Bismarck: A Life
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As part of ‘camarilla’ that engineers Bismarck’s fall 425, 428
As master of all the aspects of foreign policy with no other life 427
Waldersee suspicious of 428
Warns Eulenburg about Herbert 429
Tells Eulenburg that Herbert disillusioned with Prince William 437–8
Advises Herbert before Crown Council of 24 January 1890 442
Warns of Bismarck’s irritability ‘sign of old age 445
Meets Caprivi and Marschall to discuss Reinsurance Treaty 450
Herbert attacks for showing text to Caprivi 450
On Hohenlohe’s inability to make people fear him 459
On vindictiveness of Johanna 469
Immediatstellung (the right, generally granted to senior officers in Prussian army to ask an audience of the King as their commander) 73, 159, 474
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig (1778–1852), father of a gymnastics method
Bismarck miserable at a school run by his disciples 33
Jörg, Edmund (1819–1901), Bavarian Centre Politician
Explains that Centre always resisted the name ‘Catholic’ to attract Hanoverians 303
Kanitz, Hans Count von (1841–1913)
Reads William Jennings Bryan’s ‘Cross of Gold’ speech into Herrenhaus record 332
Kardorff, Wilhelm von (1828–1907), industrialist, a founder of Bismarck’s Reich Party, and advocate of tariffs
Startled by Bismarck’s confession of protectionist views (1876) 365–6
Writes Bismarck ill because of Herbert marriage crisis 410
Károlyi von Nagykároly, Alajos Count (1825–89), Austrian Ambassador to Prussia
Bismarck offers deal to in December 1862 190
Keudell, Robert von (1824–1903), Bismarck aide and diarist, 471
Bismarck tells Keudell the horrors of his school 33
Bismarck describes his childhood at Kniephof 37
Collects stories of the ‘Mad Junker’ 53–4
Asks Moritz about Bismarck’s schooldays and abilities 54
Claims credit for the idea to hire Bucher 206–07
On staff and travels with Bismarck during Franco-Prussian war 294
Describes a clash between Moltke and Bismarck and the swollen foot that follows 297
Odo Russell describes how he plays piano divinely 299
Prince Luitpold ask if title of Emperor would be welcome to Bismarck 304
Elected to Reichstag in 1871 as Reich Party conservative 315
Kleist, Adolf Count von (1793–1866), Judge of the Supreme Court of Appeals
Furious letter to Hans Kleist (9 November 1862) that rumours of compromise now circulating 186
Kleist-Retzow, Hans Hugo von (1814–92), ‘little Hans’, Bismarck’s friend 94, 147, 185, 193, 337, 343
Referendar in Gerlach’s court in Frankfurt/Oder and belongs to circle 59
Meets Bismarck (1844) at Moritz’s wedding, each told the other deaf 60
Biography, background, and education of 61
Joins Bismarck and Moritz in mourning Marie 64
Writes Gerlach (1861) to mourn the death of Stahl, ‘who was the House of Lords’ 81
Best man at wedding of Bismarck, toasts him as future ‘Otto the Great’ 83
Gerlachs and his fellow Christians never Bismarck’s ‘party’ 84
Becomes Godfather to Marie, Bismarck’s first child 94
Camarilla considers him as minister in Brandenburg cabinet (1848) 96
Makes Bismarck say morning prayers (1849) and gets him up early 102
Drags Bismarck to Lutheran Churches whereas Bismarck likes incense and good choirs 103
Bismarcks eats all the wurst, feels bad and leaves Hans the ham 105
Bismarck worries that had not slept in the flat for five nights 108
Bismarck confesses to (1851) inability to control his sexual urges 115, 469
Engaged to very devout Countess Marie von Stolberg-Wenigerode, unbelievably happy 115
22 September 1862 reassures Gerlach that Bismarck has not abandoned cathecism 180
Selects verse from Revelations 2:27 about smiting the nations with ‘rod of iron’ 209
Drafts the address to the Throne from Lords approving King’s course in 1863 conflict 209
Defends Bismarck against Gerlach and Adolf Kleist (1866) on Christian grounds 242
Long memo on leaked Speech from the Throne and indemnity to Bismarck 259
Bismarck furious with Hans, mocking tone ‘little fellows’ 260
Bismarck threatened to arrest for not disclosing leaked speech 260–1, 467
Bismarck breaks with and his former patron Gerlach 280
Disgusted that ‘Jew Lasker’ prepares draft of motion on Empire 305
On 5 March 1872, Bismarck threatens with a knife and declares friendship over 324
Refuses to sign declaration on Kreuzzeitung against Bismarck (1876) 344
Accuses SPD of treason in House speech (1878) 374
Prussian House of Lords gives a place to apply disproportionate leverage 474
Sees Bismarck (1891), saddened by absence of grace before and after meals 455
Koch, Richard (1882–1949), doctor and historian of medicine
Student of Bismarck’s doctor, Ernst Schweninger and comments on 414–15
Kreuzzeitung (Neue Preussische Zeitung) 59, 93, 105, 116, 158, 185, 207, 242, 260, 315, 319, 368, 399
Appears 1 July 1848 and Bernhard von Bismarck explains how 92–3
Gerlach writes his ‘Review’ on monthly basis in 93
Bindlewald (2 May, 1866) begs Gerlach to write against universal suffrage in Bismarck’s plan and Gerlach does 242–3
26 February 1876, Deklaranten, 400
Conservatives, sign declaration defending the Kreuzzeitung and renew their subscriptions 344
Kulturkampf [‘culture war: the battle waged between secular state and Roman Catholic Church during second half of nineteenth century 275–6, 317, 318–19, 320, 321 325, 334–5, 348, 375, 377, 396, 412
Mühler explains Bismarck’s pursuit of because of anti-clerical materialism 320
Swiss cooperate with Bismarck in pursuit of 333
Lasker, Eduard (1829–84), Liberal member of the Prussian and Reich parliaments 206, 377
Lasker defeats Roon (1866) for a seat in the new North German parliament 269
Bismarck annoyed that Delbrück consults as Jew 272
Hans von Kleist objects that Jew Lasker should write the address to the King on assumption of imperial title 305
Defends state school inspectors against Conservatives in Landtag 322
Lasker tells Hohenlohe that Bismarck is too much of a ‘demon’ to step down 336
Bismarck asks Hildegard Spitzemberg (1877) ‘to arrange the murder of’ 357
Defends (1878) constituional rights of Socialists against Bismark 374–5
Defends ‘freedom of speech’ for parliament 378
Bismarck enraged attack (May 1879) on ‘property-less’ Liberals 379
Five cabinet ministers want to attend funeral—Bismarck: certainly not’ 401, 468
Bismarck uses anti-semitic agitation to separate Liberals from Jewish leaders 476
Bismarck rejects message of condolence (1884) from US House of Representatives 477
Leo XIII (1810–1903) (Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi Pecci)
Biography and assessment of 348
Willingness to make peace with Germany 376
German Bishops Conference (9 February, 1887) supports Windthorst against 422
Lieber, Ernst Maria (1838–1902), Centre Party Deputy and then Leader of the Party 303
Lippe-Biesterfeld-Weißenfeld, Leopold Count zur (1815–89) 260, 262, 338
Bismarck’s opinion of and dismissal as Prussian Minister of Justice 190
Loftus, Lord Augustus William Frederick Spencer (1817–1904), Ambassador to Prussia 237, 287
Describes Prussian court as most hospitable and generous in Europe 237
Spends night before Austro-Prussian war in Bismarck’s garden 249
Lucius von Ballhausen, Robert Freiherr (1835–1914), Prussian Minister of Agriculture 433
Records Bismarck’s growing ‘morbid irritability … thoughts of revenge’ 11
Bennigsen tells that need for money will force Bismarck to include party in government 363
Bismarck declares that socialists ought not to have vote 375
Assesses Roon as true Prussian 379
Describes the humiliation of Friedenthal and his own promotion 384–5
Bismarck addresses Prussian cabinet on Austrian Treaty, all are ‘enthralled’ 387
Lucius calls Lasker ‘one of the most popular politicians of the new Reich’ 400
Bismarck claims to be unable to stop ‘Jew Hunt’ 402
Failure of church bill (1880) ‘entirely Bismarck’s fault’ 405
Visits Bismarck (1881) finds him ‘old and doddery’ 410
Notes that Bismarck’s doctor, Struck, resigned, imitating his patient 410
5 March 1882: Bismarck again unwell, everything drifts 412
Bismarck (1882) ‘acts too hastily under angry impulses and listens to no advice’ 413
Describes the January 1890 cabinet crisis with Kaiser and Bismarck 443
Attends 23 March 1890 farewell dinner and records Johanna’s loud complaints 451
Closes diary as crowd sings Wacht am Rhein as Bismarck’s train pulls out 452
Luitpold Karl Joseph Wilhelm von Bavaria (1821–1912), Prince Regent (1888–1912) 295, 304
Approaches Keudell to sound out Bismarck’s reaction to imperial title, and Bismarck pays him secret pension for life for it 304
Herbert Bismarck insists on precedence at dinner for 409
Mallinckrodt, Hermann von (1821–1974), Catholic Lawyer 303
Defends Windthorst as a ‘pearl’ 323
Manteuffel, Edwin von (1809–85), Prussian General, Head of King’s Military Cabinet
Refuses (1862) to give Bismarck a title of major 19
Schiller the poet of the soldiers and of Manteuffel 44
Bismarck (1857) complains to General von Gerlach about 164–5
Ranke calls him the best pupil he ever had 162
Biography and background, his importance 162
Becomes chief of Military Cabinet (1857) 162–3
Starts the Hobbesian war of all inside army 163–4
Urges Roon to decisive action in Konfliktzeit 164–5
Dismisses complaints of Minister-President Auerswald 167
Fights duel with Liberal deputy Karl Twesten 167
King in despair about court-martial of 168
Writes to Roon that ‘bloody heads’ will improve election results 170
Seeks confrontation with Liberals in parliament 171–2
Stosch writes that he controls events 180–1
Encourages King to reject compromise (1862) 186
Stiffens King’s resistance to compromise with Austria (1865) 227–8
Appointed (1865) Military Governor of Schleswig 234
Attends Crown Council (1866) 237
Lets Austrians withdraw with full military honours 247–8
Bismarck uses Schiller to influence him 248
Bismarcks complains about inaction in 1866 250
As brutal commandant of occupied Frankfurt 256
As progressive Viceroy in Alsace 164
Manteuffel, Otto Freiherr von (1805–82), Prussian Minister-President,
Count Brandenburg cites (1848) as the only minister he knows 96
Radowitz and struggle for the control of King (1850) 105
Signs Punctation of Olmütz (29 November 1850) 107
Hans von Kleist asks about his and Bismarck’s futures (April 1851) 109
Appoints Bismarck ambassador to the Bund 110
Bismarck jokes about empty dispatches to 116
Bismarck systematically betrays Manteuffel 118, 428
Enemies of Manteuffel threaten Bismarck 119
Bismarck reports (1852) on ‘Jew Clique’ who run Austria under Bach 123
Urges to act forcefully against Austria (1854) 124
In crisis with Austria 126–8
No longer useful to Prince Regent and resigns (1858) 134, 138
Loss of Manteuffel disastrous for Bismarck 146, 155
Marwitz, Alexander von der (1787–1814), younger brother of Ludwig
‘All the signs of a brilliant romatic’ 23
May have carried Gentz’s translation of Burke to his brother 23–4
Marwitz, Friedrich August Ludwig von der (1777–1837), Prussian General and intellectual of the extreme conservative wing of Prussian country gentry
Liberal reforms end by creating den Judenstaat (Jew State) 388, 476
Burkean conservative but more rigid 23
Attack on Stein and Prussian reform in Burkean language 24
Organizes the local landlords into a protest movement and goes to jail 24–5
Dismisses children of bourgeoisie as officer material because they are common 25
Noble estates become commodities and Marwitz fears realized 73
Maybach, Albert von, Prussian Minister of Trade 442
Mencken, Anastasius Ludwig (1752–1801), Bismarck’s grandfather, senior civil servant
Background and service under Frederick II 30
Named (1797) as Cabinet Chief 31
Gentz describes his post as very important 31
Mencken’s credo for a government official 31
Death of on 5 August 1801 32
Freiherr vom Stein on his excellent character 32
Mensdorff-Pouilly, Alexander Count (1813–71), Prince Dietrichstein zu Nikolsburg, Austrian Foreign Minister (1864–66) 233, 238, 245–6, 249
Dashing cavalry general with no diplomatic experience 226
Mermillod, Gaspar (1824–92), Bishop and Apostolic Vicar to Canton Geneva
Expelled by government of Canton 17 February 1873 333
Moltke, Helmuth Karl Bernhard Count von (1800–91), Prussian Field Marshall 162
Not a committed reader of Schiller 44
23 October 1857: appointed Chief of the General Staff and biography 135–6, 245–6
Service in Turkish army makes him unique in skills and fame 136
Adjutant to three members of royal family and advances career 137
Famous for his cool temperament in crisis, and adored by staff 137–8
1859 mobilization fails and orders reorganisation of General Staff 154
Manteuffel closer physically to King than and effect on decisions 163
Centralised command and control of 1866 and 1870 never recurs 164
The one general whom Bismarck never outmanoeuvred 184
Concedes that three-year service not necessary 185–6
Insists with Roon in 1864 on need for Prussian military success 217
Draws tactical lesson from Prussian reverses in Danish War 234–5
Decides in 1866 that Austrians had not yet mobilized 237
Reassures Roon that Prussian mobilization much faster than Austrian 239–40
26 May 1866 attends grand War Council 244–5
Moltke expects Benedek to ‘come quickly, dealing blows left and right’ 249–50
Trouble with his commanders and inability to know where troops are 250–1
Argues for generous peace terms with Austria in 1866 254,
Attends dinner as ‘informal Crown Council’ (1870) about Spanish candidature 283
Furious that withdrawal of Hohenzollern candidature is a fiasco 287
With Roon and Bismarck edits Ems Telegram 288–9
Perfect efficiency of mobilization plans 289–90
Analysis of reasons for French failure 290
Trouble with Steinmetz as Commander First Army 291
Conflict between Moltke, his staff, and Bismarck 292, 294–5, 300–3
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Crown Prince invites Bismarck to dine with to make peace 303
His three staff officers the ‘demi-gods’ 294
The actual course of fighting as expected but more bloody 293–4
Paris invested, siege and bombardment 296–7
Walks in procession at State Opening of first German Parliament 310
Votes with Bismarck against conservatives on secular school inspection 324
Moltke worried (1875) by new French army law 351
Treitschke claims (1879) Jewish press villify everybody except 394
Waldersee intrigues himself into successor to as Chief of the General Staff 395
Refuses (1886) to attend diplomatic dinners after Herbert’s bad behavior 409
William I lets command his armies 432
Rejects Frederick’s attempt (1888) to rid him of Waldersee 435
Waldersee notes Bismarck’s visit to him and Moltke (1890) as signs of weakness 443
Dies 24 April 1891 455
Moltke, Kuno Count von (1847–1921), Prussian General
As member of the ‘Liebenberg Circle’ around Kaiser William II 426
Morier, Sir Robert Burnet David (1826–1893), diplomatist 323, 356, 364, 367
Calls Bismarck Zornesbock (raging billy-goat) 465
On Bismarck’s two natures 128
Motley, John Lothrop (1814–77), historian, American diplomat, and Bismarck’s best friend 79
Works in archives and ‘makes sheeted dead’ come alive 9
Comments on Göttingen in 1833 and importance of being a ‘von’ 17, 39
Motley’s Boston patrician background 39
Publishes Morton’s Hope in 1839 with Bismarck as main character 40–2
Shares apartment with Bismarck in Berlin 44
Motley on Viennese society also applies to Prussia 46
Bismarck writes a birthday letter to on 1 April 1863 193
Describes his former roomate to Lady William Russell 194
23 May 1864: Bismarck writes to ask to come to see him 218
Bismarck really loved ‘Mot’ 219
Bismarcks spends an evening with his family (1865) in Vienna, Mary ‘formed a deep attachment for him on the spot’ 223–4
Motley and daughter Lily visit Varzin in 1869 and describe it in full 264–5
‘Mot’ dies in Kings Russell House, Dorset, 29 May 1877 374
Bismarck says: “I intend to lead my companions here, as I intend to lead them in
after-life’ 466
Mary Motley charmed by Bismarck 471
Moufang, Canon Franz Christoph Ignaz (1817–90)