21. Ibid., p. 331.
22. Ibid., p. 330.
23. Ibid., p. 331.
24. Ibid., p. 332.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., p. 333.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Alan Warwick Palmer, Victory 1918, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, The Orion Publishing Group Ltd, 1998, p. 286.
30. Ibid.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid., p. 287.
34. Isobel Charman, The Great War: The People’s Story, London: Random House, 2014, p. 417.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., p. 425.
37. Katherine Anne Porter, Pale Horse, Pale Rider: Three Short Novels, New York: The Modern Library, Random House, 1936, p. 255.
38. Ibid., p. 256.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid.
41. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, pp. 175–6.
42. Ibid., p. 176.
43. Ibid., p. 182.
44. Ibid., p. 176.
45. Ibid., p. 183.
46. MacDonagh, op. cit., p. 336.
47. Victor C. Vaughan, A Doctor’s Memories, Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, 1926, p. 432.
48. Manchester Evening News, 12 November 1918.
49. Mark Honigsbaum, Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2009, pp. 101–2.
Chapter Nineteen: Black November
1. Hugh Cecil and Peter H. Liddle (eds), At the Eleventh Hour: Reflections, Hopes and Anxieties at the Closing of the Great War, 1918, Barnsley: Leo Cooper, 1998, p. 206.
2. Ibid.
3. Geoffrey W. Rice, Black November: The 1918 Influenza Pandemic in New Zealand, Christchurch, NZ: Canterbury University Press, 2005, p. 118.
4. Ibid., p. 247.
5. Cecil and Liddle (eds), op. cit., p. 206.
6. Rice, op. cit., p. 251.
7. Ibid., p. 118.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 157.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid., p. 241.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid., p. 247.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid., p. 118.
16. Ibid., p. 252.
17. Ibid., p. 248.
18. Ibid., p. 153.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., p. 105.
22. Ibid., p. 195.
23. Ibid., p. 83.
24. Ibid., p. 73.
25. Ibid., p. 187.
26. Ibid., p. 194.
27. Ibid., p. 198.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. Cecil and Liddle (eds), op. cit., p. 206.
31. Rice, op. cit., p. 159.
32. Ibid., page 197.
33. Ibid., p. 208.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid., p. 173.
36. Ibid., p. 163.
37. Ibid., p. 173.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Ibid., p. 158.
41. Ibid., p. 157–8.
42. See Kevin McCracken and Peter Curson, ‘Flu Downunder: A Demographic and Geographic Analysis of the 1919 Epidemic in Sydney, Australia’, in The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: New Perspectives, ed. Howard Phillips and David Killingray, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2003 p. 112.
43. Ibid., p. 117.
Chapter Twenty: Aftermath
1. The Times 18 December 1918.
2. Michael Ashcroft, ‘The Victoria Cross recipient who “only did his job”’, Daily Telegraph, 1 November 2013.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid.
10. Ibid.
11. Ibid.
12. https://www.illustratedfirstworldwar.com/learning/timeline/1918-2/spanish-flu-peaks/.
13. Niall Johnson, Britain and the 1918–19 Influenza Pandemic: A Dark Epilogue, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2006, p. 141.
14. Ibid.
15. Mary Soames, Clementine Churchill, 2nd revised edition, New York: Doubleday, 2002, p. 219.
16. Juliet Nicolson, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/6542203/The-war-was-over-but-Spanish-Flu-would-kill-millions-more.html, 11 November 2009.
17. Mark, Honigsbaum, Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918, Basingstoke: Macmillan, 2009, p. 138.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. H. W. Brands, Woodrow Wilson, Time Books, New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2003, p. 123.
21. Alfred W. Crosby, America’s Forgotten Pandemic: The Influenza of 1918, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003, p. 172.
22. Brands, op. cit., pp. 123–4.
23. https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/TC19190502.2.5.
24. Johnson, op. cit., p. 144.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid., p. 145.
27. Maisie Fletcher, The Bright Countenance: A Personal Biography of Walter Morley Fletcher, London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1957, p. 143.
28. Ibid.
29. J. S. Wane, Diary, Richard Collier Collection, Imperial War Museum.
30. See http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/171326.htm.
31. https://forgottenbooks.com/es/books/HistoryoftheUSSLeviathan_10213422.
32. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 183.
33. Ibid., p. 184.
34. Mary McCarthy, Memories of a Catholic Girlhood, London: Heinemann, 1957, pp 12–13.
35. Ibid., p. xxiv.
36. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 185.
Chapter Twenty-One: ‘Viral Archaeology’
1. Private Harry Underdawn is buried at Étaples Military Cemetery Nord-Pas-de-Calais.
2. Gina Kolata, Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It, New York: Touchstone, Rockefeller Center, 1999, pp. 85–6.
3. Ibid., p. 89.
4. Lynette Iezzoni, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999, p. 221.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Jeffery Taubenberger, Senior Investigator in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Interview location: The National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, Interview date: 27 November 2007.
8. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 222.
9. Ibid., pp. 221–2.
10. Alison McCook, ‘Death of a Pathology Centre’, Nature 476 (2011), pp. 270–2. DOI:10.1038/476270a http://www.nature.com/news/2011/110817/full/476270a.html.
11. Ibid.
12. Taubenberger, op. cit.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 219.
22. Taubenberger, op. cit.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Iezzoni, op. cit., p. 224.
29. Ibid., p. 225.
30. Taubenberger, op. cit.
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Edwin D. Kilbourne, Influenza Pandemics of the 20th Century, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3291411/.
Chapter Twenty-Two: The Hong Kong Connection
1.�
�Pete Davies, Catching Cold: 1918’s Forgotten Tragedy and the Scientific Hunt for the Virus that Caused It, London: Penguin Books, 1999, p. 7.
2. Gina Kolata, Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It, New York: Touchstone, Rockefeller Center, 1999, p. 200.
3. M. Levi (2007). ‘Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation’, Critical Care Medicine 35 (9), pp. 2191–5.
4. Davies, op. cit., p. 8.
5. Ibid.
6. Kolata, op. cit., p. 225.
7. Ibid., p. 226.
8. Ibid.
9. Ibid., p. 228.
10. Simon Parkin, Inception: The Avian Flu Outbreak in Hong Kong, 1997, https://howwegettonext.com/inception-the-avian-flu-outbreak-in-hong-kong-1997-5c0de48f6781.
11. Davies, op. cit., p. 18.
12. Kolata, op. cit., p. 232.
13. Davies, op. cit., p. 20.
14. Ibid., p. 21.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid., p. 25.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 27.
25. Ibid., p. 21.
26. Ibid.
27. Parkin, op. cit.
28. Kolata, op. cit., p. 233.
29. Ibid.
30. Ibid., p. 236.
31. Ibid., p. 239.
32. Ibid.
33. Ibid., p. 26.
34. Parkin, op. cit.
35. Ibid.
36. Mark Honigsbaum, ‘Robert Webster: We ignore bird flu at our peril’, Guardian, 17 September 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/17/bird-flu-swine-flu-warning.
37. Kolata, op. cit., p. 238.
38. Ian Sample, ‘A history of major flu pandemics’, Guardian, 28 March 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/mar/28/history-major-flu-pandemics.
39. Mark Honigsbaum, ‘Robert Webster: We ignore bird flu at our peril’, Guardian, 17 September 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/17/bird-flu-swine-flu-warning.
40. Jeffery Taubenberger, Senior Investigator in the Laboratory of Infectious Diseases at the National Institute for Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Interview location: The National Institutes of Health campus in Bethesda, Maryland, United States, Interview date: 27 November 2007.
41. Professor John Oxford, interview with author, September 2016.
Chapter Twenty-Three: Secrets of the Grave
1. Pete Davies, Catching Cold: 1918’s Forgotten Tragedy and the Scientific Hunt for the Virus that Caused It, London: Penguin Books, 1999, p. 120.
2. Gina Kolata, Flu: The Story of the Great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 and the Search for the Virus that Caused It, New York: Touchstone, Rockefeller Center, 1999 p. 273.
3. Esther Oxford, ‘Secrets of the grave’, Independent, 26 September 1998.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Candida Crewe, ‘The London Necropolis’, The Spectator, 23 March 1991, p. 26.
8. Davies, op. cit., p. 147.
9. Oxford, op. cit.
10. Kolata, op. cit., p. 280.
11. Oxford, op. cit.
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Author interview with Professor Oxford, September 2016.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Barbara Davies, ‘Revealed: face of the woman who could save us from bird flu; courage of tragic 1918 epidemic victim’, Daily Mirror, 5 February 2004, https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Revealed%3A+face+of+the+woman+who+could+save+us+from+bird+flu%3B+COURAGE…-a0112921273.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Wendy Moore, ‘Fever Pitch’, The Observer, 26 November 2000.
30. Ibid.
31. Author interview with Professor Oxford, September 2016.
32. Nita Madhav and Molly J. Markey (eds), ‘Modeling a Modern-Day Spanish Flu Pandemic’, AIR’s Research and Modeling Group, 21 February 2013.
33. Ibid.
34. Author interview with Professor Oxford.
35. Ibid.
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