by Ross King
Ostia/Ostia Antica 18, 27, 193, 221, 245
Ovid 86, 111, 210
Padua 167
Scrovegni Chapel (Giotto frescoes) 124, 144
Scuola del Santo (Titian fresco) 291
Papal Chapel (capella papalis) 16–17, 81, 205, 216
Papal States 29
Parmagianino 152
Pasquino (statue) 178–9, 251
patrons 53–4, 101, 113, 132, 186, 259, 285
Paul IV, Pope 286
pendentives see Sistine Chapel frescoes Penni, Giovanni Francesco (Il Fattore) 253
perspective 241
see also foreshortening
Perugia 29, 32, 33–4, 192, 193, 254
Collegio del Cambio frescoes (Perugino) 93–4, 160
guilds 121
San Severo monastery (Raphael fresco) 95, 254
Perugino, Pietro 66
assistants 66, 94
Collegio del Cambio frescoes 93–4, 160
and Michelangelo 91–2
and Raphael 94, 233
San Giusto alle Mura frescoes 62, 121
Sistine Chapel frescoes 18, 48, 55, 91, 113, 115–16, 117, 321n
Vatican frescoes 91, 114
Peruzzi, Baldessare: Villa Farnesina 210
Petrarch 86, 210
Pico, Francesca, Countess of Mirandola 199–200, 209
Pico, Giovanni, Count of Mirandola 58, 183–4
Piermatteo d’Amelia: Sistine Chapel fresco 18, 19, 20, 47, 48
Piero della Francesca 20–1
Piero di Cosimo 18
pigments 62, 118, 119–20
azurite 62–3, 82, 100, 121
bianco sangiovanni (St John’s white) 120, 226
burnt sienna 120, 189
cinnabar 117
malachite 121
morellone (iron sesquioxide) 123, 131, 226
raw umber 120
red lake 73, 117, 118
smaltino 118–19, 161
terra verde 120
ultramarine 62, 63, 116, 117, 120–1, 296, 312n
verdigris 100
vermilion 118, 121
Pinturicchio (Bernardino di Betto) 54, 55, 94, 114
Borgia apartment frescoes 90, 91, 105, 132, 160, 223
Piccolomini Library, Siena 94, 117
Piombo, Sebastiano del 210, 288
Pisa 23, 98, 160, 191
Pisa, Council of (1511–12) 231–2, 238, 251
Pissarro, Camille 292
Pistoia: pulpit 160
Pius II, Pope 242
Pius III, Pope 27
Pius IV, Pope 229
Plato 58, 86, 170–1
Republic 112, 170
Symposium 183
‘Platonic love’ 183
Poggibonsi 10
Poggio a Caiano: villa 6
Politian (Angelo Ambrogini) 58
Pollaiuolo, Antonio del 38, 40, 71, 146–7
Pontelli, Baccio: Sistine Chapel 17, 18, 19, 59
Pontormo, Jacopo da 157
pozzolana 98–9, 100
Prato, sack of (1512) 266, 267–8, 270–1
prophesies and portents 158–9, 162–3, 166–7, 237, 266
‘quadratura’ 59
Quercia, Jacopo della: San Petronio (Bologna)
reliefs 60–1, 143, 188, 206–7, 228, 228
Rafanelli, Giovanni 57
Raimondi, Marcantonio 291
Raphael (Raffaello Santi) 92, 93, 93–6
appearance 107
as architect 286, 287
assistants and students 134–5, 171, 172, 235, 253, 254, 288, 291
and Bramante 92, 96, 110, 135, 136, 170, 172, 216, 286
character and personality 106–7, 171
death 287–8
influenced by Leonardo 109–11, 170
love life 185–6, 235, 287
and Michelangelo 92–3, 171–2, 216–20, 233, 260, 265, 280
portraits: Ariosto 210; Bramante 135, 136; Federico Gonzaga 223, 235; Julius II 135, 217, 233, 234–5, 236, 255; Leonardo 170; Margherita Luti 235; Michelangelo 218–20, 264; Savonarola 135, 136; Maddalena Strozzi 110
reputation 287–8, 290
self-portraits 93, 250, 255
use of women as models 146, 210–11
Villa Farnesina commission 209–10, 235
Works:
The Alba Madonna 137
Disputà (The Dispute of the Sacrament) 134–7, 143, 169, 170, 210
The Expulsion of Heliodorus 233–5
La Fornarina 235, 288
Holy Family 126
Leda and the Swan (sketch) 110–11, 111
The Liberation of St Peter 287
Madonna di Loreto 137
The Mass of Bolsena 255, 256, 257
Parnassus 210–11
The Repulse of Attila 287
The School of Athens 169–71, 172–5, 174–5, 204, 210, 217, 218–20, 219, 265
The Temptation in the Garden 109, 110–11, 111, 181
The Transfiguration 288
Trinity and Saints 254
The Triumph of Galatea 210
Ravenna 211, 212
battle (1512) 242–4, 244, 245–6, 251, 255
‘monster’ 237, 238, 247
Rembrandt van Rijn 291
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 291–2
Riario, Cardinal Raffaello 165
Rimini 29, 129, 194, 213, 261
Rivera, Diego 292
Creation 292
Rodin, Auguste: The Thinker 264
Rohan, Maréchal Pierre de 38
Romagna, the 29, 177, 193
Rome 14, 72, 222–3, 235
aqueducts 14, 15
Balduccio’s bank 73
Capitoline Hill 14
Carnival (1510) 176–7
Castel Sant’Angelo 6, 14, 99, 103, 129, 223, 238, 256, 292
floods 5, 14, 83, 85, 87, 97–8, 103
Lateran Palace 252
Luther’s visit 201–3
Palatine Hill 14
Palazzo Caprini 287
Palazzo del Belvedere 11
Piazza Rusticucci 1, 2, 5, 65
Porta Santa 21
prophets 159
prostitutes 185–6, 202
San Giovanni in Laterano 252
San Marcello al Corso (fresco) 291
San Pietro in Vincoli 5, 256, 284, 289
Sant’Agostino frescoes 105
Santa Caterina delle Cavallerotte 1
Santa Maria del Popolo 54, 55, 236
Santa Maria Maggiore 6
stufe (bathhouses) 146
Tempietto, San Pietro in Montorio 7
tramontana 52, 97, 99
Villa Farnesina 209–10, 235
see also Vatican
Rosa, Salvatore 54
Rosselli, Cosimo 18, 20, 65, 67, 113, 116
Rosselli, Piero 20, 49
defends Michelangelo against Bramante 20, 26
work in Sistine Chapel 48, 50, 51–2, 59, 65–6, 74, 76, 281
Rosso Fiorentino 291
Rovere, Francesco Maria della see Urbino, Duke of
Rubens, Peter Paul 292
Ruysch, Johannes 92, 114
Sacchi, Bartolommeo (Platina) 56
Sadoleto, Jacopo 152
San Casciano 196, 270
San Felice 208
San Stefano in Pane: La Loggia 262–263, 282
Sand, Vebjorn 31n
Sangallo, Bastiano da (Aristotile) 65, 66–7, 75, 189
Sangallo, Giovan Francesco da 66
Sangallo, Giuliano da 6, 6, 66
drawing of Hadrian’s Villa ceiling 55
loses competition with Bramante 6–7
and Michelangelo 3, 12, 30, 41, 99, 152
work in Sistine Chapel 20, 99, 100, 101
Santi, Giovanni 93
Sarto, Andrea del 71, 152
Savona: Palazzo Rovere 6
Savonarola, Girolamo 85, 85–6, 162, 184, 263–4
influence on Michelangelo 86–7, 276
portrayed by Raphael 135, 136
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br /> torture and death 88, 136, 270
Schongauer, Martin: The Temptation of St Anthony 248
Settignano: Buonarroti farm 30–1, 72, 74, 142
Sforza, Lodovico, Duke of Milan 38, 186
sibyls 159–60
Cumaean 161–2, 165, 166–7
see also under Sistine Chapel frescoes
Siena:
Cathedral 30, 160
guilds 121, 190
Piccolomini Library 94, 117
Signorelli, Luca 18, 91, 147
silverpoint 77
simony 28–9
Sistine Chapel 17, 17–18, 19, 32–3
ceremonies 16–17, 51, 116, 205, 215–26, 293 and n
Ghirlandaio’s frescoes 18, 48, 115, 149
Michelangelo’s frescoes see below
Perugino’s frescoes 18, 48, 55, 113, 115–16, 117
Piermatteo’s frescoes 18–19, 20, 47, 48
structural flaws 19–20, 229
Sistine Chapel frescoes (Michelangelo) 290–3
cartoons and sketches 53, 54–5, 55, 58–60, 77–9, 78, 80, 84, 122, 125, 132, 133, 145, 157, 187–8, 205, 206, 206, 207, 225, 273, 274
efflorescence and mildew 97–101
influences and borrowings 55, 60–1, 85–8, 143, 150, 151, 152, 188, 189–90, 206–7, 227–9
lighting 79
lunettes 59, 60, 116, 117, 122–6, 145–6, 153, 187, 224, 225, 239, 247, 274, 276, 311n, 313n
medallions 150, 189–92, 233
Michelangelo’s assistants 47–8, 63, 65–9, 74–6, 79, 80, 84, 101–3, 104–5, 119, 121, 157, 180, 189, 205, 281, 296
Michelangelo’s methods of working 81, 116–17, 122–3, 155, 156, 157, 225, 258, 272–3, 296, 311n
Michelangelo’s salary 42–3, 63, 139, 154, 195, 198, 200, 205, 224, 271, 281–2
pendentives 59, 153, 240, 249, 272, 274–6
pigments used 82, 116, 117–19, 120–1, 123, 189, 281, 294, 295–6
preparatory work 47–8, 51–2, 798–1, see also cartoons and sketches (above)
restoration work 123–4, 293–6, 312–13n
scaffolding and staging 48–51, 50, 74, 79, 80–1, 156, 215, 220, 224
spandrels 59, 60, 116, 117, 121–2, 123–4, 126–7, 153, 187, 224, 239, 313n
time taken 84, 121–2, 138, 153, 161, 180, 187, 224, 225, 226, 239, 240, 259, 262, 273, 277, 278
the unveiling 187, 206, 215–16, 278, 280,
see also Julius II; Rosselli, Piero;
Sangallo, Giuliano da
subjects and themes:
Abraham 276
Boaz 247–8, 248, 250
The Brazen Serpent 274–6
Christ’s ancestors 124–7, 138, 224, 247
The Creation of Adam 206, 206–7, 220, 223, 225–30, 231, 239
The Creation of Eve 187–8
The Creation of the Sun, Moon and Plants 259
Creation scene [?] 239–41
The Crucifixion of Haman 272–4, 274
The Drunkenness of Noah 138, 140–1, 143, 153
Ezekiel 187, 188, 189
The Flood 81–5, 97, 101, 116, 118, 122, 137, 171, 179, 224, 260
God Separating Light from Darkness 259–260, 273
grotesque and humorous human forms 246–9, 247, 250
Holofernes 249, 250
Ignudi 150, 151, 152, 153, 187, 188, 189, 207, 220, 249, 280, 293
Isaac 277
Isaiah 189
Jeremiah 264–265
Jonah 274, 278–80
Josiah 124–5
The Last Judgement 286
nudes 143, 144–5, 249, see also Ignudi (above)
Old Testament prophets 60, 220, 224, see Ezekiel, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Jonah, Zechariah
Rovere coat of arms 131–2, 133
The Sacrifice of Noah 152–3, 229
sibyls 159–62, 163, 220, 224; Cumaean 161–2, 163, 187; Delphica 160–1; Libyan 78, 264, 273
The Temptation and Expulsion 180–1, 182, 183, 188, 291
women 125, 145–6, 181, 182–3, 188, 226–7; see also sibyls (above)
Zechariah 131, 132–3, 133, 313n
Sixtus IV, Pope 27, 169
coat of arms 131–2
and Sistine Chapel 16, 18, 113, 115–16, 131
tomb 3, 38, 289
Skira, Albert (publishers) 229
smaltino (pigment) 118–19, 161
Soderini, Piero 32, 37, 90, 94–5, 96, 232, 267, 268, 269
Sodoma see Bazzi, Giovanni
spandrels see Sistine Chapel frescoes
spolvero see fresco painting
Stilicho 159
strappado (‘the ripper’) 270
Strozzi, Lorenzo 71, 154
Strozzi, Maddalena 110, 126
Stuart, Alexander 165
Suardi, Bartolomeo see Bramantino
Swiss Federation 177–8
Swiss Guards and soldiers 178, 192–3, 197, 216, 231, 232, 251, 253, 255, 256
syphilis, victims of 185, 186, 197, 202, 205
Tanagli, Michelangelo 198
Tedesco, Jacopo del (Jacopo di Sandro) 65, 68–9, 65, 102–3, 104–5
tempera painting 43, 46, 83
Tiber, River 1, 5, 14, 15, 16, 83, 87, 202, 221
Tiresias 163
Titian (Tiziano Vecelli) 46, 291
Monkey Laocoön 152
The Rest on the Flight into Egypt 125–6
Titus, Emperor 151
Tolnay, Charles de 123–4
Tornabuoni, Giovanni 53–4, 101, 132
Tornabuoni Chapel see Florence
Torni, Jacopo (Indaco) 104–5, 157, 180
Torquemada, Tomás de 57
Torrigiano, Pietro 13
tramontana 52, 97, 99
Trapezuntius, Andreas 56
Trasimeno, Lake 33, 193
travertine 99–100
Trignoli, Giovanni 180, 205
Trivulzio, Giangiacomo 200
Uccello, Paolo: Creation of Adam 228, 228
Ulm, Germany: Cathedral 160
ultramarine 62, 63, 116, 117, 120–1, 296, 312n
Urbano, Pietro 63, 74, 75, 180
Urbino 58, 93, 108, 261
Urbino, Federigo da Montefeltro, Duke of 93, 95, 108, 242
Urbino, Francesco Maria della Rovere, Duke of 129, 178, 193, 204, 205, 208, 212, 222
Urbino, Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, Duke of 204
Vaga, Perino del 291
Varatori, Dario 118
Varchi, Benedetto 290
Vasari, Giorgio 66n, 157, 290, 292
Lives of … Painters, Sculptors and Architects:
on Aspertini 47
on Bramante 96, 138, 170
on Bugiardini 67
on Capanna 45
on Cimabue 44
on Granacci 63–4, 65
on Indaco (Jacopo Torni) 104, 105
on Leonardo 250
on Michelangelo and his work 12, 13, 63–4, 101, 102, 104, 116, 139–40, 157, 225, 226, 229–30, 240, 273, 280, 296
on Raphael and his work 96, 106, 170, 171, 185, 210, 236, 253, 287
on Sodoma (Giovanni Bazzi) 108
Vasari on Technique 43, 100–1
Vatican 15, 16, 91, 288
Borgia apartment frescoes 90, 91, 105, 132, 160, 223
Cortile del Belvedere 15–16, 90, 103, 138
Library 56, 108, 169
rebuilding of St Peter’s 5–7, 10, 13, 66, 103, 163, 286
Sala di Costantino 288
sculpture garden (Bramante) 152
Stanza d’Eliodoro 233–5, 253, 260, 286–7
Stanza dell’Incendio 287
Stanza della Segnatura 54, 107–9, 217; see Bazzi, Giovanni: Apollo and Marsyas; Raphael: Disputà; Parnassus; School of Athens; Temptation in the Garden
see also Sistine Chapel; Sistine Chapel frescoes
Venice/Venetians 89, 128–9, 176–7, 199, 233, 255, 291
defeated by Alfonso d’Este 167–8, 178
envoys 9, 192, see also Lippomano, Girolamo
San
Marco (mosaic) 227–8
as source of pigments 117
Verona 120, 177, 178, 253, 255
Verrocchio, Andrea del 38
Vich, Don Jerónimo da 245
Vida, Girolamo: Juliad 256
Virgil:
Aeneid 161, 162, 167
Eclogues 162
Viterbo, 193
Warhol, Andy 295
Zacchetti, Bernardino 180, 205
Zeuxis 211
About the Author
Ross King is the author of Brunelleschi’s Dome, a highly praised account of how the Renaissance architect Brunelleschi constructed the dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence (voted Non-Fiction Book of the Year by American Independent Booksellers in 2001). He has also written two novels, Domino and Ex Libris. He lives in Oxford.
Table of Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of Illustrations
Map of Italy
Map of Rome
1. The Summons
2. The Conspiracy
3. The Warrior Pope
4. Penance
5. Painting in the Wet
6. The Design
7. The Assistants
8. The House of Buonarroti
9. The Fountains of the Great Deep
10. Competition
11. A Great Quandary
12. The Flaying of Marsyas
13. True Colours
14. Rejoice Greatly, O Daughter of Zion
15. Family Business
16. Laocoön
17. The Golden Age
18. The School of Athens
19. Forbidden Fruit
20. The Barbarous Multitudes
21. Bologna Redux
22. The World’s Game
23. A New and Wonderful Manner of Painting
24. The First and Supreme Creator
25. The Expulsion of Heliodorus
26. The Monster of Ravenna
27. Many Strange Forms
28. The Armour of Faith and the Sword of Light
29. Il Pensieroso
30. In Evil Plight
31. Final Touches
Epilogue: The Language of the Gods
Picture Section
Notes
Acknowledgements
Bibliography
Index
About the Author
