The Thief at the End of the World

by Joe Jackson

  “Great Demand for Rubber,” New York Times, Oct. 12, 1903, p. 7.

  Greely, General A. W. “Rubber Forests of Nicaragua and Sierra Leone,” National Geographic, March 1897, pp. 83-88.

  Griggs, Willliam Clark. The Elusive Eden: Frank McMullan’s Confederate Colony in Brazil (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1987).

  Hahner, June E. “Women and Work in Brazil, 1850-1920: A Preliminary Investigation,” in Essays Concerning the Socioeconomic History of Brazil and Portuguese India, Davril Aldens and Warren Dean, eds. (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1977), pp. 87-117.

  Hall, Catherine. “Of Gender and Empire: Reflections on the Nineteenth Century,” in Gender and Empire, Philippa Levine, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 46-76.

  Hammerton, A. James. “Gender and Migration,” in Gender and Empire, Philippa Levine, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 156-180.

  Hancock, Thomas. Personal Narrative of the Origin and Progress of the Caoutchouc or India-Rubber Manufacture in England (London: Longman, 1857).

  Hanna, Alfred Jackson, and Kathryn Abbey Hanna. Confederate Exiles in Venezuela (Tuscaloosa, AL: Confederate Publishing, 1960).

  Hanson, Earl Parker, ed. South from the Spanish Main: South America Seen Through the Eyes of its Discoverers (New York: Delacorte Press, 1967).

  Hardenburg, Walter E. The Putumayo, the Devil’s Paradise (London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1912).

  Harrison, John P. “Science and Politics: Origins and Objectives of Mid-nineteenth Century Government Expeditions to Latin America,” Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 35, no. 2 (May 1935), pp. 175-202.

  Harter, Eugene C. The Lost Colony of the Confederacy (Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1985).

  Hartt, Charles Frederick. “Preliminary Report of the Morgan Expeditions, 1870-1871: Report of a Reconnaissance of the Lower Tapajos,” Bulletin of the Cornell University (Science), vol. 1, no. 1 (Ithaca, NY: University Press, 1874), pp. 11-37.

  Hecht, Susanna, and Alexander Cockburn. The Fate of the Forest: Developers, Destroyers and Defenders of the Amazon (New York: HarperPerennial, 1990).

  Herndon, William Lewis, and Lardner Gibbon, Exploration of the Valley of the Amazon, 2 vols., (Washington, DC, 1853), vol. 1, pp. 285, 330-331 (House Document no. 53, Thirty-third Congress, Washington, DC, 1854).

  Hepper, F. Nigel, ed. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew: Gardens for Science and Pleasure (Owings Mill, MD: Stemmer House, 1982).

  Hessel, M. S., W. J. Murphy, and F. A. Hessel. Strategic Materials in Hemisphere Defense (New York: Hastings House, 1942).

  Heuman, Gad. “The British West Indies,” in The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Andrew Porter, ed., vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 470-493.

  Higbee, Edward C. “Of Man and the Amazon,” Geographical Review vol. 41, no. 3 (July 1951), pp. 401-420.

  ———. “The River Is the Plow,” Scientific Monthly (June 1945), pp. 405-416.

  Hill, Jonathan D., ed. Rethinking History and Myth: Indigenous South American Perspectives of the Past (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988).

  Hill, Lawrence F. “Confederate Exiles to Brazil,” Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 7, no. 2 (May 1927), pp. 192-210.

  ———. “The Confederate Exodus to Latin America, Part I,” Southwestern Historical Quarterly, vol. 39, no. 2 (October 1935), pp. 100-134; “Part II,” vol. 39, no. 3 (January 1936), pp. 161-199; and “Part III,” vol. 39, no. 4 (April 1936), pp. 309-326.

  Hobhouse, Henry. Seeds of Wealth: Four Plants That Made Men Rich (London: Macmillan, 2003).

  Hochschild, Adam. King Leopold’s Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in Colonial Africa (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998).

  Hoffer, Eric. The True Believer: Thoughts on the Nature of Mass Movements (New York: Harper & Row, 1966, first published 1951).

  Holdridge, Desmond. “Native Returns to the Amazon,” Living Age, vol. 360 (April 1941), pp. 153-158.

  Holmes, Harry N. Strategic Materials and National Strength. (New York: MacMillan, 1942).

  Holmes, W. C. “The Tragedy of the Amazon,” Rubber Age, vol. 9, no. 1 (April 10, 1921), pp. 11-16.

  Holthouse, Hector. Cannibal Cargoes (Adelaide, Australia: Rigby, 1969).

  Hopper, Janice H., comp. Indians of Brazil in the Twentieth Century (Washington, DC: Institute for Cross-Cultural Research, 1967).

  “India-Rubber, Gutta-Percha, and Other Insulating Materials Compared,” India-Rubber and Gutta-Percha and Electrical Trades Journal, vol. 4, no. 2 (Sept. 8, 1887), pp. 25-28.

  Ireland, Emilienne. “Cerebral Savage: The Whiteman as Symbol of Cleverness and Savagery in Waurá Myth,” Rethinking History and Myth: Indigenous South American Perspectives on the Past, Jonathan D. Hill, ed. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1988), pp. 157-173.

  Jackson, Derrick Z. “U.S. Takes the Lead in Trashing Planet,” Virginian-Pilot, April 16, 2005, editorial page.

  Jain, Ravindra K.“South Indian Labour in Malaya, 1840-1920: Asylum, Stability and Involution,” in Indentured Labour in the British Empire 1834-1920, Kay Saunders, ed. (London: Croom Helm, 1984), pp. 158-182.

  Jalland, Pat, and John Hooper, eds. Women from Birth to Death: The Female Life Cycle in Britain, 1830-1914 (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press International, 1986).

  Jayarathnam, K. “Pests,” in M. R. Sethuraj and N. M. Mathew, eds. Natural Rubber: Biology, Cultivation, and Technology (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992), pp. 360-69.

  Jefferson, Mark. “An American Colony in Brazil,” Geographical Review vol. 18, no. 2 (April 1928), pp. 226-231.

  Johnston, W. Ross. A Documentary History of Queensland. (St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1988).

  Jordan, Carl F. “Amazon Rain Forests,” American Scientist vol. 70, no. 4 (July-Aug 1982), pp. 394-401.

  Kandell, Jonathan. Passage Through El Dorado: Traveling the World’s Last Great Wilderness (New York: William Morrow, 1984).

  Katz, Israel J., and M. Mitchell Serels, eds. Studies on the History of Portuguese Jews from Their Expulsion in 1497 through Their Dispersion (New York: Sepher-Hermon Press, 2000).

  Keket, Susan, and Watorea Ivara. A Checklist of the Islands of Papua New Guinea (Boroko, Papua New Guinea: National Library Service of Papua New Guinea, 1982).

  Kimbrough, Robert, ed. “Conrad in the Congo,” in Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Souces, Criticism, 3rd ed., Robert Kimbrough, ed. (New York: Norton, 1988). pp. 142-194.

  “The King’s Birthday, First List of Honours, No Ministerial Dinner,” Times (London), June 3, 1920, p. 18.

  Kirkwood, Deborah. “Settler Wives in Southern Rhodesia: A Case Study,” in The Incorporated Wife, Hilary Callan and Shirley Ardener, eds. (London: Croom Helm, 1984), pp. 143-164.

  ———. “The Suitable Wife: Preparation for Marriage in London and Rhodesia/ Zimbabwe,” in The Incorporated Wife, Hilary Callan and Shirley Ardener, eds. (London: Croom Helm, 1984), pp. 106-119.

  Knight, Alan. “Britain and Latin America,” in The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Andrew Porter, ed., vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 122-145.

  Knorr, Klaus, and Frank N. Trager, eds. Economic Issues and National Security (Lawrence, KS: Allen Press, 1977).

  Kramer, Paul J., and Theodore T. Kozlowski. Physiology of Trees (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960).

  Kreier, Julius P., ed. Malaria: Epidemiology, Chemotherapy, Morphology, and Metabolism (New York: Academic Press, 1980).

  Laird, MacGregor, and R. A. K. Oldfield. Narrative of an Expedition into the Interior of Africa by the River Niger, 2nd ed., 2 vols. (London, 1837).

  Lane, Edward V. “The Life and Work of Sir Henry Wickham, Parts I-IX,” India Rubber Journal vols. 125 (Dec. 5, 12, 19, 26, 1953) and 126 (January 2, 9, 19, 23, 30, 1954). These include: “Part I—Ancestry and Early Years” (Dec. 5, 1953), pp. 14-17; “Part II—A Journey Through the Wild
erness” (Dec. 12, 1953), pp. 16-18; “Part III—Santarem” (Dec. 19, 1953), pp. 18-23; “Part IV—Kew” (Dec. 26, 1953), pp. 5-8; “Part V—Pioneering in North Queensland” (Jan. 2, 1954), pp. 17-19; “Part VI—Pioneering in British Honduras” (Jan. 9, 1954), pp. 17-23; “Part VII—The Conflict Islands and New Guinea” (Jan. 16, 1954), pp. 7-10; “Part VIII—Piqui-Á and Arghan” (Jan. 23, 1954), pp. 7-10; and “Part IX—Closing Years” (Jan. 30, 1954), pp. 5-8.

  ———. “Sir Henry Wickham: British Pioneer; a Brief Summary of the Life Story of the British Pioneer,” Rubber Age 73 (Aug. 1953), pp. 649-656.

  Lange, Algot. In the Amazon Jungle: Adventures in Remote Parts of the Upper Amazon River, Including a Sojourn Among Cannibal Indians (New York: Putnam’s, 1912).

  ———. The Lower Amazon: A Narrative of Exploration in the Little Known Regions of the State of Para, on the Lower Amazon, etc. (New York: Putnam’s, 1914).

  ———. “The Rubber Workers of the Amazon,” Bulletin of the American Geographical Society, vol. 43, no. 1 (1911), pp. 33-36.

  Langmore, Diane. “James Chalmers: Missionary,” in Papua New Guinea Portraits: The Expatriate Experience, James Griffin, ed. (Canberra, Australia: Australian National University Press, 1978), pp. 1-27.

  Lawrence, James Cooper. The World’s Struggle with Rubber (New York: Harper, 1931).

  Lebergott, Stanley. “The Returns to U.S. Imperialism, 1890-1929,” Journal of Economic History vol. 40, no. 2 (June 1980), pp. 229-252.

  Leff, Nathaniel. “Tropical Trade and Development in the Nineteenth Century: The Brazilian Experience,” Journal of Political Economy vol. 81, no. 3 (1973), pp. 678-696.

  Lestringant, Frank. Cannibals: The Discovery and Representation of the Cannibal from Columbus to Jules Verne (Berkley, CA: University of California Press, 1997). Lévi-Strauss, Claude. The Raw and the Cooked: Introduction to a Science of Mythology, vol. 1, John and Doreen Weightman, trans. (New York: Harper Colophon, 1975, first published in France as Le Cru et le Cuit, 1964, Librairie Plon).

  ———. Tristes Tropiques, John and Doreen Weightman, trans. (New York: Atheneum, 1981, first published 1951).

  Levine, Philippa, ed. Gender and Empire (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004). ———. “Sexuality, Gender, and Empire,” in Gender and Empire, Philippa Levine, ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004), pp. 134-155.

  Lloyd, Francis E. “Plantation Rubber: Its Source and Acquisition,” Scientific Monthly, vol. 23, no. 3 (September 1926), pp. 268-278.

  Loadman, John. Tears of the Tree: The Story of Rubber—A Modern Marvel (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005).

  Loh Fook Seng, Philip. The Malay States, 1877-1895: Political Change and Social Policy (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1969).

  London Gazette, June 4, 1920, second supplement, pp. 6313-6315. “King’s Birthday Honours.”

  ———. November 20, 1928, p. 7604. “Sir Henry Alexander Wickham, Deceased.”

  London, Jack. The People of the Abyss (London: Pluto Press, 2001, first published in Great Britain in 1903).

  “R. Irwin Lynch,” Journal of the Kew Guild vol. 4, no. 32 (1925), pp. 341-342.

  Lynn, Martin. “British Policy, Trade, and Informal Empire in the Mid-Nineteenth Century,” in The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, Andrew Porter, ed., vol. 3 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), pp. 101-121.

  Macdonald, A. C. “Notes on the Panama and Nicaragua Canal Schemes,” Transactions of the Royal Geographical Society of Australia, Victorian Branch, vol. 16 (1899), pp. 46-57.

  Mackay, Charles. Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madness of Crowds (New York: Harmony Books, 1980, first published in 1841 and 1852).

  MacLeod, Roy. Nature and Empire: Science and the Colonial Enterprise, Osiris series, vol. 15 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001).

  Markham, Clements R. “The Cultivation of Caoutchouc-Yielding Trees in British India,” Journal of the Society of Arts, vol. 24, no. 1220 (April 7, 1876), pp. 475-481.

  ———. Peruvian Bark: A Popular Account of the Introduction of Chinchona Cultivation into British India, 1860-1880 (London, John Murray, 1880).

  Marriott, John. The Other Empire: Metropolis, India and Progress in the Colonial Imagination (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2003).

  Mason, Peter. Cauchu, the Weeping Wood: A History of Rubber (Sydney, Australia: The Australian Broadcasting Commission, 1979).

  Mathew, N. M. “Physical and Technological Properties of Natural Rubber,” in M. R. Sethuraj and N. M. Mathew, eds. Natural Rubber: Biology, Cultivation, and Technology (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1992), pp. 399-425.

  May, George O. “Rubber: The Inquiry and the Facts,” Atlantic Monthly, 127 (June 1926), pp. 805-812.

  Maynard, Margaret. “ ‘A Great Deal Too Good for the Bush’: Women and the Experience of Dress in Queensland,” in On the Edge: Womens’ Experiences in Queensland, Gail Reekie, ed. (St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia: University of Queensland Press, 1994), pp. 51-65.

  McClain, Michael E., Reynaldo L. Victoria, and Jeffrey E. Richey, eds. The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001).

  McNeill, William H. Plagues and Peoples (Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, 1976).

  Meggers, Betty J. Amazonia: Man and Culture in a Counterfeit Paradise (Chicago: Aldine-Atherton, 1971).

  ———. “Environment and Culture in Amazonia,” in Man in the Amazon, Charles Wagley, ed. (Gainesville: University of Florida Press, 1974), pp. 91-110.

  ———. “The Indigenous Peoples of Amazonia, Their Cultures, Land Use Patterns and Effects on the Landscape and Biota,” in Harald Sioli, ed. The Amazon: Limnology and Landscape Ecology of a Mighty Tropical River and Its Basin (The Hague: Der W. Junk, 1984), pp. 627-648.

  Melby, John. “Rubber River: An Account of the Rise and Collapse of the Amazon Boom,” Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 22, no. 3 (Aug. 1942), pp. 452-469.

  “Memorandum on South American Leaf Disease of Rubber” (Kuala Lumpur: Rubber Research Institute of Malaya, May 1948). Warren Dean collection, New York Botanical Gardens archives.

  Merli, Frank J. “Alternative to Appomattox: A Virginian’s Vision of an Anglo-Confederate Colony on the Amazon, May 1865,” Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 94, no. 2 (April 1986), pp. 210-219.

  Millburn, John R., and Keith Jarrott. The Aylesbury Agitator: Edward Richardson: Labourer’s Friend and Queensland Agent, 1849-1878 (Aylesbury, Queensland, Australia: Buckingham County Council, 1988). Archives of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London.

  Miller, Susan Gilson. “Kippur on the Amazon: Jewish Emigration from Northern Morocco in the Late Nineteenth Century,” in Sephardi and Middle Eastern Jewries: History and Culture in the Modern Era, Harvey E. Goldberg, ed. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1996), pp. 190-209.

  Miller, William. “A Journey from British Honduras to Santa Cruz, Yucatan, with a map,” Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography, vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1889), pp. 23-28. The handwritten copy of this article, with changes and a map, received July 1888, are preserved in the Archives of the Royal Geographical Society, London, JMS/5/74.

  Montagnini, Florencia. “Nutrient Considerations in the Use of Silviculture for Land Development and Rehabilitation in the Amazon,” in Michael E. McClain, Reynaldo L. Victoria, and Jeffrey E. Richey, eds. The Biogeochemistry of the Amazon Basin (New York: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 106-121.

  Moran, Emilio F. “The Adaptive System of the Amazonian Caboclo,” in Charles Wagley, ed., Man in the Amazon (Gainesville, FL: University Presses of Florida, 1974), pp. 136-159.

  Morel, E. D. Red Rubber: The Story of the Rubber Slave Trade Flourishing on the Congo in the Year of Grace 1906 (New York: Negro Universities Press, 1906).

  Morris, D. The Colony of British Honduras, Its Resources and Prospects; with Particular Reference to Its Indigineous Plants and Economic Productions (London: Edward Stan
ford, 1883). Archives of the Institute of Commonwealth Studies, University of London.

  Morrison, Tony, Ann Brown, and Ann Row, comps. A Victorian Lady’s Amazon Adventure. (London: BBC, 1985).

  Mosch, Louis. “Rubber Pirates of the Amazon,” Living Age, vol. 345 (Nov. 1933), pp. 219-224.

  “Mosquito Day Luncheon: The Importance of Tropical Medicine in Empire Development: Speeches by the Prime Minister and Mr. Chester Beatty,” British Malaya, vol. 14, no. 2 (June 1939), pp. 43-44.

  Murphy, Robert F., and Julian H. Steward. “Tappers and Trappers: Parallel Process in Acculturation,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, vol. 4, no. 4 (July 1956), pp. 335-355.

  Nash, Roy. The Conquest of Brazil (New York: AMS Press, 1969, originally published 1926).

  Naylor, Robert A. Penny Ante Imperialism: The Mosquito Shore and the Bay of Honduras, 1600-1914, A Case Study in British Informal Empire (London: Associated University Presses, 1989).

  Nead, Lynda. Victorian Babylon: People, Streets and Images in Nineteenth-Century London (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000).

  Nevill, Barry St.-John, ed. Life at the Court of Queen Victoria: With Selections from the Journals of Queen Victoria (Exeter, England: Webb & Bower, 1984).

  Nevins, Allan, and Frank Ernest Hill. Ford: Expansion and Challenge, 1915-1933 (New York: Scribner’s, 1957).

  New York Tribune, July 17 and 20, 1865.

  Oakenfull, J. Brazil in 1912 (London: Robert Atkinson, 1913).

  O’Brien, Denise, and Sharon W. Tiffany, eds. Rethinking Women’s Roles: Perspectives from the Pacific (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984).

  “Obituary: Sir Henry Wickham, The Plantation Rubber Industry,” Times (London), September 28, 1928, p. 19.

  O’Hanlon, Redmond. In Trouble Again: A Journey Between the Orinoco and the Amazon (New York: Vintage Books, 1988).

  Olivier, Sydney. “British Honduras,” in British America: The British Empire Series, vol. 3, (London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1900), pp. 476-496.

  “On Rubber,” Gardener’s Chronicle, vol. 19 (1855), p. 381.