane Austen: Poetry and anti-Poetry’, Howard, p. 295.
87. See Juvenilia, p. xxxvii.
88. Chapman (1953), p. 44.
89. Chapman (1932), vol. 1, p. xi.
Chapter 6: Canon and Canonisation
1. CH, vol. 2, p. 190.
2. ibid., p. 193.
3. Gilson, M84, p. 486.
4. Daily Telegraph, 18 July 1917.
5. James, p. 167.
6. CH, vol. 2, p. 290.
7. ibid., p. 174.
8. Raleigh, p. 471.
9. James, p. 168.
10. Macaulay, p. 694.
11. CH, vol. 2, pp. 287–8.
12. ibid., p. 301.
13. Chapman (1953), p. 46.
14. CH, vol. 2, p. 97.
15. Woolf, p. 169.
16. Watt, p. 9.
17. Forster, p. 145.
18. ibid., pp. 154–5.
19. Lascelles (1961), p. 368.
20. National Portrait Gallery, RWC to Henry Hake, 26 October 1932.
21. ibid.
22. ibid., J. H. Hubback to Henry Hake, 13 October 1932.
23. Her cousin William Austen-Leigh, co-author of Jane Austen: Her Life and Letters: A Family Record, lived at ‘Hartfield’ in Roehampton.
24. National Portrait Gallery, RWC to Henry Hake, 26 October 1932.
25. ibid., 22 April 1948. The writer Patrick O’Connor owns another copy of the same silhouette, obviously of nineteenth-century manufacture. It seems possible that they are both remnants of a small-issue souvenir.
26. Chapman (1948), p. 214.
27. CR, vol. 2, p. 174.
28. Letters, pp. 42 and 77.
29. ibid., p. 24.
30. Dunaway, p. 128.
31. Huxley, p. 447.
32. Dunaway, pp. 138 and 154.
33. Linklater, p. 122.
34. Churchill, pp. 376–7, 20 December 1943.
35. CH, vol. 2, p. 196.
36. Viveash, p. 338.
37. Neagle, p. 146.
38. ibid., p. 148.
39. CR, vol. 1, p. 112.
40. ibid., p. 18.
41. ibid., p. ix.
42. ibid., vol. 2, p. 174.
43. He contributed to PMLA in 1930 and published an article on JA’s early reading public in Review of English Studies.
44.
CR, vol. 2, p. 214.
45. ibid., vol. 1, p. 108.
46. Lascelles (1939), p.v.
47. Leavis (1948), p. 17.
48. Tribune, 28 May 1948.
49. Auden, pp. 83–4.
50. Gorer, pp. 203–4.
51. Watt, p. 170.
52. ibid., p. 167.
53. CH, vol. 2, p. 288.
54. Leavis (1968), vol. 2, p. 73.
55. ibid., p. 1.
56. Watt, p. 118.
57. ibid., p. 119.
58. Cecil (1948), p. 99.
59. Cecil (1978), pp. 10–11.
60. ibid., p. 13.
61. ibid., p. 8.
62. CR, vol. 4, p. 285.
63. ‘Jane and All That’, Coleman, p. 247.
64. CR, vol. 5, p. 205.
65. ibid., vol. 4, p. 170.
66. ibid.
67. Terry Eagleton, ‘Irony and commitment’, Stand, vol. xx, no. 3 (1978).
68. Gilbert and Gubar, pp. 154–5.
69. Johnson, p. xiv.
70. Poovey, p. 237.
71. Todd (2005), p. 105.
72. Watt, p. 136.
73. Castle, p. 130.
74. ‘Austen Cults and Cultures’, Copeland and McMaster, p. 223.
75. ibid., p. 213.
76. Lodge, p. 34.
77. Per Serritslev Petersen (ed.), On the First Sentence of Pride and Prejudice: A Critical Discussion of the Theory and Practice of Literary Interpretation (1979).
Chapter 7: Jane Austen™
1. CH, vol. 1, p. 225.
2. Charnes, p. 2.
3. CR, vol. 5, p. 105.
4. Cecil (1948), p. 121.
5. CR, vol. 1, p. 214.
6. CH, vol. 2, p. 41.
7. Included in E. C. Bentley’s Biography for Beginners (London, 1905), no page numbers.
8. Emma, p. 468.
9. Mansfield, vol. 4, p. 339.
10. Michiko Kakutani, ‘New Romance novels are just what their readers ordered’, New York Times, 11 August 1980, C13.
11. CH, vol. 2, p. 277.
12. George Sampson in The Bookman, quoted in CH, vol. 2, p. 101.
13. Raleigh, p. 471.
14. CH, vol. 2, p. 240.
15. In Watt, p. 92.
16. Emma, p. 352.
17. P&P, p. 277.
18. Sleeve notes, Bridget Jones’s Diary DVD, Miramax, 2001.
19. New York Times, 23 February 2004.
20. Quoted by Zoe Williams in her article ‘Keep Jane Plain’, Guardian Weekend, 27 May 2006.
21. Quoted in Garber, pp. 206–7.
22. Rosie Millard, ‘Sex and sensibility work wonders, dear Jane’, Sunday Times, 30 December 2007.
23. Carol McDaid interviewing Colin Firth, Independent, 9 June 2000.
24. Letter to Cassandra Austen, 8–11 April 1805, Letters, p. 99.
25. Denise Winterman, ‘Jane Austen: Why the Fuss?’ http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/magazine/6426195.stm.