The Last Man in Russia
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character 9, 23, 40, 42, 53, 55, 87, 108, 120, 122, 178, 180, 182–4, 198, 252
at Cherkizovo church (post-recantation) 206
as a dissident/nationalist 42, 43, 45–7, 83–4, 87–91, 101–2, 124–9, 131–3, 134, 217–25
on drinking/alcoholism 84, 85, 86, 88, 197–8, 215, 253–5
family 14, 21, 22–4, 32–4, 40, 42, 57, 98, 106, 111, 179, 180; see also individual family members
Grebnevo, exile in 104–6, 111, 113, 115–16, 120–22, 125, 128, 133–4, 204
In the Light of the Transfiguration (self-published newsletter) 121–2, 124–9, 132–3, 218; post-recantation 182–7, 192
influence see reputation/influence
Jews, attitude to 88–9, 91, 96–7, 129, 132, 133, 135, 219; as anti-Semitic (post-recantation) 194, 195–7, 200–201, 207, 208, 210–11, 219
Kabanovo, exile in 92, 96–8, 109–10; dismissal from his church 100–102
K G B and 108, 109, 111, 130–34, 217–25; post-recantation 185, 196–7, 208–9, 217; see also arrest (II) above and politicization of below
in Moscow 72; at St Nicholas Church 83, 84–91, 101; exiled from, by church authorities (1974) 90–91, 109; see also Grebnevo and Kabanovo above
official criticism of 90–91, 101, 103, 114–15, 122–6
Alexander Ogorodinikov and 83–4, 85, 91, 105, 128, 133–5, 225
papers/publications 9, 87–8, 122, 175, 182, 198–9; journalism 208, 209, 210; memoirs 31–2, 36, 46, 64; notebooks 85, 102; poetry 42, 46–7, 64–5, 114, 122, 141; see also In the Light of . . . above
as a priest 32, 36, 46, 86, 89–90, 96–9, 100–102, 103, 109, 110, 120, 126–7, 135, 171, 176, 194, 195, 198–200, his discussion sessions 83–4, 85, 87–80, 120, 194, 199, 205, 206; training at Zagorsk 37, 38–41; see also religious beliefs below
his recantation see arrest (II) above
religious belief 21, 23, 32, 33, 40, 55, 86–7, 96–7, 105, 115, 182–7, 193–6; see also as a priest above
reputation/influence 9, 11, 84–5, 88–91, 97, 101–2, 105, 108, 109, 127–8, 132–3; post-recantation 179–200, 202, 205–6, 217–25, 251–5; in the West 87–8; see also Western media . . . below
Russian Orthodox Church’s action against 90–91, 98, 100–102, 109, 198, 206; see also Grebnevo and Kabanovo above
Vladimir Sedov and 104–11, 116, 119–20, 133, 134, 251, 252; on his arrest/recantation 116, 119, 126, 173, 178
Alexander Semyonov and 251, 252; on his arrest/recantation 180–81, 202
The Times, letter to (1980) 135
at Vinogradovo church (post-recantation) 198, 202–4, 206
Western media reports on 100–101, 102, 110, 114, 115, 134–5, 136, 174, 179
in World War II 28, 31; as a soldier 31–2
Gleb Yakunin and 218–19, 224–5
death/burial 9, 251–2
drinking/alcoholism 1–5, 6, 10, 26, 47, 92–6, 127, 163–7, 207
alcohol duty 92–3, 95, 207
beer 92, 86
cost of, to the state 95
as a disease 5, 7, 88, 93, 95, 215–16
Father Dmitry on 84, 85, 86, 88, 197–8, 215, 253–5
effects of 93, 215–16
expenditure on 92, 93
Gorbachev’s anti-alcohol policies 206–7, 216
illegal alcohol 4–5
vodka 2, 3–4, 7, 92, 95
volume consumed 4, 5, 7, 167, 216; reductions in 206–7, 246
by women 2, 4–5, 167, 216
drugs 170
K G B use of 119, 127
Dudko, Dmitry see Dmitry, Father
Dudko, Maria (daughter of Vladimir Dudko) 32–3
Dudko, Mikhail (son of Father Dmitry) 179, 184–5, 186, 225
as a priest 251
Dudko, Natalya (daughter of Father Dmitry) 184–5
Dudko, Nina (wife of Father Dmitry) 111, 134, 177, 179, 184–5, 195
death 206
Dudko, Vladimir (brother of Father Dmitry) 32–4, 42
Dzerzhinsky, Felix 137–8
East Germany 112
see also Germany
economic conditions 6, 21–2, 33, 37, 95, 210, 215
inflation 209
in northern Russia 49
education 33, 56, 76, 77
literacy levels 77
in Russian history 239–40
university (tertiary) 79, 80; V G I K film school 80–81
English language 168–9
Ephraim, Archimandrite (Greek Orthodox Church) 235–6
Estonia 246
ethnic tensions 96–7, 129, 131, 132
see also Jews
European Union (E U), membership of 246
Evangelical church 130–31
see also religion
famine 17, 22, 24, 25–6, 27–8, 38, 50
see also starvation
Fedotov, Georgy 116, 119, 124, 225
Figes, Orlando 42
Filaret, Metropolitan (K G B codename A N T O N O V) 222
film see cinema/film
fishing 162, 163, 164
Fonchenkov, Vasily (K G B codename F R I E N D) 125, 126
food prices 33, 38
food supplies see agriculture; famine
For Human Rights (Russian pressure group) 217–18
F S B (security service) 239
see also K G B
Gagarin, Yuri 6, 76
Galya (women in Berezino) 14–15, 17–21
gambling 238
genetics 60, 118
German occupation of Russia (1941–5) 15, 51, 114, 122, 123
Jews, execution of 29–30
peasant class during 28–31
propaganda distribution 30, 122, 123–4
see also World War II
Germangenovich Shpinkov, Vasily 24–31
Germany 4, 5, 24, 66, 94
see also East Germany; West Germany
Ginzburg, Alexander 130, 171
Gorbachev, Mikhail 7, 75, 93–4, 206, 216
anti-alcohol policies 206–7, 216
Gorbanevskaya, Natalya 73, 171–2
Grebnevo (village), Father Dmitry in exile in 104–6, 111, 113, 115–16, 120–22, 125, 128, 133–4, 204
Greece, Mount Athos 235
Grigorenko, General Pyotr, K G B psychiatric assessment/treatment of 117
Grigorenko, Zinaida (wife of Pyotr Grigorenko) 117
gulag (labour) camps 9, 26, 42, 49, 51–2, 62–3, 66, 67, 71, 145, 152, 171
administration 49, 50
closure of, under Khrushchev 74
criminals in 54, 65
deaths in see numbers of prisoners below
Father Dmitry as prisoner in see Inta gulag camp
as economically self-supporting 49–50, 242
graveyards at 66, 67, 69–70, 161, 164, 165
hospitals in 59, 60, 64, 67–8
hunger strikes 242–3
informers in 54, 65
living conditions 49, 50, 54, 55, 58, 59–61, 62–3, 152–3, 154, 159–62, 241–2, 247–8; starvation 49, 152
numbers of prisoners 42, 49, 57; deaths among 50–51, 58, 152, 154, 160, 161, 209
political prisoners 42, 54, 240–44
prison guards 244, 247–8
religion in 56, 242, 243
Alexander Solzhenitsyn on 50, 51, 75
women prisoners 160–61
young people in 152
see also individual camps
healthcare 100, 246
Helsinki Agreement (1975) 112–13
Helsinki Groups (of dissidents) 112–13, 125–6, 130, 131, 135, 139
Hitler, Adolf 59, 208
Holy Fools (Yurodivie), in Russian history 234
human rights 112, 129, 130, 171, 174, 217–18, 219
see also dissidents
Hungary 6, 138, 139
illegal immigrants 203
incomes see wages
informers 42–3, 45–6, 100, 126, 139, 181
in gulag camps 54, 65, 242
priests as 222–4<
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Inta gulag camp/town 48, 50, 51, 53–8, 62, 64–6, 147, 151–4, 155, 156, 168, 169
Father Dmitry as prisoner in 43, 44, 45–7, 48, 53–8, 62, 64–6, 141; release 72, 83
Inta Museum 56–7, 61–2
internet/electronic media 229, 230, 232
Ioann, Metropolitan of St Petersburg 224
Islam see Muslims
Israel, Jewish emigration to 89, 130, 131, 220
Italy 5
Ivanovna, Yevgeniya 149–50, 151
Izvestia 101, 103, 104
Father Dmitry’s article on his recantation 174–6
Jews 30–31, 87, 88–9, 113, 130, 139, 168, 193
anti-Semitism: Father Dmitry’s see Father Dmitry’s attitude to below; in Russian Orthodox Church 221, 224
as dissidents 89, 129, 130, 139
Father Dmitry’s attitude to 88–9, 91, 96–7, 129, 132, 133, 135; as anti-Semitic (post-recantation) 194, 195–7, 200–201, 207, 208, 210–11, 219
during German occupation of Russia 30–31; execution of 29–30
Israel, emigration to 89, 130, 131, 220
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 208, 224
under Stalin 30, 60
in U S 129
young people as 89, 130
Juodiš, General Jonas (Lithuanian) 69
Kabanovo (village), Father Dmitry in exile in 92, 96–8, 109–10
dismissal from his church 100–102
Kadiyev, Rolian 135
Kadyrov, Ramzan 230
Kalikh, Alexander 239–40
Karsavin, Lev 59, 60, 67, 70
Kazashchina (village) 24
Kerouac, Jack 77
Keston College (U K) 174
K G B (security service) 7, 30, 42, 51, 80, 86, 112, 137–41, 152, 223
Andropov as head of 7, 112, 138–9, 140, 177
dissidents: action against 100, 104, 113, 116, 126, 127–8, 129, 130–33, 139–40, 172, 207, 217–25; interrogation of 139; psychiatric assessment/treatment of 116–19, 127
Father Dmitry and 108, 109, 111, 130–34, 217–25; arrest/interrogation at Lubyanka 133–4, 136, 140–41; imprisonment in Lefortovo 134, 141, 172, 181; post-recantation 185, 196–7, 208–9, 217–25
drugs, use of 119, 127
Fifth Directorate 100, 126
Lefortovo K G B prison and Lubyanka K G B headquarters see Father Dmitry above
priests as informers for 222–4
Russian Orthodox Church and 42, 222–5
Khodorkovsky, Mikhail 210
Khrushchev, Nikita 6, 45, 75, 117
churches, closure of 82, 84
gulag camps, closure of 74
opposition to 75
his Secret Speech (1956) 74–5
Stalin, criticism of 74–5, 82, 86
Kirill, Patriarch 232, 234, 235
Kissinger, Henry 112
Komi Republic 47, 56, 150, 151, 154, 203
see also Inta gulag camp
Komsomol see Young Communist League
Komsomolskaya Pravda (youth newspaper) 78
Kovalyov, Sergei 247, 248
Krasin, Viktor 139–40
kulaks (middle-class peasants) 27
Kulygina, Yevgeniya Ivanovna 61–2
Kurguzov, Vladimir 247–8
Kuroyedev, Vladimir 101
labour camps see gulag
labour market 6, 33, 93, 203, 209, 238–9
women workers 33
Lakota, Bishop Hryhorii (Ukrainian Uniate Church) 70
Landa, Malva 135
Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 26, 27, 92
on religion 44
Lenin Library, Moscow 30, 122–3, 124–5
Lepeshinskaya, Marina 179
Levada, Centre, Russia 10–11
Levitin-Krasnov, Anatoly 85
libel 232
Liberal Democratic Party (Russia) 107
life expectancy 5, 6–7, 93–4, 99, 165, 206, 246
of women 5
see also population crisis
literacy levels 77
see also education
Literary Gazette 114–15, 122–6, 219
Lithuania 58, 59, 65, 69
living conditions/standards 6, 14, 16, 21–4, 25–8, 33, 34, 72, 85, 93, 145–6, 148, 205, 230
in gulag camps 49, 50, 54, 55, 58, 59–61, 62–3, 152–3, 154, 159–62, 241–2, 247–8
see also famine; starvation
Lysenko, Trofim 60, 118
Marchenko, Anatoly 104
death 241
Marxism 26, 76, 85–6, 118
atheism as 82, 85, 86
Maximov, Vladimir 197
Mayakovsky, Vladimir, statue of (Moscow) 170
Medvedev, Dmitry 229
Medvedev, Roy (twin brother of Zhores Medvedev) 118, 119
Medvedev, Zhores 118, 119, 171
Memorial (Russian charity) 240
Men, Father Alexander 85, 220–21
murder of 221, 234
Merzlikin, Alexander 68–9, 70, 141, 157–9, 161–4, 165–8
Merzlikin, Natasha (Auntie) (wife of Alexander Merzlikin) 158, 163, 166–7
Mikhail, Father (of Inta) 155–6
Mitrokhin, Vasili 45
Mochulsky, Fyodor 159–60, 162–3
Morozov, Pavlik 40
Moscow 36, 43, 47, 170, 203
in 2011–12 elections 229, 230–32, 238, 246–7
Bolotnaya Square protests (2011) 230, 238
Botanic Gardens 205
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour 232–3
Father Dmitry in 72; at St Nicholas Church 83, 84–91, 101
Friday Cemetery 251, 252
Olympic Games (1980) 125–6
population levels 203
Sretenka monastery 204–5
Transfiguration Square church 83, 84
mosquitoes 58, 59, 60, 61, 68, 69, 70–71, 97, 141, 167
music 81
Muslims 92, 93, 135, 210, 211
see also religion
Navalny, Alexei 232
New Way (Nazi-sponsored newspapers) 122, 123
New York Times 115, 135, 175
N K V D (security service) see K G B
nuclear technology 76, 240
Ogorodnikov, Alexander 72, 75–84, 131
character 77, 80
as a dissident 72, 76, 79, 82–3, 91, 140, 219
Father Dmitry and 83–4, 85, 91, 105, 128, 133–5, 225
conversion to Christianity 81–2, 83, 87
official criticism of 114
trial/imprisonment 128, 140, 200, 220; hunger strikes 128; release (1987) 207
at university 79, 80, 82–3
as a young communist 77–9, 80, 81
O G P U (security service) see K G B
oil drilling 167
Oleynikov, Anatoly 45
Olympic Games, Moscow (1980) 135–6
Oreshkin, Dmitry 231–2
Orlov, Yuri 112, 130, 131
K G B interrogation of 139
Orwell, George: Nineteen Eighty-Four 196, 198–9
Ostrovsky, Nikolai: How the Steel was Forged 77
Ottawa Citizen 135
Pasolini, Pierre Paolo: The Gospel According to St Matthew (film) 81
Pasternak, Boris: Dr Zhivago 7, 170
peasant class/serfdom 16–17, 24, 25, 26
in German occupation 28–31
kulaks (middle-class) 27
under Stalin 25–8
pensions see state pensions
Perm triangle (of gulag camps) 237, 238–49
detention centre/museum 239–40, 245–6
Perm-35, 36 and 37 political
prisoner camps 240–44
Pilorama (annual festival) 241, 246–9
prison guards 244, 245–6
Special regime camp 244–5
Petrovsky, Vladimir 205–6, 207, 208–9, 211
Petrovykh, Vasily 46
Pimen, Patriarch 45
Father Dmitry’s letter of apology to 177
Pitirim, Metropolitan (K G B
codename A B B A T) 222
the Pioneers (youth group) 77, 78
Plyushch, Leonid 74–5, 118–19
Podrabinek, Alexander (brother of Kirill Podrabinek) 61, 176
Podrabinek, Kirill (husband of Tanya Podrabinek) 176–7
on Father Dmitry 177–8
Podrabinek, Tanya 61, 62, 66, 67, 70, 141, 176
Poland 28, 45, 59, 151, 152, 208
police 241
corruption in 75, 237–8
O M O N riot police 245
political issues 67, 73, 75, 93–4, 206–7, 209, 210, 211, 216
election fraud (2011–12) 229–30, 246–7
see also Brezhnev, Leonid; dissidents; Khrushchev, Nikita; Putin, Vladimir; state control
political prisoners 42, 54
in Perm gulag camps 240–44
Polubesova, Elmira 238–9
pop music 169, 170, 171, 249
Pussy Riot 232–3, 234
popular culture see Western culture
population crisis 5–7, 10, 11, 165, 189, 206–7, 216, 236, 246
birth/death rates 5, 6–7, 16, 21, 33, 94–5, 145–6, 154, 165, 206, 209, 216
death, causes of 5, 93, 94; of children 16–17, 22, 95, 99–100; hunger 27–8; violence 5, 17, 94, 99
depopulation 5, 18, 24, 48–9, 58, 64, 156, 189, 203, 216, 241
life expectancy 5, 6–7, 93–4, 99, 165, 206, 246; of women 5
pensioners, number of 189
population levels 5, 12, 24, 49, 56, 203, 216
in Moscow 203
Potanin, Vladimir 210
Powers, Gary 6
prices 33, 55–6
propaganda
German, during occupation of Russia 30, 122, 123–4
Soviet 41–2, 101, 114–15; Father Dmitry’s recantation as 176, 177
Western 81
protest see dissidents
The Protocols of the Elders of Zion 208, 224
see also Jews
psychiatric assessment/treatment of dissidents, by K G B 116–19, 127
public opinion/polls 10–11, 229–30
publishing, as state controlled 7, 114
see also Russian literature; samizdat
Punin, Nikolai (husband of Anna Akhmatova) 60–61, 70
Two Years in Abez 168
Pussy Riot 232–3, 234
Putin, Vladimir 51, 204, 216, 228–33
opposition to 229
as prime minister 229
re-election as president (2012) 229–30
Russian Orthodox Church and 232, 235–6
his United Russia party 229–30, 238
railway travel 4–5, 35, 37–8, 48, 49, 51, 66, 67, 77, 92, 96, 141–2, 146, 154, 156–8
accidents 127
Trans-Siberian railway 236–7
Regelson, Lev 101–2, 105
religion 8, 15, 23, 29, 81–2, 87, 117–18
atheism 82, 85, 86, 88, 90, 96–7
the Bible 242, 243
Catholicism 210