The Bloodless Revolution
Page 69
Montmorency, Comte de 271
Moor, Edward 391
Moore, John: Moses Revived 107
moral philosophy xx, xxii, xxiii
moral-sense philosophers 137,
177, 197, 556n
Newton and 98, 100–102, 105
More, Henry 89–90, 92, 94, 134, 281, 285
More, Sir Thomas: Utopia 47, 403
Morgan, Thomas 169
Morton, Timothy 381, 392
Moseley, Benjamin 343, 388
Moses 33, 43, 65, 75, 100, 105, 109, 111–2, 278
Mosaic law 13, 21, 106, 109, 120
as vegetarian 43, 61
Muggleton, Lodowicke 17
Muggletonians 19
Mughals 49–50, 56, 57, 58, 67, 264–6, 276
Müller, Jens Peter 439
Mungo, St 249
Murray, Lady 168
mutual aid 430–33
Mysore wars 348
Nairism 373, 374
Nares, Robert 367, 369
Nash, Richard ‘Beau’ 168
Nashe, Thomas: Lenten Stuffe 152
nature: vs culture 253–4, 299, 393–4, 399, 421, 566n
see also biodiversity
custom
ecology
harmony
Hobbes, war in nature
natural law xxii–xxiii, 106 119–21, 123, 126, 137–9, 148, 197–8, 296, 300, 338, 346, 390
see also providentialism
natural religion 65, 100, 532n
Natural Philosophy xxi–xxiii, xxiv, 140, 154
healthiness of vegetarianism indicates man’s natural diet xxii–xxiii, 123, 136, 144, 148–9, 158, 160, 173–4, 202, 233–5, 248–9, 255
see also anatomy
empiricism
Nebuchadnezzar 153, 168, 370, 533n
Nazism 434–44
Neoplatonism 42, 48, 65, 70, 75, 120, 125, 265, 323
see also syncretism
Platonists
nervous disorders 228, 241, 333, 570–1n
Cheyne’s cure for 166–7, 170–73, 178, 182–4, 187, 193
nervous sensibility 170–72, 177–8, 181, 186, 192–3, 203
nerves xxii, 159, 195, 197–8, 201, 217, 221, 300, 381
see also sensibility
New Model Army 26
Newgate Prison 337, 339–42, 361
Newman, Dorman 63
Newton, Cornelia 373
Newton, Humphrey 98
Newton, Sir Isaac 64, 97–114, 111, 160, 227, 230, 377
Cheyne and 165, 170
Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended 102–4, 105, 292
dietary habits 98–9, 113–14
‘Irenicum’ 103, 110–11
on mercy to beasts xx, 99–100, 102–6, 108, 109, 112, 120
Philosophical Origins of Gentile Theology 101, 103
Principia Mathematica 112
scientific discoveries 97–8, 105, 112, 156, 171–2
theology 101–4
Newton, John Frank 386, 400, 428
and Bracknell vegetarians 372–82, 388, 391–2, 399
on Malthus 411
The Return to Nature 372, 376
Three Enigmas 377
Newton, Richard 345–6, 345
Nicholas, Sir Harris: ‘The Pythagorean Critic’ 369
Nichols, Ashton 358
Nicholson, George 215, 342, 342, 362, 388, 392, 405
On Food 342
Niclaes, Hendrik 24–5
Noah 101, 102, 291–2, 377, 400, 545n
antediluvian 6–7, 10–12, 43, 65, 174, 551n
Noah’s Flood xviii, 10, 32, 46, 61, 82, 85, 160
seven Noachic laws 103, 105–6, 112, 292
see also meat
Nobili, Roberto de 259–62, 260, 268, 391
Norwood, Captain Robert 30, 38
nudism xxv, 11, 17, 18, 68, 69, 236, 254, 322, 372–3, 436–7
nutrient deficiency diseases 231–5
nutrition xxii, 227, 231, 244, 401
see also meat
vegetables
obesity 163, 228, 240
Odoric of Pordenone 51
Oerlemans, Onno 393–4
Oglethorpe, Gen. James 254
Oliphant, Charles 165
omnivorousness xxiii, 147, 195, 202, 571n, 572n
Onesicritus 40–41
Orientalism xxiv, 48–9, 70, 120, 125, 210, 260–1, 280, 290, 391, 523n, 583n
projection 40, 53–4, 70, 112, 523n
Origen 76, 93–5, 151
Origenists 281
Orpheus 82, 119, 125, 265–6, 318, 391–2
Orta, Garcia d’ 84
Oswald, John xxv, 295–313, 302, 331, 337, 347, 367, 369, 403
The Almanach of Goodman Gérard 303
The Cry of Nature 219–20, 298, 301, 325, 343–4, 344, 598n
The Humours of John Bull 306
publications 215, 306, 341, 589n
travels 295, 350
and Valady 319–20
view of Hinduism 296, 338
overindulgence xxii, 4, 63
Overton, Richard 29
Ovid 264
Metamorphoses 10–11, 66, 87, 198, 216–18, 221, 577n
Ovington, John 58, 133, 145, 552n;
Voyage to Suratt 119
Owen, Robert 351
Owenson, Sydney: The Missionary 391
pacifism 20–21, 25, 32, 67–8, 70, 380, 429
see also ahimsa
paganism 112–13, 114, 125
vegetarian 109, 110, 112, 261
Pagès, François Xavier: The Secret History of the French Revolution 325
Pagès, Pierre Marie François de: Travels Round the World 390
Paine, Thomas 308, 314, 339, 347, 350
Oswald and 297–8, 306, 312
The Rights of Man 299, 324
Paley, Revd William 386, 400–402, 405, 408
Palladius, Bishop of Helenopolis 43–4, 55, 68, 250
pantheism 24, 36, 64, 68, 126, 127, 299, 331, 519n, 520n, 549n, 596n
Paradise xvii–xx, xxiii, xxv–xxvi, 3, 8–12, 14, 15, 19–20, 22, 25, 32, 43, 45–6, 48, 58, 67, 78, 81–6, 94, 121–2, 142, 209–10, 238, 324, 340, 373, 374, 377, 389–90, 394–5: see also Adam and Eve
Golden Age
Paracelsus 84, 565n
Parkinson, John 81
Parliament, British 27, 307, 343–4, 354
Parr, Thomas 159
Parroy, Comte de 315
Parsis 263
Patriot François, Le 316
Paul, St 20, 34
Peacock, Thomas Love 373, 374, 391, 395, 402
Pepys, Samuel 81, 83
Père Duchesne 303
Perry, Sampson 341
Pétion, Jérôme 329
Pettus, Sir John 9
Philadelphian Society 36, 530n
Philostratus 41, 65, 109, 113, 125
physiology, human xxi–xxii
(iatro)chemical 157, 161, 560n
(iatro)mathematical 156, 166, 171, 233
(iatro)mechanical xxiii, 131–2, 135–7, 155–7, 159, 161, 166–7, 171, 173, 178, 221, 227–8, 232, 288, 556n, 559–61n
see also anatomy
Picot, Abbé Claude 135
Pigott, Charles: Political Dictionary 341
Pigott, Robert 316–21, 323, 331, 341
Pillai, A. Muttusami 262
Pillai, Ananda Ranga 271–2
Pindar, Peter (John Wolcot) 219, 342, 384
Pitcairne, Archibald 156–7, 159, 166, 228, 232, 238, 239, 562n
Plato 41, 55, 76, 84, 89, 92, 278, 291, 299, 325, 402
Platonists 89, 94
Pletho, George Gemistos 92
Plotinus 42, 76
Plutarch 186, 196, 206, 217, 238, 264, 300, 324, 438, 577n
‘On the Eating of Flesh’ 141–2
Pococke, Edward 550n, 554n
Polak, Henry 426
Polier, Col. Antoine 286
politics: Left and Right 419–20, 434–5
see also radicalism
/> Polo Marco 44–5, 45, 51, 92, 124
Poor Laws 407
Pope, Alexander 106, 215, 217–20
and Cheyne 163, 164, 178
An Essay on Man 215, 218, 354
happy lamb of 218–19, 300
population 301, 406–12
control of 407–8, 410, 413–14
growth xxv, 251, 351, 400–402, 407–8, 411
Pordage, Dr John 36, 61, 74, 518n, 530n
Porphyry 42, 113, 238, 250, 324, 403, 529n, 552n, 598n
On Abstinence from Animal Food 42, 323–4, 592n
Port–Royal 154
Portas, Maximiani, see Savitri–Devi
Postel, Guillaume 110, 124, 551n
Pratt, Samuel Jackson 223
Humanity 223
predation 389–90, 416
Buffon’s ecological defence of 359, 381, 408, 413–14
Malthus on 408
Ritson on 363, 364–5, 370, 386
Shelley on 385–6, 396
pre-existence 90, 94, 180, 281
see also reincarnation
Preformation 89, 180
prelapsarianism xix–xx, xxv, 8–12, 15, 19–20, 25, 32–3, 37, 39, 66–8, 77–8, 81–4, 121, 160, 169, 202, 210, 217, 237–8, 250, 324, 340, 374, 389, 434, 542–3n
Prester John 49
Priestley, Joseph 278, 288
Primatt, Humphry 388
primitive and primitivism 17, 36, 57–8, 84, 88, 104, 108, 169, 195, 208, 213, 292, 307, 375, 393, 415, 421
Monboddo’s 251–5 prisci theologi 48, 65, 75, 111, 120, 548n
Proctor, Robert 440
Protestantism 9, 152–3, 263
providentialism: retaliation against meat eating embedded in the physical laws of nature 75–6, 32, 126, 176–8, 184, 186, 189–91, 218, 249, 251, 285–6, 333, 530n, 537–8n, 542–3n, 581n
Pufendorf, Samuel von 149, 196, 403
The Law of Nature and Nations 133–4
Punch 423
Purchas, Samuel 54, 68, 109, 119
Puritanism xx, 14, 19, 39, 67–8, 79
Pyrard, François 232
Pyrrho 524n
Pythagoras 88, 127, 217, 335
Cocchi on 228–30
dietary advice 5, 11, 237, 238
and India 41–2, 48, 54–5, 65, 70, 110–12, 211, 265, 268, 278, 291, 527–8nn
philosophical sources 55, 84, 92, 112
Tryon on 69–71, 75
Pythagoreans 68, 76, 151, 236, 270, 335
dress 317
masonic 229–30
vegetarianism 5, 13, 53–4, 74, 82, 109, 111, 126, 140
Quakers 16, 17, 32, 35–6, 67–8, 93
radicalism 337–9, 371, 406
17th-century 26–38
18th-century 331–46
19th-century 398
religious 16–25
revolutionaries 297–316, 320–21, 361–2, 379
Romantic 373
Ramsay, Chevalier Andrew Michael 180, 250, 281
Ramsay, John 244–6, 247, 248
Rancé, Armand–Jean de 153
Rance, John 36
Ranters 16, 18, 21, 36, 64
Rao, Humund 273
Rao, Ragunath, Peshwar of Maratha 273, 274
Ratanji, Manuar 273
Rationals 35–6, 61
Raubal, Geli 438
raw food 80, 81, 143, 233, 332, 376, 418, 427, 436, 439–40
Ray, John: Historia Plantarum 147
Raynal, Abbé Guillaume-Thomas 283
Reclus, Jean-Jacques Élisée 431, 433–4
Rees, Abraham: Cyclopædia 414
Reeve, John 20, 31, 34, 36
Reformation 9, 152
reincarnation 15, 41–2, 54, 56, 88, 111, 126, 151, 180, 228, 248, 283, 286, 290, 353, 358–9, 546n, 579n
Margaret Cavendish’s theory of 538n, 542–3n
Anne Conway’s theory of 94–5
Cheyne’s theory of 179–80, 217
Epicurean materialist adaptation of 126–7, 353, 358–60, 538n, 554n, 577n
of fallen angels 281–2
in Hinduism 53–6, 76, 145, 261, 268, 279, 287, 292, 296
kabbalist gilgul 76, 89–96, 340
Pythagorean and Hindu vegetarianism not motivated by 76, 228–9, 261–2, 268–70, 280, 290, 353, 537n, 577n
Reincarnationists 92, 95, 281, 282
Tryon’s adaptation of 76–7, 95, 542–3n
religious radicals and 68, 126
religion xx, xxiv, 7, 100–101, 363
original 102, 104–5, 108–13, 291–2, 294
religious intolerance 67
see also under individual religions
Renaissance 13, 46, 48, 65
republicanism 15–16, 26, 44, 78, 81, 197, 208, 297, 299, 303, 306–16, 320–1, 327–30, 331, 335, 337–41, 343–4, 361–2, 364–5, 367, 370, 395
Restoration England 37–8, 60, 63, 79
Reynolds, John 123
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 273, 284
Richardson, Samuel xxiv, 116, 163, 168, 181–93, 576n
Clarissa and Pamela 181, 186–92, 203, 204, 205, 570n
Sir Charles Grandison 192
Richter, Jean Paul 213
Rickman, Thomas 297, 351
Ridderus, Franciscus 68
Ridgway, James 341
Ritson, Joseph 316, 341, 361–91, 366, 397, 405, 597–8n
Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food 362, 363, 365–7, 380
Shelley and 380, 381, 382, 386
Southey on 336
vegetarian anthology 215, 251, 390, 598n
Roach, Richard 36
Robertson, Hon. Alexander 168
Robertson, William 391
Robespierre, Maximilien 308, 309, 327–9, 338, 350
Robins, John 15–23, 30, 33, 38, 68, 367
Robinson, Bruce: Withnail & I xvii
Roe, Sir Thomas 54, 55, 112, 145, 264
Roe, William 107
Rogerius, Abraham 125, 145, 213
Open Door 55, 69, 109
Roland, Jean-Marie 328
Roland, Madame 316, 317, 328
Romans 10, 303
Romanticism xxiv, 253, 360, 371, 375, 390, 412
Böhme and 36
German 213
Orientalism 210
poets 380
Rousseau and 194
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 427
Rosenroth, Knorr von 12, 90
Rosicrucians 11, 135
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques xxv, 194–208, 211–13, 250, 253–4, 289, 342, 438
animal rights theory xxiv, 137, 197–9, 224, 298, 310
agriculture 204
Boswell’s letter to 252
Confessions 195, 207
Discourse on Inequality 195–7, 199, 200, 203–5, 221, 253, 298, 301–3, 356, 393, 399
Émile 202, 203, 205, 208, 227, 319, 331, 407
First Discourse 194
Julie 202–5, 304, 390
revolutionaries and 320
social evolution theory 399
on sympathy 197, 204, 206–7, 214, 298, 419, 433
Rowlandson, Thomas 304
Royal Society 12, 79, 82, 83, 85, 97, 140, 146
Rust, George 93
Rustichello 44
sacrifice of animals 9, 50, 90, 103, 106, 125–6, 292, 323, 363, 525n, 540–1n, 544n, 570n, 591–2n, 598n
in Judaism 109, 120, 122
justified by animal ascending chain of being 90, 95, 179, 217, 279
Sade, Marquis de: Eugénie de Franval 208
Said, Edward 280
St Clair, Harry 248
Saint-Pierre, Jacques-Henri Bernardin de 208–13, 250, 317–18, 320, 321, 404
La Chaumière Indienne 210
Études de la Nature 210, 212, 317, 318
Harmonies de la Nature 210
Paul et Virginie 208–10, 209, 212, 297, 317, 390
Sakuntala: see Kalidasa
salad 80–83, 135, 153, 187, 344
Sales, Delisle de 202
Salt, Henry 428, 429, 431,
434
Plea for Vegetarianism 425, 428
Salter, George 36
Sandys, George 10–11, 66–7, 119
sans-culottes 303–4, 327, 341, 343
satire 161, 192, 402, 424
cartoons 344–5, 345, 346, 365, 366, 369–70
of Cheyne 163–4, 168, 169
of Crab 29–31
of sensibility 193, 219 Saunders, Thomas 272
Savitri-Devi 443–4
Sayers, James 305, 365, 366, 369–70
John Bull’s Sacrifice 305
Schiebinger, Londa 196
Schlosser, Friedrich 283
Schopenhauer, Arthur 357
Scotland 236, 239–55
Enlightenment in 242
Scott, Sarah: Millenium Hall 223–4
Scott, Sir Walter 361, 367, 370
The Antiquary 370
St Ronan’s Well 370
scurvy 172, 173, 231–5, 243
seaweed 212
Seder Olam (Anon.) 95
Selden, John 103, 112
Selss, Gustav 436
Semple, Dugald 434
Senac, Jean-Baptiste 233–4
Seneca 144, 217, 218
sensibility and sentimentalism 170–1, 178, 332, 442, 594n
counter-vegetarian 215–20, 223–6
effeminate 136, 189, 204, 219, 223–5, 269
literary 171, 181, 186, 193, 203, 300
to nature 380
opponents of 359, 362, 371
Seventh Day Adventists 439
Seward, Anna 223
Shackleton, Mary 273
Shaftesbury, 3rd Earl of 137, 197
Shah Jahan, Emperor 265
Shakers 16–17, 18, 20–22
Shakespeare, William: Twelfth Night 39
Shantichandra 265
Sharp, Granville 321
Shaw, George Bernard 423, 425, 431, 439
Shelley, Mary 324, 341, 374, 385, 392, 397–8
Frankenstein 374–5, 591n
Shelley, Percy Bysshe xxv, 28, 219, 322, 323, 372–400, 403, 425
Alastor 392
on class oppression 405–6
influences on 64, 324, 341
and James Henry Lawrence 373–4
and William Lawrence 374–5, 414–5, 417
and Malthus 407, 410–12
‘Mazenghi/Marenghi’ 392–3, 396
‘Ode to the West Wind’ 393 – 4, 398
‘On the Vegetable System of Diet’ 382
Prometheus Unbound 395–7, 399, 428
Queen Mab 374, 383–5, 388–91, 393, 396
The Revolt of Islam/Laon and Cythna 394–5, 423
‘The Sensitive Plant’ 357
Vindication of Natural Diet 374, 379, 380, 384, 392, 396, 425
Shuttleton, David 188
Sinclair, Sir John 244, 402, 602n
Singer, Peter 356, 445
Sinner, Johann Rudolph 283
Siraj-ud-Daula, Nawab of Bengal 276
Slare, Dr Francis 230
slavery 60, 299, 321, 338, 343, 422, 428