The Victorian City

by Judith Flanders

  Pratt, A. T. Camden, Unknown London: Its Romance and Tragedy (London, Neville Beeman [1897])

  Prime, Samuel Irenæus, Travels in Europe and the East ... (London, Sampson Low, Son, & Co., 1855)

  The Rambler’s Flash Songster ... now singing at Offley’s, Cider Cellars, Coal Hole, &c ... . (first published c.1838; London, W. West [?1865])

  Remarks on the Buildings and Improvements in London, and Elsewhere (Bath, Richard Cruttwell, 1816)

  Raumer, Frederick von, England in 1835: Being a Series of Letters Written to Friends in Germany..., trans. Sarah Austin (London, John Murray, 1836)

  Richardson, Revd J., Recollections ... of the Last Half-century (London, Savill & Edwards, 1855)

  Ritchie, J. Ewing, Days and Nights in London: or, Studies in Black and Gray (London, Tinsley Brothers, 1880)

  Rowlandson, Thomas, Rowlandson’s Characteristic Sketches of the Lower Orders (London, Samuel Leigh, 1820)

  Ryan, Michael, Prostitution in London, with a comparative View of that of Paris and New York ... (London, H. Bailliere, 1839)

  Sala, George Augustus, Gaslight and Daylight, with Some London Scenes They Shine Upon (London, Chapman & Hall, 1859)

  —, Twice Round the Clock: or, The Hours of the Day and Night in London (London, Houlston and Wright [1859])

  —, Looking at Life; or, Thoughts and Things (London, Routledge, Warne, and Routledge, 1860)

  —, The Hats of Humanity, Historically, Humorously and Aesthetically Considered ... (Manchester, James Gee, ‘Hatter’ [?1880])

  [—], ‘Sunday Tea-Gardens’, Household Words, 10, 30 September 1854, pp. 145–8

  [—], ‘Bright Chanticleer’ Household Words, 11, 31 March 1855, pp. 204–9

  Sanger, ‘Lord’ George, Seventy Years a Showman: My Life and Adventures ... (London, C. Arthur Pearson [1908])

  Saturday Review, ‘The Rape of the Glances’, 1 February 1862, pp. 124–5

  Schlesinger, Max, Saunterings in and about London, trans. Otto Wenckstern (first published 1852; London, Nathaniel Cooke, 1853)

  The Servant Girl in London: Showing the Dangers to which Young Country Girls are Exposed ... (London, R. Hastings, 1840)

  Seymour, Robert, Seymour’s Humorous Sketches..., with text by Alfred Crowquill (2nd edn, London, Henry G. Bohn, 1866)

  [Shaw, Donald], London in the Sixties (With a Few Digressions), ‘by one of the Old Brigade’ (London, Everett and Co., 1908)

  Shepherd, Thomas H. [and James Elmes], London and its Environs in the Nineteenth Century, Illustrated by a Series of Views from the Original Drawings by Thomas H. Shepherd, with ... Notes [by James Elmes] (London, Jones & Co., 1829)

  —, [and James Elmes], The World’s Metropolis, or, Mighty London ... (London, published ‘for the Proprietors’ [?1855])

  ‘Silvester, Sir John (d. 1822), Notebook of, containing notes on London criminals; circ. 1812.’ (1) ‘A List of Houses of resort for Footpads & Housebreakers’ ... (2) ‘Numbers of Hackney Coaches’ ... (3) ‘Coach-Masters’ ... (4) ‘Names & Places of Abode of Receivers of Stolen Goods’ ... (5) ‘Men or (sic) Town who have been Transported, Jany. 1812’ ... (6) ‘Short accounts of the careers of Aaron Barrow, receiver ... and Benjamin Farmer al. Solomon ... ’ (British Library, Add MS 47,466)

  ‘Silvester, Sir John (d. 1822), Notebook of, containing notes on the London criminal underworld ... ’ (1) ‘Receivers of Stolen Property’ ... (2) ‘List of Receivers’ ... (3) ‘A List of Houses of resort for Thieves’ ... (4) ‘A List of Cant Words ... with their Meaning’ ... (British Library MS, Egerton 3710)

  [Simond, Louis], Journal of a Tour and Residence in Great Britain during the Years 1810 and 1811 ... (Edinburgh, Archibald Constable and Company, 1815)

  Sinks of London Laid Open: A Pocket Companion for the Uninitiated, to which is added, A Modern Flash Dictionary ... (London, J. Duncombe, 1848)

  Smeeton, George, Doings in London, or, Day and Night Scenes of the Frauds, Frolics, Manners, and Depravities of the Metropolis (Southwark, G. Smeeton [1828])

  Smith, Albert (ed.), Gavarni in London: Sketches of Life and Character (London, David Bogue, 1849)

  Smith, Amy Grinnell, and Mary Ermina Smith, ‘Letters from Europe, 1865–6’, ed. David Sanders Clark (Washington, DC, 1948; typescript in British Library)

  Smith, Charles Manby, Curiosities of London Life: or, Phases, Physiological and Social, of the Great Metropolis (London, William and Frederick G. Cash, 1853)

  —, The Working Man’s Way in the World, ‘Being the Autobiography of a Journeyman Printer’ (London, William and Frederick G. Cash [1853])

  —, The Little World of London (London, Arthur Hall, Virtue and Co., 1857)

  Smith, John Thomas, Ancient Topography of London ... (London, no publisher, 1815)

  —, Vagabondiana; or, Etchings of Remarkable Beggars, Itinerant Traders and other Persons ... in London and its Environs (London, no publisher, 1817)

  —, The Cries of London ... Itinerant Traders of Antient and Modern Times (London, John Bowyer Nichols, 1839)

  —, An Antiquarian Ramble in the Streets of London, ed. Charles Mackay (London, Richard Bentley, 1846)

  Some Olde London Cries & Street Noises of the XV, XVI, XVII, XVIII and XIXth Centuries (London, privately printed, 1908)

  Southey, Robert, Letters from England, ed. Jack Simmons (first published 1807; Gloucester, Alan Sutton, 1984)

  Stewart, Charles, Sketches of Society in Great Britain and Ireland (2nd edn, Philadelphia, Carey, Lea & Blanchard, 1835)

  [Surtees, R. S.], Hints to Railway Travellers and Country Visitors to London, ‘by an Old Stager’ (London, Bradbury and Evans, 1851)

  The Swell’s Night Guide Through the Metropolis, ‘by the Hon F. L. G.’ (London, ‘printed for the author, for private circulation, by Roger Funnyman’ [?1841])

  The Swell’s Night Guide Through the Metropolis, or, A Peep through the Great Metropolis..., ‘by Thelord [sic] Chief Baron’ ([place and publisher cut away], 1846)

  Taine, Hippolyte, Notes on England, trans. W. F. Rae (London, Strahan, 1872)

  Tait’s Edinburgh Magazine, untitled review (anon.) of Herbert Spencer, Railway Morals and Railway Policy, November 1855, pp. 695–6

  Tayler, William, The Diary of William Tayler, Footman, 1837, ed. Dorothy Wise (London, Westminster City Archives, 1998)

  [Thackeray, William Makepeace], ‘Mr Brown’s Letters to a Young Man About Town’, Punch, 18 August 1849, pp. 4, 6

  [Thomas, William Moy], ‘Covent Garden Market’, Household Words, 175, 30 July 1853, pp. 505–11

  Thomson, John, and Adolphe Smith, Victorian London Street Life in Historic Photographs (NY, Dover, 1994; facsimile reprint of Street Life in London (London, Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington [1877]))

  Thornbury, Walter, Haunted London (London, Hurst and Blackett, 1865)

  —, Old and New London, 6 vols (London, Cassell, Petter, & Galpin [?1887–93])

  Thrupp, G. A., The History of Coaches (London, Kerby & Endean, 1877)

  Tilt, Edward John, The Serpentine ‘as it is’ and ‘as it ought to be’ ... (London, John Churchill, 1848)

  Timbs, John, Curiosities of London ... (London, David Bogue, 1855)

  Tinsley, William, Random Recollections of an Old Publisher (London, Simpkin, Marshall, Hamilton, Kent & Co., 1900)

  ‘Titus’ [William Maginn?], ‘The Night Walker’, Blackwood’s Edinburgh Magazine, 14, November 1823, pp. 507–11

  Tristan, Flora, Flora Tristan’s London Journal: A Survey of London Life in the 1830s, trans. Dennis Palmer and Giselle Pincetl (London, George Prior, 1980)

  Tristram, W. Outram, Coaching Days and Coaching Ways (London, Macmillan and Co., 1888)

  Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, What I Remember (London, Richard Bentley, 1887)

  Tuer, Andrew, Old London Street Cries (London, Field & Tuer, 1885)

  Vizetelly, Henry, Glances Back through Seventy Years: Autobiographical and Other Reminiscences (London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1893)

  Wal
ker, Geo. Alfd, Gatherings from Graveyards, Particularly those of London ... (London, Longman, 1839)

  —, The First of a Series of Lectures ... on the Actual condition of the Metropolitan Grave-Yards (London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847); also the Second, Third and Fourth Series (London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans, 1847–9)

  —, The First of a Series ... (2nd edn, London, Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans [sic], 1849)

  ‘Walter’, My Secret Life (first published 1888–94; Ware, Herts, Wordsworth, 1995)

  Ward, Mrs. E. M. [Henrietta Mary Ada], Mrs. E. M. Ward’s Reminiscences, ed. Elliott O’Donnell (London, Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, 1911)

  Ward, Matt. F., English Items: or, Microscopic Views of England and Englishmen (New York, D. Appleton and Co., 1853)

  Weale, John, London Exhibited in 1852 ... (London, John Weale, 1852)

  Weed, Thurlow, Letters from Europe and the West Indies, 1843–1862 (Albany, NY, Weed, Parsons and Co., 1866)

  Wellbeloved, Henry H., London Lions, for Country Cousins and Friends about Town ... (London, William Charlton Wright, 1827)

  The Wellington News (London, E. Appleyard [1852]; British Library shelfmark 1764 E8)

  Wey, Francis, A Frenchman Sees London in the ’Fifties, ‘adapted from the French’ by Valerie Pirie (London, Sidgwick and Jackson, 1935)

  Wheaton, Nathaniel S., A Journal of a Residence during Several Months in London ... in the Years 1823 and 1824 (Hartford, CT, H. & F. J. Huntington, 1830)

  [Wilkinson, Robert], Londina Illustrata: Graphic and Historic Monuments ... (London, Robert Wilkinson [1819])

  [Wills, W. H.], ‘Streetography’, Household Words, 38, 14 December 1850, pp. 275–6

  [Wright, Thomas], Some Habits and Customs of the Working Classes, ‘by a Journeyman Engineer’ (London, Tinsley Brothers, 1867)

  [—], The Great Unwashed, ‘by a Journeyman Engineer’ (London, Tinsley Brothers, 1868)

  Wyon, Leonard, Engraver at the Mint, Journal, 1853–67; British Library Add MS 59,617

  Yates, Edmund, After Office-Hours (London, W. Kent and Co., 1861)

  —, Edmund Yates: His Recollections and Experiences (London, Richard Bentley and Son, 1885)

  Yokel’s Preceptor: or, More Sprees in London! Being a ... Show-up of All the Rigs and Doings of the Flash Cribs in This Great Metropolis ... (London, H. Smith [?1855])

  Secondary sources

  Ackroyd, Peter, London: The Biography (London, Chatto & Windus, 2000)

  Alber, Jan, and Frank Lauterbach, eds, Stones of Law, Bricks of Shame: Narrating Imprisonment in the Victorian Age (Toronto, University of Toronto Press, 2009)

  Allen, Michael, Charles Dickens and the Blacking Factory (St Leonards, Oxford-Stockley Publications, 2011).

  —, Charles Dickens’ Childhood (Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1988)

  Allen, Michelle, Cleansing the City: Sanitary Geographies in Victorian London (Athens, OH, Ohio University Press, 2008)

  Allen, Rick, The Moving Pageant: A Literary Sourcebook on London Street-Life, 1700–1914 (London, Routledge, 1998)

  Altick, Richard, The English Common Reader: A Social History of the Mass Reading Public, 1800–1900 (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1957)

  —, The Presence of the Present: Topics of the Day in the Victorian Novel (Columbus, OH, Ohio State University Press, 1991)

  Anderson, Olive, Suicide in Victorian and Edwardian England (Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1987)

  Andrews, Malcolm, Dickens on England and the English (Hassocks, Harvester Press, 1979)

  Arnold, Dana, Re-Presenting the Metropolis: Architecture, Urban Experience and Social Life in London, 1800–1940 (Aldershot, Ashgate, 2000)

  — (ed.), The Metropolis and its Image: Constructing Identities for London, c.1750–1950 (Oxford, Blackwell, 1999)

  Aycock Metz, Nancy, The Companion to Martin Chuzzlewit (Robertsbridge, Helm Information, 2001

  Ball, Michael, and David Sunderland, An Economic History of London, 1800–1914 (London, Routledge, 2001)

  Banks, J. A., ‘Population Change and the Victorian City’, Victorian Studies, 11: 3, March 1968, pp. 277–89

  —, ‘My Secret Life: Theme and Variations (A Symposium on the Obscenity Case)’, Victorian Studies, 13: 2 (December 1969), pp. 204–15

  Banks, Stephen, A Polite Exchange of Bullets; The Duel and the English Gentleman, 1750–1850 (Woodbridge, Boydell, 2010)

  —, ‘Killing with Courtesy: The English Duellist, 1785–1845’, Journal of British Studies, 47 (2008), pp. 528–58

  —, ‘Very Little Law in the Case: Contests of Honour and the Subversion of the English Criminal Courts, 1780–1845’, King’s Law Journal, 19: 3 (2008), pp. 575–94

  —, ‘Dangerous Friends: The Second and the Later English Duel’, Journal of Eighteenth Century Studies, 32: 1 (2009), pp. 87–106

  Barker, Felix, and Ralph Hyde, London as it Might Have Been (London, John Murray, 1982)

  Barker, T. C., and Michael Robbins, A History of London Transport..., vol. 1: The Nineteenth Century (London, George Allen & Unwin, 1975)

  Barnett, David, London, Hub of the Industrial Revolution: A Revisionary History, 1775–1825 (London, Tauris, 1998)

  Baron, Xavier (ed.), London 1066–1914: Literary Sources and Documents, vol. 2: Regency and Early Victorian London, 1800–1870 (Robertsbridge, Helm Information, 1997)

  Barret-Ducrocq, Françoise, Love in the Time of Victoria: Sexuality, Class and Gender in Nineteenth-Century London, trans. John Howe (London, Verso, 1991)

  Barton, N. J., The Lost Rivers of London (London, Phoenix House, 1962)

  Barty-King, Hugh, New Flame: How Gas Changed the Commercial, Domestic and Industrial Life of Britain ... (Tavistock, Graphmitre, 1984)

  Betjeman, John, Victorian and Edwardian London from Old Photographs (London, Portman, 1987)

  Blackstone, G. V., A History of the British Fire Service (London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1957)

  Blount, Trevor, ‘Dickens’s Slum Satire in Bleak House’, Modern Language Review, 60 (July 1965), pp. 340–51

  Briggs, Asa, ‘The Victorian City: Quantity and Quality’, Victorian Studies, 11, Supplement (Summer 1968), pp. 711–30

  Brimblecombe, Peter, The Big Smoke: A History of Air Pollution in London Since Medieval Times (London, Methuen, 1987)

  Brundage, Anthony, England’s ‘Prussian Minister’: Edwin Chadwick and the Politics of Government Growth, 1832–1854 (University Park, PA, Pennsylvania State University Press, 1988)

  Burke, Thomas, Travel in England, from Pilgrim and Pack-Horse to Light Car and Plane (London, T. Batsford, 1942)

  Bynum, W. F., and Roy Porter, Living and Dying in London, Medical History, Supplement No. 11 (London, Wellcome Institute, 1991)

  Cameron, David Kerr, The English Fair (Stroud, Sutton, 1998)

  Chadwick, George F., The Park and the Town: Public Landscape in the 19th and 20th Centuries (London, Architectural Press, 1966)

  Chalklin, C. W., ‘The Reconstruction of London’s Prisons, 1770–1779: An Aspect of the Growth of Georgian London’, London Journal, 9: 1 (1983), pp. 21–34

  Chancellor, E. Beresford, The Squares of London, Topographical and Historical (London, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., 1907)

  —, The London of Charles Dickens: being an account of the haunts of his characters and the topographical setting of his novels (London, Grant Richards, 1924)

  —, Lost London: Being a description of Landmarks which have disappeared pictured by J. Crowther circa 1879–87 ... (London, Constable, 1926)

  —, Disappearing London, ed. Geoffrey Holme (London, ‘The Studio’, 1927)

  —, London’s Old Latin Quarter, Being an Account of Tottenham Court Road and its Immediate Surroundings (London, Jonathan Cape, [1930])

  Chandler, James, and Kevin Gilmartin (eds), Romantic Metropolis: The Urban Scene of British Culture, 1780–1840 (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2005)

  Chittick, Kathryn, Dickens and the 1830s (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press,
1990)

  Choi, Tina Young, ‘Writing the Victorian City: Discourses of Risk, Connection and Inevitability’, in Victorian Studies, 42: 4 (2001), pp. 561–89

  Clark, Cumberland, Dickens’ London. A Lantern Lecture (London, Wass, Pritchard, 1923)

  Clayton, Anthony, Subterranean City: Beneath the Streets of London (London, Historical Publications, 2000)

  Cocks, H. G., Nameless Offences: Homosexual Desire in the Nineteenth Century (London, I. B. Tauris, 2003)

  Cohen, William A., and Ryan Johnson (eds), Filth: Dirt, Disgust and Modern Life (Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 2005)

  Collins, Philip, Dickens and Crime (3rd edn, Basingstoke, Macmillan, 1994)

  —, ‘Trollope’s London’, The H. J. Dyos Memorial lecture, May 1982 (Leicester, Victorian Studies Centre, University of Leicester, 1982)

  Conway, Hazel, People’s Parks: The Design and Development of Victorian Parks in Britain (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991)

  Cotsell, Michael, The Companion to Our Mutual Friend (London, Allen & Unwin, 1986)

  Creaton, Heather, ed., Victorian Diaries: The Daily Lives of Victorian Men and Women (London, Mitchell Beazley, 2001)

  Creighton, Charles, A History of Epidemics in Britain, vol. 2, From the Extinction of the Plague to the Present Time (first published 1891–4; London, Frank Cass, 1965)

  Crook, J. Mordaunt, London’s Arcadia: John Nash and the Planning of Regent’s Park, Fifth Annual Soane Lecture ([n.p., no publisher] 2000)

  Crowther, M. A., The Workhouse System, 1834–1929: The History of an English Social Institution (London, Batsford Academic and Educational, 1981)

  Cunnington, Phillis, and Catherine Lucas, Occupational Costume in England, from the Eleventh Century to 1914 (London, Adam & Charles Black, 1967)

  Dart, Gregory, ‘“Flash Style”: Pierce Egan and Literary London, 1820–28’, History Workshop Journal, 51 (Spring 2001), pp. 180–205

  Daunton, M. J., House and Home in the Victorian City: Working-Class Housing 1850–1914 (London, Edward Arnold, 1983)

  Davis, Graham, The Irish in Britain, 1815–1914 (Dublin, Gill and Macmillan, 1991)

  Davis, Terence, The Architecture of John Nash (London, Studio, 1960)