Pandemic 1918
Page 28
51. Ibid., p. 228.
52. Malcolm Brown, Imperial War Museum Book of 1918, London: Sidgwick & Jackson, in association with the Imperial War Museum in association with Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 1998, p. 246.
53. Virginia Woolf, Diary, Vol. 1, 1915–19, 2 July 1918.
54. Lady Cynthia Asquith, Diaries 1915–1918, London: Hutchinson, 1968.
55. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 28.
56. Brown, Imperial War Museum Book of 1918, pp. 171–2.
57. Richard van Emden and Steve Humphries, All Quiet on the Home Front: An Oral History of Life in Britain during the First World War, London: Hodder Headline, 2004, p. 284.
58. Honigsbaum, op. cit., p. 64.
59. Andrea Tanner, ‘The Spanish Lady Comes to London: The Influenza Pandemic 1918–1919’, London Journal 27 (2), 2002, p. 54; http://www.tandfonline.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/doi/abs/10.1179/ldn.2002.27.2.51.
60. Johnson, op. cit., p. 46.
Chapter Six: Know Thy Enemy
1. Sandra M. Tomkins, ‘The Failure of Expertise: Public Health Policy in Britain during the 1918–19 Influenza Epidemic’, Social History of Medicine 5 (3) (1992), pp. 435–54. DOI: https://doi-org.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/10.1093/shm/5.3.435.
2. Ibid.
3. Mark Honigsbaum, Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 2009, p. 57.
4. Obituary Notice, Walter Morley Fletcher (1873–1933), The Biochemical Journal 27 (5) (1933), pp. 1333–6.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Maisie Fletcher, The Bright Countenance: A Personal Biography of Walter Morley Fletcher, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1957, p. 129.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 130.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Michael Bresalier, ‘Fighting Flu: Military Pathology, Vaccines, and the Conflicted Identity of the 1918–19 Pandemic in Britain’, Journal of the History of Medicines and Allied Sciences 68 (1) (2013), pp. 87–128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jrr041.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid.
31. Honigsbaum, op. cit., p. 54.
32. Ibid., p. 55.
33. Ibid.
Chapter Seven: The Fangs of Death
1. New York Times, 11 July 1918.
2. John Tolland, No Man’s Land: The Story of 1918, London: Book Club Associates, 1980, by arrangement with Eyre Methuen Limited 1980, p. 526.
3. Ibid., pp. 526–7.
4. Ibid., p. 527.
5. J. S. Wane, diary, Richard Collier Collection.
6. A. J. Jamieson, memoirs, p. 5, Richard Collier Collection.
7. Mridula Ramanna, ‘Coping with the Influenza Pandemic: The Bombay Experience’, in The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19, ed. Howard Phillips and David Killingray, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2003, p. 87.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid., p. 88.
11. Ibid.
12. Ibid.
13. Frederick Brittain, memoir, pp. 46–7, Richard Collier Collection.
14. Ibid.
15. Mohammad Hossein Azizi MD, Ghanbar Ali Raees Jalali MD and Farzaneh Azizi, ‘A History of the 1918 Spanish Influenza Pandemic and its Impact on Iran’, History of Contemporary Medicine in Iran, http://www.ams.ac.ir/AIM/010133/0018.pdf.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Sidney Peirce, WW1 Recollections, Richard Collier Collection, Imperial War Museum.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 39.
22. Ibid.
23. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 29.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 47.
28. Crosby, op. cit., p. 39.
29. Maria Porras Gallo and Ryan Davis, The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Perspectives from the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas, Rochester: Boydell & Brewer, 2014, p. 252.
30. Ibid.
31. Crosby, op. cit., p. 39.
32. Ibid., pp. 39–40.
33. Ibid., p. 40.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., p. 46.
36. Ibid.
37. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 47.
38. Richard Collier, The Plague of the Spanish Lady: The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19, London: Macmillan, 1974, p. 34.
39. Victor C. Vaughan, A Doctor’s Memories, Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1926, p. 431.
40. Ibid., pp. 431–2.
41. Ibid., pp. 383–4.
42. http://amextbg2.wgbhdigital.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/biography/influenza-victor-vaughan/?flavour=mobile.
43. Ibid.
44. R. N. Grist, ‘Pandemic Influenza 1918’, British Medical Journal (22–9 December 1979), pp. 1632–3.
45. Ibid.
46. Crosby, op. cit., p. 9.
47. Ibid., p. 11.
48. Ibid., p. 9.
49. Iezzoni, op. cit., pp. 66–7.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid., p. 156.
52. Ibid.
53. Crosby, op. cit., p. 11.
54. Ibid. cit., p. 9.
55. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 174.
Chapter Eight: Like Fighting With a Ghost
1. Thomas Gray, Ode on a Distant Prospect of Eton College, https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44301/ode-on-a-distant-prospect-of-eton-college.
2. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 46.
3. Ibid., pp. 46–7.
4. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 56.
5. Crosby, op. cit., p. 48.
6. Ibid.
7. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 47.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 57.
10. Ibid., pp. 57–8.
11. Ibid., p. 78.
12. Crosby, op. cit., p. 76.
13. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 50.
14. Ibid., p. 70.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid., p. 51.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid., pp. 51–2.
19. Ibid., p. 79.
20. Ibid., pp. 79–80.
21. Ibid., p. 80.
22. Ibid., p. 81.
23. Ibid., p. 88.
24. Ibid., p. 120.
25. Ibid., p. 136.
26. Crosby, op. cit., p. 46.
27. Ibid., p. 159.
28. Eleanor Roosevelt, The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1962, p. 85.
29. Ibid.
30. Ted Morgan, FDR: A Biography, London: Grafton Books, 1986, p. 200.
31. Crosby, op. cit., p. 68.
32. Ibid., p. 73.
33. Iezonni, op. cit., p. 90.
34. Ibid., p. 90.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid., p. 89.
38. Ibid., p. 91.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Ibid.
, p. 159.
42. Ibid., pp. 216–17.
43. Ibid., p. 159.
Chapter Nine: Eye of the Storm
1. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 70.
2. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 46.
3. Crosby, op. cit., p. 71.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., pp. 71–2.
6. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 63.
7. Crosby, op. cit., p. 72.
8. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 63.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., pp. 63–4.
12. Crosby, op. cit., p. 73.
13. Ibid., p. 74.
14. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 52.
15. Ibid., p. 146.
16. Ibid., p. 147.
17. Crosby, op. cit., p. 75.
18. Ibid., p. 76.
19. Ibid., p. 78.
20. Ibid., p. 79.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 81.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 131.
26. Ibid., p. 132.
27. Crosby, op. cit., p. 76.
28. Ibid., p. 77.
29. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 157.
30. Crosby, op. cit., p. 77.
31. Ibid., p. 82.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 134.
35. Ibid., p. 135.
36. Ibid.
37. Crosby, op. cit., pp. 82–3.
38. Ibid.
39. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 149.
40. Ibid., p. 149.
41. Ibid., p. 150.
42. Ibid., pp. 149–50.
43. Ibid., p. 150.
44. Ibid., p. 152.
45. Ibid., p. 152.
46. Ibid., p. 163.
47. Ibid.
48. Ibid., p. 154.
49. Ibid., p. 163.
50. Ibid., p. 173.
51. Ibid., p. 170.
52. Ibid., p. 165.
Chapter Ten: A Winding Sheet and a Wooden Box
1. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 51.
2. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/i/influenza/a-winding-sheet-and-a-wooden-box.html.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 120.
11. https://www.history.navy.mil/research/library/online-reading-room/title-list-alphabetically/i/influenza/a-winding-sheet-and-a-wooden-box.html.
12. http://waltdisney.org/blog/over-there-walt-disneys-world-war-i-adventure.
13. Stefan Kanfer, Groucho: The Life and Times of Julius Henry Marx, London: Penguin, 2000, pp. 55–6.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 158.
17. Ibid., pp. 161–2.
18. Ibid., p. 165.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., pp. 165–6.
23. Ibid., p. 166.
24. Ann Herring and Lisa Sattenspiel, ‘Death in Winter: Spanish Flu in the Canadian Subarctic’, in The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: New Perspectives, ed. Howard Phillips and David Killingray, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2003, p. 156.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., p. 157.
27. Ibid., p. 158.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid., pp. 158–9.
30. Ibid., p. 159.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid., p. 161.
33. Ibid.
34. Joseph S. Lombardo and David L. Buckeridge, Disease Surveillance, eu.Wiley.com, p. 9.
35. First Lieutenant Harding, http://www.kancoll.org/khq/1958/58_1_omer.htm.
36. Ibid.
37. http://cosmictimes.gsfc.nasa.gov/teachers/downloads/lessons/1919/letter_from_camp_funston.pdf.
38. Ibid.
39. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 66.
40. Ibid., p. 99.
41. Ibid., p. 100.
42. Ibid. p. 106.
43. Ibid.
Chapter Eleven: The Spanish Lady Goes to Washington
1. See Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 83.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid., p. 84.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Niall Johnson, Britain and the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxford: Routledge, 2006, pp. 175–6.
7. Ibid.
8. Eleanor Roosevelt, The Autobiography of Eleanor Roosevelt, London: Hutchinson & Co., 1962, p. 86.
9. Ibid.
10. See Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 85.
11. Ibid., p. 86.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 87.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 105.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., p. 154.
18. Ibid., p. 53.
19. Ibid., p. 118.
20. Thomas Wolfe, Look Homeward, Angel, 1929, eBook, http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0300721.txt.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
Chapter Twelve: ‘You Can’t Do Anything for Flu’
1. Nottingham Journal, 9 December 1918.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. ‘Eat More Onions’ campaign, http://influenza1918.weebly.com/flu-facts.html.
5. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 119.
6. Nottingham Evening Post, ‘Bygones’ Supplement, 24 January 2009.
7. Niall Johnson, Britain and the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxford: Routledge, 2006, p. 165.
8. Howard Phillips, ‘Black October: The Impact of the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 on South Africa’, PhD dissertation, University of Cape Town, 1984, p. 276.
9. Ibid., p. 252.
10. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 119.