60.F. B. Rogers, R. J. Maloney, “Gaston Ramon: 1886–1963,” Archives of Environmental Health, 7(6) (1963), 723–5.
61.“Our History” Pasteur.fr/en. Institut Pasteur. Web. February 15, 2018.
62.Ibid.
63.J. D. Bredin, The Affair: The Case of Alfred Dreyfus (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1986).
64.“Our History” Pasteur.fr/en. Institut Pasteur. Web. February 15, 2018.
65.“Biographical Sketch: Gaston Ramon (1886–1963).” Pasteur.fr/en. Institut Pasteur. Web. February 15, 2018.
66.P. Bonanni, J. I. Santos, “Vaccine evolution,” Perspectives in Vaccinology 1(1) (2011) 1–24.
67.“Biographical Sketch: Gaston Ramon (1886–1963).” Pasteur.fr/en. Institut Pasteur. Web. February 15, 2018.
68.G. Ramon, “Sur la toxine et sur l’anatoxine diphtheriques,” Annals of the Institut Pasteur 38(1) (1924) 13.
69.C. Oakley, “Alexander Thomas Glenny. 1882–1965,” Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 12 (1966) 163–180.
70.H. J. Parish, A History of Immunization, (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 1965).
71.M. M. Levine, R. Lagos, “Vaccines and vaccination in historical perspective,” New Generation Vaccines, 2 (1990) 1–11.
72.J. M. Keith, Bacterial Protein Toxins Used in Vaccines, Vaccine design: Innovative Approaches and Novel Strategies. (Norfolk, UK: Caister Academic Press, 2011), 109–137.
73.D. Baxby. “The discovery of diphtheria toxoid and the primary and secondary immune response,” Epidemiology and Infection 133(S1) (2005) S21–2.
74.H. J. Parish, A History of Immunization, (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace, 1965).
75.S. L. Plotkin, S. A. Plotkin, “A short history of vaccination,” Vaccines 5 (2004) 1–16.
76.K. A. Ungermann, The Race to Nome (New York: Harper & Row, 1963).
77.G. L. Armstrong, L. A. Conn, R. W. Pinner, “Trends in infectious disease mortality in the United States during the 20th century,” Journal of the American Medical Association 281(1) (1999) 61–66.
78.“Prevention,” Diphtheria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Web. February 15, 2018.
79.P. Descombey, “L’anatoxine tétanique,” Comptes Rendus de l’Academie des Sciences 91 (1924) 239–241.
80.S. A. Waksman, S. A. Waksman, The Brilliant and Tragic life of WMW Haffkine, Bacteriologist, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964).
81.W. Rosen, Justinian’s Flea: Plague, Empire, and the Birth of Europe (New York: Viking, 2007).
82.S. Schama, A History of Britain, (London: BBC Worldwide, 2000).
83.C. A. Benedict, Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 1996).
84.D. G. Atwill, The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwest China, 1856–1873, (Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2005).
85.G.-F. Treille, A. Yersin, “La peste bubonique à Hong Kong,” VIIIe Congrès international d’hygiène et de démographie, 1894, 310–311.
86.N. Howard-Jones, “Was Shibasaburo Kitasato the co-discoverer of the plague bacillus?” Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 16(2) (1973) 292–307.
87.I. J. Catanach, Plague and the tensions of empire: India, 1896–1918, Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies (Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1988).
88.S. A. Waksman, The Brilliant and Tragic life of WMW Haffkine, Bacteriologist, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964).
89.Ibid.
90.Ibid.
91.B. J. Hawgood, “Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India,” Journal of Medical Biography 15(1) (2007) 9–19.
92.E. Hankin, “Remarks on Haffkine’s Method of Protective Inoculation Against Cholera,” British Medical Journal 2(1654) (1892) 569.
93.E. Chernin, “Ross defends Haffkine: the aftermath of the vaccine-associated Mulkowal Disaster of 1902,” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 46(2) (1991) 201.
94.S. A. Waksman, The Brilliant and Tragic life of WMW Haffkine, Bacteriologist, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964).
95.R. Ross, “The Inoculation Accident at Mulkowal,” Nature 75 (1907) 486–487.
96.E. Chernin, “Ross defends Haffkine: the aftermath of the vaccine-associated Mulkowal Disaster of 1902,” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 46(2) (1991) 201.
97.B. J. Hawgood, “Waldemar Mordecai Haffkine, CIE (1860–1930): prophylactic vaccination against cholera and bubonic plague in British India,” Journal of Medical Biography 15(1) (2007) 9–19.
98.S. A. Waksman, The Brilliant and Tragic life of WMW Haffkine, Bacteriologist, (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1964).
99.G. H. Bornside, “Waldemar Haffkine’s cholera vaccines and the Ferran-Haffkine priority dispute,” Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 37(4) (1982) 399.
Chapter 8: Breathing Easier
1.C. Oakley, “Jules Jean Baptiste Vincent Bordet. 1870–1961,” Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 8 (1962) 19–25.
2.N. Guiso, “Bordetella pertussis and pertussis vaccines.” Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(10) (2009), 1565–9.
3.The Cambridge World History of Human Disease, ed. K.F. Kiple (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1993).
4.A. Aslanabadi, K. Ghabili, K. Shad, M. Khalili, M. M. Sajadi, “Emergence of whooping cough: notes from three early epidemics in Persia,” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 15(12) (2015) 1480–1484.
5.J. D. Cherry, “The present and future control of pertussis,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 51(6) (2010) 663–667.
6.J. D. Cherry, “The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions,” Current Epidemiology Reports 2(2) (2015) 120–130.
7.A. Aslanabadi, K. Ghabili, K. Shad, M. Khalili, M. M. Sajadi, “Emergence of whooping cough: notes from three early epidemics in Persia,” The Lancet Infectious Diseases 15(12) (2015) 1480–1484.
8.N. Guiso, “Bordetella pertussis and pertussis vaccines,” Clinical Infectious Diseases 49(10) (2009) 1565–1569.
9.Ibid.
10.J. Freeman, “Vaccine Therapy: its Treatment, Value, and Limitations,” Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine (1910) 97–101.
11.J. Zahorsky, “Pertussis Vaccine,” Interstate Medical Journal 19 (1909) 844.
12.L. W. Sauer, “Immunization with bacillus pertussis vaccine,” Journal of the American Medical Association 101(19) (1933) 1449–1453.
13.J. D. Cherry, “The History of Pertussis (Whooping Cough); 1906–2015: Facts, Myths, and Misconceptions,” Current Epidemiology Reports 2(2) (2015) 120–130.
14.C. G. Shapiro-Shapin, “‘A whole community working together’: Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Grand Rapids pertussi trials, 1932–1939,” The Michigan Historical Review (2007) 59–85.
15.C. G. Shapiro-Shapin, “Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Pertussis Vaccine,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16(8) (2010) 1273–8.
16.Ibid.
17.C. G. Shapiro-Shapin, “‘A whole community working together’: Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Grand Rapids pertussi trials, 1932–1939,” The Michigan Historical Review (2007) 59–85.
18.Ibid.
19.C. G. Shapiro-Shapin, “Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Pertussis Vaccine,” Emerging Infectious Diseases, 16(8) (2010) 1273–8.
20.C. G. Shapiro-Shapin, “‘A whole community working together’: Pearl Kendrick, Grace Eldering, and the Grand Rapids pertussi trials, 1932-1939,” The Michigan Historical Review (2007) 59–85.
21.C. L. Oakley, “Alexander Thomas Glenny. 1882–1965,” Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 12 (1966) 163–180.
22.P. Marrack, A. S. McKee, M. W. Munks, “Towards an understanding of the adjuvant action of aluminium,” Nature Reviews Immunology 9(4) (2009) 287–293.
23.P. L. Kendrick,
“A field study of alum-precipitated combined pertussis vaccine and diphtheria toxoid for active immunization,” American Journal of Epidemiology 38(2) (1943) 193–202.
24.M. Kulenkampff, J. Schwartzman, J. Wilson, “Neurological complications of pertussis inoculation,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 49(1) (1974) 46–49.
25.J. Berg, “Neurological complications of pertussis immunization,” British Medical Journal 2(5087) (1958) 24.
26.M. Kulenkampff, J. Schwartzman, J. Wilson, “Neurological complications of pertussis inoculation,” Archives of Disease in Childhood 49(1) (1974) 46–49.
27.G. R. Noble, R. H. Bernier, E. C. Esber, M. C. Hardegree, A. R. Hinman, D. Klein, A. J. Saah, “Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan: report of a visit by US scientists,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 257(10) (1987) 1351–1356.
28.J. P. Baker, “The pertussis vaccine controversy in Great Britain, 1974–1986,” Vaccine 21(25) (2003) 4003–4010.
29.“DPT: Vaccine Roulette”, WRC-TV, Washington, D.C. ed. L. Thompson April 19, 1982. Television.
30.S. Mnookin, “The whole cell pertussis vaccine, media malpractice, and the long-term effects of avoiding difficult conversations.” The Panic Virus, September 13, 2012. http://blogs.plos.org/thepanicvirus/2012/09/13/the-whole-cell-pertussis-vaccine-media-malpractice-and-the-long-term-effects-of-avoiding-difficult-conversations/
31.S. Mnookin, The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011).
32.S. Mnookin, “The whole cell pertussis vaccine, media malpractice, and the long -term effects of avoiding difficult conversations.” The Panic Virus, September 13, 2012. http://blogs.plos.org/thepanicvirus/2012/09/13/the-whole-cell-pertussis-vaccine-media-malpractice-and-the-long-term-effects-of-avoiding-difficult-conversations/
33.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
34.S. Mnookin, The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear, (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011).
35.H. L. Coulter, Divided Legacy: the Conflict Between Homeopathy and the American Medical Association: Science and Ethics in American Medicine 1800–1910 (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1982).
36.S. Mnookin, The Panic Virus: A True Story of Medicine, Science, and Fear (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2011).
37.H. L. Coulter, B.L. Fisher, DPT: A Shot in the Dark (London: Penguin, 1985).
38.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Control, Prevention, National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act: requirements for permanent vaccination records and for reporting of selected events after vaccination,” Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 37(13) (1988) 197–200.
39.H. V. Fineberg, C. J. Howe, C. P. Howson, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines, (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1991).
40.G. S. Golden, “Pertussis vaccine and injury to the brain,” Journal of Pediatrics 116(6) (1990) 854–61.
41.J. D. Cherry, “‘Pertussis vaccine encephalopathy’: it is time to recognize it as the myth that it is,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 263(12) (1990) 1679–1680.
42.D. L. Miller, R. Alderslade, E. M. Ross, “Whooping cough and whooping cough vaccine: the risks and benefits debate,” Epidemiology Reviews, 4 (1982), 1–24.
43.H. V. Fineberg, C. J. Howe, C. P. Howson, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines, (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1991).
44.N. Madge, J. Diamond, D. Miller, E. Ross, C. McManus, J. Wadsworth, W. Yule, The National Childhood Encephalopathy Study: A 10-year follow-up (London: Mac Keith Press, 1993).
45.H. V. Fineberg, C. J. Howe, C. P. Howson, Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines, (Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press, 1991).
46.G. Stewart, “Effect of penicillin on Bacillus proteus,” The Lancet 246(6379) (1945) 705–707.
47.R. Bud, Penicillin: Triumph and Tragedy, (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2007).
48.G. T. Stewart, “Limitations of the germ theory,” The Lancet 291(7551) (1968) 1077–1081.
49.E. Papadopulos-Eleopulos, V. F. Turner, J. M. Papadimitriou, G. Stewart, D. Causer, “HIV antibodies: Further questions and a plea for clarification,” Current Medical Research and Opinion 13(10) (1997) 627–634.
50.G. T. Stewart, “The epidemiology and transmission of AIDS: a hypothesis linking behavioural and biological determinants to time, person and place,” Genetica 95(1–3) (1995) 173–193.
51.J. Fenton, “Shame on the professional Aids doubters,” The Independent (London), April 11, 1993. Web. February 16, 2018.
52.C. L. Decoteau, Ancestors and antiretrovirals: the biopolitics of HIV/AIDS in post-apartheid South Africa (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013).
53.G. T. Stewart, “The Durban Declaration is not accepted by all,” Nature 407(6802) (2000) 286–286.
54.P. Chigwedere, G. R. Seage, 3rd, S. Gruskin, T. H. Lee, M. Essex, “Estimating the lost benefits of antiretroviral drug use in South Africa,” Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes (1999) 49(4) (2008) 410–5.
55.G. Stewart, “Toxicity of pertussis vaccine: frequency and probability of reactions,” Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 33(2) (1979) 150–156.
56.“DPT: Vaccine Roulette”, WRC-TV, Washington, D.C. Ed. L. Thompson April 19, 1982. Television.
57.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
58.Ibid.
59.Ibid.
60.G. T. Stewart, “The law tries to decide whether whooping cough vaccine causes brain damage: Professor Gordon Stewart gives evidence,” British Medical Journal, 293(6540) (1986) 203.
61.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
62.G. S. Golden, “Pertussis vaccine and injury to the brain,” Journal of Pediatrics 116(6) (1990) 854–61.
63.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
64.J. P. Baker, “The pertussis vaccine controversy in Great Britain, 1974–1986,” Vaccine 21(25) (2003) 4003–4010.
65.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
66.C. Dyer, “Judge “not satisfied” that whooping cough vaccine causes permanent brain damage,” British Medical Journal 296(6630) (1988) 1189.
67.C. Bowie, “Lessons from the pertussis vaccine court trial,” The Lancet 335(8686) (1990) 397–399.
68.P. A. Offit, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, (New York: Basic Books, 2015).
69.V. E. Schwartz, L. Mahshigian, “National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986: an ad hoc remedy or a window for the future,” Ohio State Law Journal, 48 (1987) 387.
70.Y. Sato, K. Izumiya, H. Sato, J. Cowell, C. Manclark, “Role of antibody to leukocytosis-promoting factor hemagglutinin and to filamentous hemagglutinin in immunity to pertussis,” Infection and Immunity 31(3) (1981) 1223–1231.
71.Y. Sato, M. Kimura, H. Fukumi, “Development of a pertussis component vaccine in Japan,” The Lancet 323(8369) (1984) 122–126.
72.G. R. Noble, R. H. Bernier, E. C. Esber, M. C. Hardegree, A. R. Hinman, D. Klein, A. J. Saah, “Acellular and whole-cell pertussis vaccines in Japan: report of a visit by US scientists,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 257(10) (1987) 1351–1356.
73.A. Schaffer, “Why Are Babies Dying of Old-Fashioned Whooping Cough?” Slate, September 5, 2012. Web. February 16, 2018.
74.M. Falco, “10 infants dead in California whooping cough outbreak.” CNN, October 20, 2010. Web. February 16, 2018.
75.M. Chan, L. Ma, D. Sidelinger, L. Bethel, J. Yen, A. Inveiss, M. Sawyer, K. Waters-Montijo, J. Johnson, L. Hicks, “The California pertussis epidemic 2010: a review of 986 pediatric case reports from San Diego county,” Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseas
es Society 1(1) (2012) 47–54.
76.M. McKenna, “Why Whooping Cough Vaccines Are Wearing Off.” Scientific American, October 2, 2013. Web. February 16, 2018.
77.M. Park, “Where vaccine doubt persists.” CNN, October 20, 2010. Web. February 16, 2018.
78.Ibid.
Chapter 9: Three Little Letters
1.M. M. Zarshenas, A. Mehdizadeh, A. Zargaran, A. Mohagheghzadeh, “Rhazes (865–925 A.D.),” Journal of Neurology 259(5) (2012) 1001–1002.
2.M. Meyerhof, “Thirty-three clinical observations by Rhazes (circa 900 A.D.),” Isis 23(2) (1935) 321–372.
3.M. M. Zarshenas, A. Mehdizadeh, A. Zargaran, A. Mohagheghzadeh, “Rhazes (865–925 A.D.),” Journal of Neurology 259(5) (2012) 1001–1002.
4.Y. Furuse, A. Suzuki, H. Oshitani, “Origin of measles virus: divergence from rinderpest virus between the 11th and 12th centuries,” Virology Journal 7(1) (2010) 52.
5.M. Thrusfield, Veterinary Epidemiology, (Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell, 2013).
6.M. Jacoby, “The fifth plague of Egypt,” Journal of the American Medical Association, 249(20) (1983) 2779–2780.
7.M. Greger, “Their Bugs Are Worse than Their Bite: Emerging Infectious Disease and the Human-Animal Interface,” The State of Animals 2007 Ed. D. J. Salem, A. N. Rowan. (2007), p111–27. (Washington, D.C: Humane Society Press, 2007).
8.F. Fenner, D. Henderson, I. Arita, Z. Jezek, I. Ladnyi, The history of smallpox and its spread around the world. OMS Suiza (1988) 209–43.
9.N. D. Cook, Born to Die: Disease and New World Conquest, 1492–1650 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1998).
10.P. L. Panum, J. J. Petersen, Observations Made During the Epidemic of Measles on the Faroe Islands in the Year 1816 (Washington, D.C.: American Public Health Association, 1940).
11.S. T. Shulman, D. L. Shulman, R. H. Sims, “The tragic 1824 journey of the Hawaiian King and queen to London: history of measles in Hawaii,” The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 28(8) (2009) 728–733.
12.A. D. Cliff, P. Haggett, The Spread of Measles in Fiji and the Pacific (Canberra, Australia: Australian National University, 1985).
13.O. Steichen, S. Dautheville, “Koplik spots in early measles,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(5) (2009) 583.
Between Hope and Fear Page 41
