Secrets of Ancient America: Archaeoastronomy and the Legacy of the Phoenicians, Celts, and Other Forgotten Explorers

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Secrets of Ancient America: Archaeoastronomy and the Legacy of the Phoenicians, Celts, and Other Forgotten Explorers Page 40

by Carl Lehrburger

journeys from India to America (Patala), 240–45

  Mayan-East Asian connection, 93–94

  Mayan-Egyptian connection, 87–88

  Mayan-Indian connection, 94–97

  McGlone as leading scholar of, 102

  Native Americans and, 7

  obstacles to acceptance of, 6–7

  plant and animal evidence of, 308–9

  proponents of, 5–6

  transoceanic diffusion, 190, 192

  See also New History

  Discovery of Ancient America, 286

  disease, conquest of America and,

  351–52

  DNA, Cherokee and Hebrew, 302

  DNA studies, need for, 379

  Dorn, Ron, 167

  double-sun petroglyph, 195

  dragon petroglyph, 176

  Earth in Upheaval, 358

  ecliptic, defined, 50–51

  economics, conquest of America and,

  349–50

  Egyptian connections, 87–88, 329–32

  Eight-Dog petroglyph, 108, 110, 374

  El Castillo (the Castle), 87, 90

  elephants, 238–40, 307

  entheogens, 373–75, 376

  epigraphy

  defined, 27

  Fell’s use of, 27

  of Mojave North, 219–22

  need for, 378

  See also Ogham script

  Epona (Celtic goddess), 154, 155, 156, 176

  equinox alignment

  at America’s Stonehenge, 72

  at Anubis Caves, 148, 150, 151–54

  Balance Alignment, 153–54

  Cave Hollow sunrise, 171–73

  at cave near Russell, KS, 176–78

  of Celtic stone chambers, 62

  Changing Woman alignment,

  120–22, 371–72

  at Crack Cave, 131–32, 150

  direct vs. indirect, 105

  at Mojave North, 185–86, 187–90,

  201–6, 230

  Pathfinder noon alignment, 371–72

  Pathfinder sunrise shadow, 112

  at Red Canyon site, 249–50

  SEA Rock sunset animation, 201–6,

  372

  serpent associated with, 189, 364

  Silent Opera animation, 151–53

  at Sofa Rock, 106–7

  sun dagger animation, Pathfinder,

  116–22

  types in southeastern Colorado, 104

  equinoxes, defined, 50

  Eric the Red, 334

  ethnocentrism, 354–55, 376–77

  fakes. See frauds and hoaxes

  Farley, Gloria

  on ancient travelers in America,

  137–38

  on coins found in Oklahoma, 323

  controversies about her research, 183

  on Epona image, 154

  in History on the Rocks (film), 159

  Tannith image found by, 186

  Feder, Kenneth L., 288–89

  Fell, Barry

  author’s hopes after reading, 5–6

  books written by, 27

  on Celtic Bel dedications, 62, 64

  on Celts in America, 38–39

  Chilean rock script translated by, 330

  on coins found in America, 40

  the Davenport calendar tablet and,

  42, 43–45

  diffusionism concepts of, 28

  on Greeks in the Americas, 319–20

  in History on the Rocks (film), 159

  Kelley’s stance toward, 126

  Leonard’s translation confirmed by,

  136–37

  McGlone’s stance toward, 99, 124,

  183

  mistakes and discrediting of, 45–46,

  124

  New History telling begun with, 27

  on Ogham script origins, 40

  on Phoenicians in America, 30–31,

  33–34, 35, 38, 318–19

  West Virginia Ogham translated by,

  179

  Ferdinand, King, 10, 16–17, 19

  First Mother (Changing Woman) alignment,

  120–22, 371–72

  Flatland, 3

  Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient

  India, 241

  1421: The Year China..., 314

  1491: New Revelations..., 272, 343, 352

  Fowler, Frank H., 299–300

  frauds and hoaxes, 278–79, 282–83. See

  also archaeopriests

  Frazier, Wade, 16–17

  Freud, Sigmund, 358

  galactic alignment of 2012, 80–82

  galactic equator, 80

  Galileo Galilei, 4

  Gallagher, Ida Jane, 169, 170, 172, 179, 180

  Gallez, Paul, 330

  Gardner, Hugh, 205

  Gauquelin, Michel, 47

  geoglyphs, 175

  geophagy (rock ingestion), 255–57

  Gibson, Mitchell E., 48

  Gill, Sam D., 120

  Gillespie, Alan, 186

  Gillespie, Rollin W.

  at Crack Cave, 128

  in History on the Rocks (film), 159

  photo of, 170

  at Sun Temple, 161, 167, 168, 169

  Gillette, Donna, 257

  Gordon, Cyrus H., 30, 281–82, 316

  Grave Creek Stone, 274, 318–19

  Great Basin, 235–63

  area covered by, 235

  Chalfant site, 250, 252

  cupules and grinding holes in, 255–59

  diffusion of Vedic cultures into,

  259–61

  Grimes Point, NV, 238–39

  habitation dictated by weather in, 237

  kivas in, 252–53

  Kokopelli motif in, 253–54

  Little Petroglyph Canyon, 235, 237

  map of modern and historic climates,

  236

  Mojave North in relation to, 235

  Red Canyon site, 249–50

  sites near Bishop, CA, 249

  greed of conquerors, 349–50, 353

  Greek connections, 319–22

  Grian (Celtic deity), 130, 131–32, 147, 171

  Grimes Point, NV, 238–39

  grinding holes. See cupules and grinding

  holes

  guile of conquerors, 353

  Guthrie, James L., 44–45

  hand signs, Mayan, 83–86

  Hannam, James, 12–13

  Hanuman, 204–5

  Harris, Hendon M., 312

  Hatshepsut, Egyptian queen, 329–30

  Haywood, John, 323

  head beads and sculptures, Olmec, 92

  Heavener Runestone characters, 137

  Hebrews

  American artifacts of, 281

  Bat Creek Stone, 28–30, 281–82, 303

  Calalus site, 294–301, 303

  Cherokees and, 301, 302, 303

  Danite migrations, 59

  early sailing capabilities of, 280

  evidence of contact with Americas

  (table), 303

  Hidden Mountain site, 285–94, 303

  Native American customs and,

  301–2, 303

  Newark Holy Stones, 282–83

  Semitic inscriptions, 284–85

  Heizer, Robert Fleming, 184

  heliolithic animations

  defined, 116

  Light Serpent, Mojave North,

  185–86, 187–90, 368

  SEA Rock, Mojave North, 201–6, 372

  sun dagger, Pathfinder, 116–22

  Hero Twins story, 76–79, 82, 85–86

  Heyerdahl, Thor, 334–36

  Hibben, Frank, 288

  Hidden Maya, The, 83

  Hidden Mountain site, 285–94

  access permit for, 286

  authenticity of inscriptions, 288–89

  boulder at summit, 287–88

  damage to, 286

  guardian petroglyphs, 293–94

  hike to, 286

  Izapa-looking motif, 291–92

  Los Lunas Decalogue Stone, 285, 286
,

  288, 290, 293

  rock art rendering constellations at,

  289–90

  zodiac map petroglyphs, 289–90

  History of the American Indians, 301

  History on the Rocks (film), 159

  hoaxes and frauds, 278–79, 282–83. See

  also archaeopriests

  Holy Blood, Holy Grail, 336

  Homans, James E., 278

  hoofprint petroglyphs, 114–16, 223–24

  Horse Creek petroglyph, 180

  Horsford, Eben Norton, 335–36

  howling dog petroglyph, 108, 110

  Hsu Fu (Xufu), 314

  Huishen (Hwei Shan), 314–16

  Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (Hero Twins), 78–79

  Hun Camé (One Death), 77

  Hun Hunahpú (One Hunahpú), 76,

  77–78, 82, 85, 86

  hunter petroglyph, 113–14

  independent inventions theory, 6

  India and the Indus Valley

  ancient journeys to America (Patala)

  from, 240–45

  ancient ships of, 241, 242

  connections to the Americas, 306–10

  elephants transported to America

  from, 238–40

  Kokopelli’s roots in, 254

  Magi from, 208–9

  Mayan connection with, 94–97, 307

  Mojave North connection with,

  216–19, 232–33

  Southwest influenced by, 244–45, 254

  time cycles, 259–60

  V. Ganapati Sthapati, 94–97, 307

  Indian Grinding Rock State Historic

  Park, CA, 255

  India Once Ruled the Americas! 244, 306

  In Plain Sight, 137–38, 323

  Inscription Panel at Mojave North, 191,

  192, 219–22

  intaglios, 175

  Isabella, Queen

  baptized subjects protected by, 23–24

  Columbus’s deception of, 16–17, 19,

  23–24

  expectations of, 10

  Izapa-looking motif at Hidden Mountain, 291–92

  Izapa Stela 5, 291

  Jade Tuxla statuette, 313

  Japanese connections, 316–17

  Jefferson, Thomas, 266, 325

  Jeffries, Dean, 169, 174

  Jeffries, Keith, 169, 170, 176

  Jenkins, John Major, 80–83

  Joseph, Chief, Mesopotamian tablet of, 329

  Josephus, Flavius, 280

  Jung, Carl, 358

  Kansas Serpent Intaglio, 175, 273

  Kelley, David H., 46, 125–26, 131, 326

  Kensington Runestone, 274, 332–33

  Khiva, Uzbekistan, 252–53

  kiva in New England, 65–66

  kivas, 252–53

  Knights Templar connection, 336–39

  Kokopelli motif, 253–54

  Kubera, Kokopelli and, 254

  Kukulcán, 90–91. See also Quetzalcoatl

  Kwas, Mary L., 282

  Leigh, Richard, 336

  Leonard, Phillip M.

  on Anubis Cave inscriptions, 136

  at Anubis Caves, 138, 139, 140,

  157–58

  books written by, 99, 101, 124, 137

  Fell’s falling out with, 124

  in History on the Rocks (film), 159

  on La Junta scripts, 284

  McGlone met by, 137

  Ogham translation confirmed by Fell,

  136–37

  on Ogham writing in America, 123

  photos of, 138, 170

  on Sun Temple dating, 169

  Sun Temple named by, 160

  team organized by, 113

  Le Plongeon, Augustus and Alice, 87–88

  light boxes, 56, 58

  Light Serpent animation

  equinox alignment, 185–86, 187–90, 368

  lunar alignment, 224, 229, 368

  Serpent Mound of Ohio and, 273

  Lilliestrom, Per, 334, 335

  Lincoln, Henry, 336

  linguistic studies, need for, 379

  Little Petroglyph Canyon, 235, 237

  Londhe, Sushama, 240

  Los Lunas Decalogue Stone, 285, 286, 288, 290, 293

  Lost Outpost of Atlantis, 37

  lotus scepter motif, 309–10

  Lugh (Celtic deity), 161, 162, 195–96,

  210–11, 212

  Lughnasa festival, 161–62, 178, 211

  lunar alignments

  at American sites, 223

  of British and Irish monuments, 223

  Light Serpent animation, 224, 229, 368

  lunar standstill, 223

  Metonic cycle, 224

  at Mojave North, 223–30, 368

  MacCana, Proinsias, 210

  Mackenzie, Donald Alexander, 94

  Madoc, 324–26

  Magi or Magu, 208–9

  Mainfort, Robert C., 282

  maize (corn), 308–9

  Malville, J. McKim, 344

  Mandan Indians, 325

  Manier, Charles E., 296–97

  Mankind in Amnesia, 358

  Mann, Charles C., 272, 343, 352

  maps

  Arab, 322, 326–28

  Colorado, 98

  drawn by Columbus, 12

  Great Basin climates, 236

  Roman era, 322

  Marco Polo, 16, 17, 241

  Matlock, Gene D.

  on Indian influences in America,

  244–45, 254, 306

  on kivas and Khiva, Uzbekistan, 252

  on Kokopelli, 254

  May, Wayne

  about, 265–66

  author’s meeting with, 264–65

  on the challenge facing researchers, 264

  collection of, 269, 270

  on Michigan copper mining, 269, 270

  on mound origins, 268, 270

  photo of, 265

  on the Smithsonian cover-up, 266,

  268

  Mayan calendar

  day-signs in, 80, 368

  Indian calendar and, 94

  represented in Chichén Itzá, 91

  solstice-galaxy alignment of 2012 and,

  80–82

  timekeeping systems of, 79, 80

  Mayan civilization

  ancient Indian connection with,

  94–97, 307

  art, 84–86

  astronomy interwoven in, 61–66

  East Asian influences on, 93–94

  Egyptian connection with, 87–88

  origins of, 92–94

  Vision Serpent in, 367–68

  Mayan hand signs, 83–86

  McAlister, Judy, 35

  McColloh, James, 266

  McGlone, William

  Anubis Cave inscription dating by,

  144–45

  at Anubis Caves, 137, 139, 140,

  157–58

  archaeopriests debated by, 123–24

  author’s connection with, 98, 99–100

  author’s introduction to work of, 61, 99

  Barker’s aid to, 126, 127

  books written by, 99, 113, 124

  on Celts’ route in America, 180–81

  at Crack Cave, 128–30, 131

  Fell’s falling out with, 124, 183

  in History on the Rocks (film), 159

  on intention and archaeoastronomical

  validity, 103–4

  on La Junta scripts, 284

  meeting with Brennan wished by, 100

  on Ogham writing in America, 123, 135

  Pathfinder expedition with, 105–16

  photos of, 102, 170

  solar alignment types of, 104

  on Sun Temple dating, 169

  Sun Temple named by, 160

  team organized by, 113

  McKusick, Marshal, 43, 44

  Megalithic Lunar Observatories, 223

  menhirs. See standing stones

  Menzies, Gavin, 314

  Mertz, Henriette, 275–77, 282, 312

&nbs
p; Mesopotamian connections, 329

  metates, 230, 255

  Metonic cycle, 224

  metonic cycles, 259n, 260

  Meyer, Robert, 180

  Michener, James, 21

  Michigan copper mining. See copper

  mining in Michigan

  Michigan Relics, 274–79

  Milky Way alignment of 2012, 80–82

  Minoan connections, 317–18

  Mithra (deity)

  astronomical alignment of, 142

  bull sacrifice for, 141–42

  Christ and, 143–44

  esoteric aspects of worship, 143

  images of, 141–42

  other names for, 140–41

  Perseus constellation and, 157–58

  symbols associated with, 143

  Mojave North

  alphabets recognized at, 190

  animal petroglyphs, 199–200

  Anubis Caves compared to, 262–63

  Anubis-like petroglyph, 199

  Armenia connection with, 219

  ceremonial basins at, 230–32

  conjunction index markers, 224,

  228–29, 260

  cross-quarter days at, 210–16

  damage to, 185

  described, 184–85

  discovery by researchers, 185–86

  dismissed by archaeologists, 184

  double-sun petroglyph, 195

  epigraphy of, 219–22

  Great Basin in relation to, 235

  India connection with, 216–19,

  232–33

  Inscription Panel, 191, 192, 219–22

  Kufic Inscription, 192

  Light Serpent animation, 185–86,

  187–90, 224, 229, 273, 368

  Lugh petroglyph, 195–96, 210, 212

  lunar alignments at, 223–30

  major archaeoastronomical alignments

  (table), 230

  protection needed for, 233, 234

  relatively unknown nature of, 182

  resistance to research at, 233–34

  rocks suited for archaeoastronomy,

  209–10

  Samaritan writing at, 220

  SEA Rock, 201–6, 372

  Shepherd’s Crook petroglyph, 186–87

  Shiva linga at, 216–19, 227

  starlike petroglyphs, 196, 197

  summer solstice sunrise alignment,

  192–94

  Tanith image, 186

  three-sheep panel, 196, 198

  Vinca symbols at, 221, 222

  winged arch petroglyphs, 196, 197

  Monahan, Kean Scott, 122, 159–61, 178

  Monks Mound, Cahokia, 272

  Morehouse, Judy, 170

  Morgan, Edmund S., 10–11, 26

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, 21

  Mound Builders

  archaeological tragedy of, 266, 268

  Brennan on Neolithic mounds, 53,

  55, 58

  debate over origins of mounds, 266–68

  designs in earthworks, 270–71

  enormous size of mounds, 266

  Monks Mound, Cahokia, 272

  Poverty Point mounds, 271

  Serpent Mound of Ohio, 273

  mudras, 84

  mystery glyphs, 364–65

  Mystic Symbol, The, 275, 276

  Nagas (People of the Snake), 244–45

  nakshatra cycles, 259n, 260

 

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