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Occidentalism

Page 13

by Ian Buruma


  Arabs shedding Muslim blood

  on collective morality

  death cult in

  on idolatry

  Manichaeism rejected by

  martyrs

  modernizing without becoming clone of the West

  nativists versus Westernizers in

  religious Occidentalism

  separation of church and state and

  Sharia law

  United States demonized in

  urbanism in

  veil for women

  Wahhabism

  West as not at war against

  Israel

  Japan

  Edo

  emperor cult of

  gangster films of 1950s

  Germany as constitutional model for

  idolatry in

  imperialism of

  kamikazes

  Kyoto

  Meiji period

  modernity opposed in

  nativists versus Westernizers in

  as now target of Occidentalism

  State Shinto

  Tokyo

  Westernization of

  Jerusalem

  Jessup, Henry Harris

  Jews

  anti-Semitism as reaction to French Revolution

  on Babylon

  cities associated with

  German

  history in religion of

  and idolatry

  Japanese anti-Semitism

  Muslims blame for World Trade Center attack

  Muslims declare holy war against

  Orthodox

  Qutb’s anti-Semitism

  at Royal Exchange

  Taleqani on

  Jünger, Ernst

  Jünger, Friedrich Georg

  Kabul

  kamikazes

  Khmer Rouge

  Kireyevsky, Ivan

  Kireyevsky, Peter

  Kohn, Hans

  Koljevic, Nikola

  Körner, Karl Theodor

  Kyoto

  Lebanon

  Leontiev, Konstantin

  liberalism

  German

  Leontiev on

  Nazi attack on

  as not heroic

  organismic view of society contrasted with

  protecting

  seen as dithering

  See also economic liberalism

  London

  Manchester

  Manichaeism

  Mao Zedong

  Marx, Karl

  on commodity fetishism

  on country and city

  as German Jew

  on Jewish capitalists

  on secularization

  Marxism

  of kamikazes

  modernity opposed by

  Occidentalists making use of

  Shari’ati on

  as Western export

  materialism

  attributed to America

  attributed to Jews

  attributed to the West

  as idolatry

  Iqbal on

  Manichaeism on

  Western women and

  Maududi, Abu-l-A’la

  merchants. See trade

  Middle East

  Egypt

  Iran

  Iraq

  Israel

  Lebanon

  Saudi Arabia

  Syria

  Turkey

  modernity

  Iranian modernization

  Japanese nationalist opposition to

  Japanese Westernization

  modernizing without becoming clone of the West

  Turkish modernization

  Moeller van den Bruck, Arthur

  money

  morality

  collective

  Moscow

  Motahhari, Morteza

  Muslim Brotherhood

  Napoleon

  Nasrallah, Sheikh Hasan

  Nazism

  Arabs taking as model

  on Berlin

  Führerprinzip

  Hitler

  Japanese borrowing from

  on Jews and Weimar constitution

  objects of hate of

  Riefenstahl films

  vicarious heroism in

  on will

  New York City

  as Babylon

  as capital of American empire

  Jews associated with

  Qutb on

  World Trade Center

  Nietzsche, Friedrich

  nihilism

  Nishitani Keiji

  North Korea

  Occidentalism

  anti-Americanism distinguished from

  clearly defined boundaries lacking for

  defined

  European origin of

  links and overlaps in

  on mind of the West

  myth of sinful city

  religious

  seeds of

  state socialism’s failure in

  urban intellectuals’ fears in

  valid elements in

  violence and

  West seen as unheroic

  Onishi Takijiro

  Pahlavi, Mohammad Reza

  Pahlavi, Reza Shah

  Pakistan

  Palestinians

  pan-Arabism

  pan-Germanism

  Paris

  Phnom Penh

  Pisarev, Dmitri

  Plotinus

  Pol Pot

  progress

  Protestantism

  Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph

  prudence

  Pudong (China)

  Puritanism

  Pyongyang

  Qutb, Sayyid

  rationalism

  Dostoyevsky on

  French

  Herder on

  implementation of

  in Jewish emancipation

  Kireyevsky on

  Maoism opposing

  Nazi attack on

  and religion

  Romantics on

  and secularization

  of Voltaire

  reasonableness

  Reformation

  religion

  extremism in Occidentalism

  rationalism and

  religious Occidentalism

  retreat from public sphere

  secularization

  separation of church and state

  in solution to Occidentalism

  on soullessness of cities

  State Shinto

  See also Christianity; Islam; Jews

  Romantics

  distaste for aspects of Western culture

  in France and Britain

  on intuitive thought

  Japanese Romantic Group

  nostalgia of

  on rationalism

  See also German Romanticism

  Rome

  Royal Exchange

  RSS

  Russia

  borrowings from the West

  conversion to Christianity

  German Romanticism’s influence on

  liberalism in

  moral seriousness in

  nativists versus Westernizers in

  nihilism

  Occidentalism associated with

  philosophy and literature as political substitute in

  political reforms of 1860s

  purism in thought of

  Russian soul

  Russo-Japanese War

  Slavophiles

  Russian Orthodox Church

  al-Sahar, Abdul Hamid Jowdat

  Sarajevo

  Sasaki Hachiro

  Saudi Arabia

  Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm

  science

  Atatürk on

  Chernyshevsky on

  freedom of inquiry in

  Japanese adoption of

  Japanese nationalist opposition to

  and secularization

  seen as sole source of knowledge

  transmission to colonial subjects

  scientism
<
br />   secularization

  secular law

  self-sacrifice

  average people made to feel heroic through

  German rhetoric of

  kamikazes

  See also suicide

  separation of church and state

  sexuality

  body seen as corrupt

  distaste for sexual license

  Islamic concern with

  sexual license in Babylon

  See also female sexuality

  Shanghai

  Sharia law

  Shari’ati, Ali

  Shinto, State

  Slavophiles

  socialism

  Ba’athism as

  of Herzl

  as rival of revolutionary Islam

  Shari’ati on Islam and

  state socialism

  Vergès on social democracy

  See also Marxism

  Sombart, Werner

  Stalin, Joseph

  suicide

  by Assassins

  Japanese ritual

  kamikazes

  suicide bombings

  Syria

  Taleqani, Sayyid Muhamud

  Taliban

  technology

  Islamic revolutionaries using

  Japanese development of Western

  Leontiev rejecting modern

  Russians claiming all inventions

  and secularization

  West seen as good only for developing

  Tocqueville, Alexis de

  Tokyo. See also Edo

  Tolstoy, Leo

  trade

  Herder on

  and ideals of French Revolution

  and image of metropolis as whore

  in Japan

  local traditions affected by

  merchants seen as lacking ideals

  Voltaire on

  Trotsky, Leon

  Tsumura Hideo

  Turgenev, Ivan

  Turkey

  United States

  Americanism

  “civilizing mission” of

  envy and resented aroused by

  Hitler on

  imperialism of

  as machine civilization

  Muslim demonization of

  Protestantism in

  religion in

  rootlessness and cosmopolitanism attributed to

  Tocqueville on

  See also New York City

  Unity of God (tawhid)

  veil, the

  Vergès, Jacques

  Voltaire

  Wagner, Richard

  Wahhabism

  Weimar Republic

  West, the anti-Americanism in hostility toward

  antiutopian nature of

  Chinese borrowing of ideas from

  colonialism associated with

  envy and resented aroused by

  idiot savant compared with

  idolatry attributed to

  Israel as symbol of

  Japanese Westernization

  Kireyevsky on

  Leontiev on

  as less than human

  loathing of

  as machine civilization

  materialism attributed to

  mind of

  modernity associated with

  nativists versus Westernizers

  Nazi Germany’s attack on

  protecting idea of

  rural idyll’s loss blamed on

  Russian borrowings from

  as secular

  sexual immorality associated with

  slums as consequence of Westernization

  softness attributed to

  Turkish modernization

  Western ideas transmitted to colonial subjects

  “Westoxification

  women

  in Atatürk’s Turkey

  in Pahlavi Iran

  under Taliban

  veil

  See also female sexuality

  Woodsmall, Ruth

  World Trade Center

  [ABOUT THE AUTHORS]

  Ian Buruma is currently Luce Professor at Bard College. His previous books include God’s Dust, Behind the Mask, The Missionary and the Libertine, Playing the Game, The Wages of Guilt, Anglomania, and Bad Elements.

  Avishai Margalit is Schulman Professor of Philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. His previous books include Idolatry, The Decent Society, Views and Reviews, and The Ethics of Memory.

  a It should be noted here that modernist European architecture added to this image. Le Corbusier called some of his housing projects “machines for living in.” He also compared the efficient state to an industrial enterprise. Such ideas and designs were exported to many parts of the non-Western world, where they were implemented in gimcrack fashion.

  b The late Chinese strongman Deng Xiaoping’s phrase for such noxious ideas as free speech and liberal democracy.

 

 

 


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