Pandemic 1918
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Fraser, M. and A. J. Jeeves (eds), All That Glittered: Selected Correspondence of Lionel Phillips, Cape Town: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Grigg, John, Lloyd George: War Leader, 1916–1918, London: Penguin Books, 2003.
Gorham, Deborah, Vera Brittain: A Feminist Life, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1996.
Graves, Robert, Goodbye to All That, London: Penguin Books, 1960.
Givner, Joan, Katherine Anne Porter: A Life, revised edition, Brown Thrasher Books, Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press, 1991.
Honigsbaum, Mark, A History of the Great Influenza Pandemics: Death, Panic and Hysteria, 1830–1920, London: I.B. Tauris & Co. Ltd, 2014.
Honigsbaum, Mark, Living with Enza: The Forgotten Story of Britain and the Great Flu Pandemic of 1918, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 2009.
Humphries, Mark Osborne, The Last Plague Spanish Influenza and the Politics of Public Health in Canada, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013.
Iezzoni, Lynette, Influenza 1918: The Worst Epidemic in American History, New York: TV Books, 1999.
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Lee, Janet, War Girls: The First Aid Nursing Yeomanry in the First World War, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2005.
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McCarthy, Mary, Memories of a Catholic Girlhood, London: Heinemann, 1957.
MacDonagh, Michael, In London During the Great War: The Diary of a Journalist, London: Eyre & Spottiswoode, 1935.
Macdonald, Lyn, The Roses of No Man’s Land, London: Penguin Books, 1993.
Macdonald, Lyn, To the Last Man: Spring 1918, London: Viking Penguin Books Ltd, 1998.
Macnaughtan, S., My War Experiences in Two Continents, ed. Mrs Lionel Salmon, London: John Murray, 1919.
Macpherson, W. G., Herringham, W. P., Elliott, T. R. and Balfour, A. (eds), Medical Services: Diseases of the War, Vol. 1, London: His Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1922.
Morgan, Ted, FDR: A Biography, London: Grafton Books, Collins Publishing Group, 1986.
Muir, Ward, Observations of an Orderly: Some Glimpses of Life and Work in an English War Hospital, London: Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co Ltd, 1917.
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Phillips, Howard and Killingray, David K. (eds), The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: New Perspectives, Routledge Studies in the Social History of Medicine, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2003.
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PhD Theses
Knight, Joan Eileen, ‘The Social Impact of the Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19: With Special Reference to the East Midlands’, PhD thesis, University of Nottingham (2015); access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28545/1/JOAN%20KNIGHT%20-%20THESIS.pdf.
Phillips, Howard, ‘Black October: The Impact of the Spanish Influenza Epidemic of 1918 on South Africa’, PhD dissertation, University of Cape Town, 1984.
Special Collections
Caroline Playne Collection, Senate House Library, University of London.
Richard Collier Collection, Imperial War Museum.
Contemporary Medical Archives Centre, Wellcome Library, ‘Notes on Marylebone Infirmary (later St. Charles Hospital) 1910–1941’, compiled by Dr Basil Hood – GC/21.
Journal Articles
Blue, Ethan, ‘The Strange Career of Leo Stanley: Remaking Manhood and Medicine at San Quentin State Penitentiary, 1913–1951’, Pacific Historical Review 78 (2) (May 2009), pp. 210–41; published by University of California Press. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/phr.2009.78.2.210. Accessed 20 June 2017.
Bresalier, Michael, ‘Fighting Flu: Military Pathology, Vaccines, and the Conflicted Identity of the 1918–19 Pandemic in Britain’, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 68 (1) (January 2013), pp. 87–128; https://oup.silverchair-cdn.com/oup/backfile/Content_public/Journal/jhmas/68/1/10.1093/jhmas/jrr041/2/jrr041.pdf.
Dudley, S. F., ‘The Influenza Pandemic as Seen at Scapa Flow’, Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service, V (4) (October 1919).
Gill, Douglas and Dallas, Gloden, ‘Mutiny at Etaples Base in 1917’, Past & Present, 69 (November 1975), pp. 88–112; published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Past and Present Society; Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/650297. Accessed 22 August 2016.
Graeme Gibson, H., Bowman, F. B. and Connor, J. I., ‘The Etiology of Influenza: A Filterable Virus as the Cause, With Some Notes on the Culture of the Virus By Noguchi’s Method’, The British Medical Journal 1 (3038) (22 March 1919), pp. 331–5. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/20337178. Accessed 19 June 2017.
Hammond, J. A. B., Rolland, William and Shore, T. H. G., ‘Purulent Bronchitis: A Study of Cases Occurring Amongst the British Troops at a Base in France’, The Lancet 190 (14 July 1917), pp. 41–6.
Honigsbaum, Mark, ‘Robert Webster: We ignore bird flu at our peril’, Guardian, 17 September 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/sep/17/bird-flu-swine-flu-warning.
Oxford, J. S., Lambkin, R,, Sefton, A., Daniels, R., Elliot, A., Brown, R. and Gill, D., ‘A Hypothesis: The Conjunction of Soldiers, Gas, Pigs, Ducks, Geese and Horses in Northern France during the Great War Provided the Conditions for the Emergence of the “Spanish” Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919’, Vaccine 23 (2005), pp. 940�
��5, online version, Elsevier, 11 September 2004.
Raymond, J. K., ‘Influenza on Board a Battleship’, Journal of the Royal Naval Medical Service 5 (4) (October 1918).
Tanner, Andrea, ‘The Spanish Lady Comes to London: The Influenza Pandemic 1918–1919’, London Journal 27 (2) (2002).
Tomkins, Sandra M., ‘The Failure of Expertise: Public Health Policy in Britain during the 1918–19 Influenza Epidemic’, Social History of Medicine 5 (3) (1992), pp. 435–54. DOI: https://doi-org.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/10.1093/shm/5.3.435.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
With thanks to the following individuals and institutions for their assistance in researching and writing Pandemic 1918: The Story of the Deadliest Influenza in History: Dr Michael Bresalier, Dr Mark Honigsbaum of the Wellcome Trust, Professor Geoffrey Rice of the University of Canterbury, New Zealand, Professor Howard Phillips, Dr Joan Knight of Loughborough University, Dr Richard Johnson, Charles Harrowell at Special Collections, Senate House Library, University of London, and the staff of Cambridge University Library, the Hallward Library and the Greenfield Medical Library, University of Nottingham, the Imperial War Museum and the Wellcome Library. Many thanks also to Fiona Slater and Louise Dixon at Michael O’Mara Books and Charles Spicer and April Osborn at St Martin’s Press. Thanks are also due to my family and friends and to my agent Andrew Lownie for all their encouragement and support.
PICTURE CREDITS
First Section
Image courtesy of the National Museum of Health and Medicine, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C. / source Nicholls H (2006) Pandemic Influenza: The Inside Story (CC by 4.0)
Photo courtesy of Otis Historical Archives, National Museum of Health and Medicine, AFIP, Washington, D.C. (CC by 2.0)
Ministry of Health, Great Britain, No. 4 Report on the Pandemic of Influenza 1918–19, His Majesty’s Stationery Office, London (1920)
From the Los Angeles Evening Herald, 22 October, 1918. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress/ lccn / sn84025969
Photo courtesy of U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, D.C. /NH 71 USS Leviathan (ID 1326)
© Corbis / Corbis via Getty Images
Photo from My Chicago by Anna Morgan, 1918
Mary Evans / Everett Collection
Hulton Archive / Getty Images
Art Collection 2 / Alamy
Photo courtesy of U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command, Washington, D.C. / NH 41731-A
© Illustrated London News / Mary Evans
Universal History Archive / UIG via Getty Images
© Illustrated London News / Mary Evans
Everett Historical / Shutterstock.com
© Illustrated London News / Mary Evans
Second Section
Old newspaper advertisement
Photo courtesy of State Library of Queensland, Brisbane
Photo courtesy of the Dublin Heritage Museum, California
U.S. National Archives / 165-WW-269B-25
U.S. National Archives / 165-WW-269B-16
Mary Evans Picture Library
Atomic / Alamy
Mary Evans Picture Library
Wellcome Collection (CC by 4.0)
From a 1942 advertisement for Dixie Cups, referring back to 1918
British Library, London, UK / © British Library Board. All Rights Reserved / Bridgeman Images
From The Ogden Standard, 29 January, 1916. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Library of Congress / lccn / sn85058396
Mary Evans Picture Library
Photo courtesy of Kansas State Historical Society
The Influenza Pandemic Window from the Johannes Schreiter windows at the Medical Library, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, designed by Caroline Swash, published for the hospital by Malvern Arts Press Ltd PO Box 3 Malvern WR14 1WW, photograph by Philip Vile
INDEX
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Abrahams, Major Adolphe
Adams, Aunt Martha
Africa see also South Africa
Agostoni, Second Lieutenant Giuseppe
AIR Worldwide Research and Modeling Group
Alaska
Alba, Santiago
Aldershot
Alexander, Morris
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain
Allen, Cid
Allen, Maud
Allied Expeditionary Force (AEF)
American Medical Corps
American Therapeutic Society
Apollinaire, Guillaume
Apollinaire, Jacqueline
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (AFIP), Washington DC
Arnott, Dr Neil
Ashe, Dr E. Oliver
Asian flu (H2N2) outbreak (1957)
Asquith, Lady Cynthia
Asquith, Herbert
Asquith, Margo
Associated Press
Australia
Australian Army Medical Corps
Axel, Prince of Denmark
Baden-Powell, Lady Olave
Barclay, Dr
Barnes, Dr Noble P.
Barnett, Elsie
Bayer
Beattie, Dr W. Purvis
Bentinck, Count
Bergensfjord
Black Death
Black Thursday (October 17th, 1918)
Blenkinsop, Barry
Blücher, Princess Evelyn
Blue, Ethan
Blue, Surgeon General Rupert
Bogart, Humphrey
Bombay Chronicle
Bombay, India
‘bond drives’
Boston Globe
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Bosworth, Battle of (1485)
Botha, General Louis
Bowman, Major
Bradford, Sir John Rose
Brady, Lady Victoria
Bresalier, Michael
Brevig Mission (previously Teller Mission), Alaska
Brinkley, Roy
Britain:
bird flu (1997) and
history of influenza epidemics in
scientific research into Spanish flu within
Spanish flu arrival in
see also under individual place name
British Army
11th Battalion Royal Scots
12th Battalion, Queen’s (Royal West Surrey) Regiment
51st Highland Division
62nd Division
Army Medical Services (AMS)
Army Pathological Committee
British Expeditionary Force (BEF)
Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC)
British Medical Journal
Briton
Brittain, Edward
Brittain, Frederick
Brittain, Vera; Testament of Youth
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brown, Josie Mabel
Brownlee, Dr George
Brownlow, Louis
Brushingham, Reverend J. P.
Burn-Callander, Hilary
Burn, Nellie
Burn, Phyllis
Burn, Roderick
Bushnell, George
Byam, Dr William
Cairns, Dr A. A.
Camp Devens, Massachusetts, U.S.
Camp Dix, New Jersey, U.S.
Camp Humphreys, near Washington DC, U.S.
Camp Meade, Maryland, U.S.
Camp Merritt, New Jersey, U.S.
Camp Upton, New York, U.S.
Canada
Canadian Army Medical Corps
Canterbury Abbey
Cape Argus
Cape Times
Cape Town, South Africa
Carnachan, Sergeant Angus
Casualty Clearing Stations (CCS)
Cavia, Mariano de
Cecil, Lord
Cendrars, Blaise
censorship
Center for Disease Control, Atlanta, U.S.
Chambers, Lieutenant Commander W.
Chan, Margaret
Cheung Sha Wan poultry wholesale market, Kowloon, Hong Kong
Chicago, U.S.
China
Church, Hayden
Churchill, Clementine
Churchill, Marigold
Churchill, Winston
City of Exeter
Clark, Peggy
Clay, Dr David Lloyd
Colbert, Private Howard
Cole, Dr Rufus
Colebrook, Leonard
Collier, Richard: The Plague of the Spanish Lady
Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, Washington Heights, U.S.
Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur
Conan Doyle, Kingsley
Congress, U.S.
Connaught Hospital, Aldershot
Connor, Captain
Cook, Captain J.
Coolidge, Calvin
Cooper, Duff
Cooper, Steffie
Copeland, Royal S.
Corey Hill, Massachusetts, U.S.
Cormack, Arthur
Cox, Nancy
Croke, Dr Louis
Crosby, Albert; America’s Forgotten Pandemic
Cruikshank, Dr Margaret
Cuttoli, Corsica
cytokine storm
Daily Express
Dalton, Katherine Wade
Daniels, Dr Rod
Dato, Eduardo
Dauzat, Albert
De Beers Corporation
De Burger
Decker, Colonel
Delano, John
Deming, Dorothy
Diaghilev, Sergei
Dickie, Alex
Dickson, James H.
Disney, Walt
Doane, Lt Col. Philip
Dobson, Mary
Dodds, Eliot
Doerr, Lieutenant Colonel Charles E.
Donohue, Michael
Downs, Private James
Drake, Corporal Lee W.
Driffell, Ivy
Dudley, Surgeon Lieutenant Commander
Duncan, Dr Kirsty
Dutch National Institute of Public Health
Dutoitspan diamond mine, South Africa
Dwyer, John
East Rand Proprietary Mine, Witwatersrand Basin, South Africa
Eckels, H. S.
Edington, Dr Alexander
Egypt (hospital ship)
El Liberal
Elliott, Ernest
Elliott, Mertin