The Storm Before the Storm

by Michael Duncan

  44. App. BC i.19; Cic. Rep. i.31; Livy Per. 59.

  45. App. BC i.19.

  46. App. BC i.19; Oros. v.10; Dio xxiv. 84.

  47. Quotes: App. BC i.19. See also: Plut. CG 10; Cic. Amic. 12, Rep. vi.12; Vell. Pat. ii.4; “Plut.” Apoph. Sm.23; Oros. v.10.

  48. App. BC i.20; Plut. CG 10, Rom. 27; Cic. Milo 16; Vell. Pat. ii.4; Oros. v.10; Livy Per. 59.

  49. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.4; For Cornelia and/or Sempronia: App. BC i.20; Livy Per. 59; Oros. v.10. Gaius and Flaccus: Plut. CG 10. Carbo: Cic. Quint. ii.3.3, Fam. ix.21.3. Suicide: App. BC i.20; Plut. Rom. 27.

  50. Pliny vii.59.

  51. Quote: Plut. Mor. 2.

  CHAPTER 3: DAGGERS IN THE FORUM

  1. Sall Hist. i.12.

  2. Quotes: Cic. Div. i.56; Plut. CG 1. See also: Val. Max. i.7.6.

  3. Quotes: Plut. TG 2. See also: Dio xxv.85.

  4. Plut. CG 2.

  5. Quotes: Cic. Har. Resp. 41; Plut. CG 1. See also: Plut. CG 5; Cic. Brut. 125–6; Dio xxv.85.

  6. Plut. TG 21, CG 1.

  7. App. BC i.21, 34.

  8. Quote: App. BC i.21.

  9. Quotes: App. BC i.21, Cic. Off. iii.47. See also: Cic. Brut. 109; App. BC i.34; Pliny NH xxix.8; Festus in ORF, 2nd ed. pp. 179–80.

  10. App. BC i.34; Flor. i.37.2; Tac. Hist. iv.73; Livy Per. 60.

  11. Quote: Livy xxvii.10. See also: Livy xiii.22, xxvi.9.

  12. Quote: “Cic.” Rhet. iv.22, 37. See also: Vell. Pat ii.7; “Cic.” Rhet. vi.13; Cic. Planc. 70; Val. Max. ii.8.4; Ascon. 17; Amm. xv.9.10; Livy Per. 60.

  13. Vell. Pat ii.7; Cic. Planc. 70.

  14. Plut. CG 1–2; Livy Per. 60.

  15. Plut. CG 2; Livy Per. 60.

  16. Plut. CG 2; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.24.

  17. Gell. xv.12. See also: Plut. CG 2.

  18. App. BC i.21; Plut. CG 2; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.24.

  19. Plut. CG 3.

  20. App. BC i.22, Mith. 57; Cic. Orat. ii.188, 194–6, Div. Caec. 69, Font. 38; Sall. Hist. iv.67; Vell. Pat. ii.4.

  21. Gell. xi.10.

  22. Quote: Plut. CG 3. See also: Cic. Orat. iii.214, Brut. 126, Har. Resp. 43.

  23. Quote: Plut. CG 3. See also: App. BC i.21; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.724.

  24. Quote: Vell. Pat. ii.6. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25.1.

  25. Plut. CG 4; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25.2. See also: Stockton, The Gracchi, ch. 6.

  26. Plut. CG 4; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.27; Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, Cat. iv.10, Brut. 128, Leg. iii.26, Red. Sen. 37, Dom. 82, 87, Rep. i.6, Clu. xxxv.95; Vell. Pat. ii.7.

  27. App. BC i.34; Plut. CG 5; Vell. Pat. ii.6; Oros. v.11; Livy Per. 60.

  28. App. BC i.23; Plut. CG 5; Vell. Pat. ii.6; Livy Per. 60.

  29. Plut. CG 7; App. BC i.23.

  30. Quote: Cic. Sest. 103. See also: App. BC i.22; Plut. CG 5; Cic. Off. ii.72; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25.1; Vell. Pat. ii.6; Flor. ii.3; Oros. v.11; Livy Per. 60.

  31. Plut. CG 5; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25; Oros. v.11.

  32. App. BC i.21; Cic. Verr. ii.3.12; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25.1.

  33. App. BC i.22; Plut. CG 5; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.25.1; Vell. Pat. ii.6; Livy Per. 60.

  34. App. BC i.21; Plut. CG 8, 11.

  35. Plut. CG 8.

  36. Quote: Plut. CG 6.

  37. App. BC i.23; Plut. CG 8–9; Cic. Brut. 109, Fin. iv.66; Tac. Ann. iii.27.

  38. App. BC i.23, 34; Plut. CG 8; Vell. Pat. ii.6.

  39. Quote: App. BC i.23.

  40. App. BC i.24; Plut. CG 10–11; Vell. Pat. i.15, ii.6; Oros. v.12; Eutr. iv.21; Livy Per. 60.

  41. App. BC i.24; Plut. CG 11; Oros. v.12; Livy Per. 60.

  42. App. BC i.24; Plut. CG 10–11; Cic. Orat. iii.213–14.

  43. Plut. CG 11–12.

  44. Plut. CG 12.

  45. App. BC i.24; Plut. CG 13; Flor. ii.3.15; Oros. v.12.

  46. App. BC i.25; Plut. CG 13; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.27; Oros. v.12.

  47. Quote: Cic. Orat. iii.213. See also: App. BC i.25; Plut. CG 13; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.27; Oros. v.12.

  48. App. BC i.25; Plut. CG 14.

  49. Quote: Cic. Phil. viii.14. See also: Caes. BC i.5; App. BC i.25; Plut. CG 14; Cic. Cat. i.4. Dom. 102; Phil. viii.14; Sall. Jug. 16; Livy Per. 60.

  50. Quote: Cic. Div. i.56. See also: Plut. CG 14.

  51. Quotes: Plut. CG 15.

  52. App. BC i.26; Plut. CG 16; Cic. Phil. viii.14; Flor. ii.3.15; Livy Per. 61.

  53. App. BC i.26; Plut. CG 16; Cic. Phil. viii.14; Vell. Pat ii.6; Oros. v.12.

  54. App. BC i.26; Plut. CG 16; Cic. Cat. i.4, Dom. 102, Phil. viii.14; Sall. Jug. 16, 31; Vell. Pat ii.6; Oros. v.12; Livy Per. 61.

  55. App. BC i.26; Plut. CG 17; Vell. Pat ii.6; Val. Max. iv.7.2; Oros. v.12.

  56. App. BC i.26; Plut. CG 17; Cic. Cat. i.4; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.29; Vell. Pat ii.6; Val. Max. iv.7.2, vi.8.3; Oros. v.12; Livy Per. 61.

  57. App. BC i.26; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.27–29; Vell. Pat ii.6; Val. Max. ix.4.3; Flor. ii.3.15.

  58. Plut. CG 17; Vell. Pat ii.7; Val. Max. vi.3.1; Pliny xxxiii.14; Flor. ii.4.16; Oros. v.12.

  59. Quote: Cic. Orat. ii.170. See also: Cic. Brut. 103, Sest. 140, Fam. ix.21.3, Orat. ii.106, 132, Verr. ii.3.3; Val. Max. iii.7.6, vi.5.6; Livy Per. 61.

  60. App. BC i.27.

  61. Quotes: Plut. CG 19. See also: Plut. CG 4; Pliny xxxvi.14.

  62. Quote: Sall. Jug. 41.

  63. Quote: Sall. Jug. 42.

  64. Quotes: Cic. Leg. iii.20, Plut. CG 17. See also: App BC i.26.

  CHAPTER 4: A CITY FOR SALE

  1. Cic. Verr. ii.5.126.

  2. Quotes: Vell. Pat. ii.11; Sall. Jug. 63. See also: Plut. Mar. 2.

  3. Quote: Plut. Mar. 3. See also: Cic. Balb. 47.

  4. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 6.

  5. See Prologue. For more on the career of Macedonicus: Diod. xxxii.9, 15; Polyb. xxxviii.17–18; App. Iber. 76; Front. i.1.12, iii.7.3, iv.1.11, 1.23, 7.42; Paus. vii.13–15; Dio xxiii.82; Vell. Pat. i.11, ii.5; Flor. i.30.14, 32.16, 33.17; Oros. v.3; Livy Per. 50, 52–53.

  6. Cic. Fin. v.82, Orat. 264, Scaur. 46 Clu. 119; Flor. i.43.8; App. Ill. 10–11; Vell. Pat. ii.8; Ascon. 28; Strabo iii.5.1; Val. Max. ii.9.9; Oros. v.13; Livy Per. 60, 62. See also: FC and FT.

  7. Quotes: Cic. Orat. ii.283; Sall. Jug. 15. See also: Cic. Orat. i.214; Plut. Mor. 318.e; Val. Max. iv.4.11; “Vict.” Vir. Ill. 72.

  8. Quote: Cic. Orat. ii.365. See also: Chapter 3.

  9. Quotes: Cic. Orat. i.364, Clu. 140. See also: Cic. Phil. 134, Brut. 165, Orat. i.24.

  10. Sall. Jug. 63; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.38; Strabo iii.5.1; Flor. i.43.8; Oros. v.13; Livy Per. 60.

  11. Flor. xxxix.4.

  12. Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.23; Vell. Pat. i.15; Strabo iv.1.5; Flor. i.37.2; Tac. Hist. iv.73; Amm. xv.12.5; Eutr. iv.22; Livy Per. 61.

  13. Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.36; Vell. Pat. i.15, ii.10; Strabo iv.1.11, 2.3; Flor. i.37.2; Amm. xv.12.5; Oros. v.13; Livy Per. 61.

  14. Cic. Orat. ii.223, Brut. 160; Diod. v.38.5; Vell. Pat. ii.7, 10; Val. Max. vi.9.14.

  15. Plut. Mar. 4.

  16. Plut. Mar. 4; Cic. Leg. iii.38.

  17. Plut. Mar. 4; Cic. Brut. 222, Off. ii.72.

  18. Plut. Mar. 5.

  19. Plut. Mar. 5; Cic. Planc. 51; Val. Max. vi.9.14; Plut. Mor. 202.b.

  20. Sall. Jug. 5; Eutr. iv.11.

  21. Quote: Sall. Jug. 6. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.35.

  22. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 7–8.

  23. Quote: Sall. Jug. 9.

  24. Sall. Jug. 9–13; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.26; Livy Per. 61.

  25. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 14–15. See also: Flor. i.36.1.

  26. Sall. Jug. 16; Plut. CG 18; Flor. i.36.1.

  27. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 13, 15. See also: Flor. i.36.1.

  28. Plut. Mar. 5; Val. Max. vi.9.14.

  29. Plut. Mar. 5.

  30. Plut. Mar. 5, Mor. 318.e; Cic. Clu. 119; Vell. Pat. ii.8; Val. Max. ii.9.9; Livy Per. 61.

  31. Plut. Mar. 6.

  32. Plut. Mar. 6, Caes. 1.

  33. Sall. Jug. 20; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31; Livy Per. 64.

  34
. Sall. Jug. 21; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31; Livy Per. 64.

  35. Sall. Jug. 21–22; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31; Livy Per. 64.

  36. Sall. Jug. 25; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31; Flor. i.36.1.

  37. Sall. Jug. 26; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31; Eutr. iv.26; Livy Per. 64.

  38. Quote: Sall. Jug. 26. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.31.

  39. Sall. Jug. 27; Livy Per. 64.

  40. Sall. Jug. 27–28; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.26; Livy Per. 64.

  41. Sall. Jug. 28.

  42. Quote: Sall. Jug. 29. See also: Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.26.

  43. Quote: Sall. Jug. 28. See also: Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.26.

  44. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 31.

  45. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 31.

  46. Sall. Jug. 32; Flor. i.36.1; Livy Per. 64.

  47. Sall. Jug. 33–34; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15.

  48. Sall. Jug. 33–34.

  49. Sall. Jug. 35; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.35a; Flor. i.36.1; Livy Per. 64.

  50. Quote: Sall. Jug. 35. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.35a; Flor. i.36.1; Livy Per. 64.

  51. Quote: Sall. Jug. 35. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.7.35a; Oros. v.15; Livy Per. 64.

  CHAPTER 5: THE SPOILS OF VICTORY

  1. Sall. Jug. 5.

  2. App. Gall. 13; Plut. Mar 11; Tac. Germ. xxxvii.2; Flor. i.38.3.

  3. Quote: Diod. xxxvii.1. See also: App. Gall. 13; Plut. Mar. 11; Strabo vii.2.2; Tac. Germ. xxxvii.2; Flor. i.38.3.

  4. Quote: Strabo ii.3.6. See also: App. Gall. 13; Flor. i.38.3.

  5. App. Gall. 13; Diod. xxxvii.1.

  6. App. Gall. 13.

  7. App. Gall. 13; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.37; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Strabo v.1.8; Livy Per. 63.

  8. Quote: Flor. i.39.4. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.30; Front. iii.10.7; Dio xxvi.88; Eutr. iv.24; Amm. xxvii.4.4; Livy Per. 63.

  9. Dio xxvi.88; Front. ii.4.3; Flor. i.39.4; Amm. xxvii.4.10; Livy Per. 63, 65.

  10. Cic. Verr. ii.3.184, 4.22, Balb. 28, Fam. ix.21.3; Vell. Pat. ii.8.

  11. Sall. Jug. 36–39; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.26.

  12. Sall. Jug. 43; Vell. Pat. ii.11.

  13. Sall. Jug. 43; Cic. Orat. ii.275–276; Ascon. 68.

  14. Plut. Mar. 7.

  15. Sall. Jug. 43–46; Front. i.8.8.

  16. Sall. Jug. 46–53; Plut. Mar. 7; Front. iv.2; Flor. i.36.1; Val. Max. ii.7.2; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.27; Livy Per. 65.

  17. Sall. Jug. 54.

  18. Quote: Sall. Jug. 40. See also: Cic. Brut. 127–128.

  19. Quote: Plut. CG 18. See also: Cic. Pis. 95, Brut. 127–128, Planc. 69–70, Sest. 140; Vell. Pat. ii.7; Ascon. 17.

  20. Cic. Brut. 127–128; Sall. Jug. 40.

  21. Cic. Brut. 127–128.

  22. Sall. Jug. 65; Cic. Brut. 127–128, Orat. ii.284.

  23. Ascon. 68.

  24. Quote: Flor. i.38.3. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.37; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Ascon. 68, 80; Eutr. iv.27; Livy Per. 65.

  25. Quote: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.37. See also: Vell. Pat. ii.12; Ascon. 68, 80; Flor. xxxviii.3; Eutr. iv.27; Livy Per. 65.

  26. Sall. Jug. 55; Ascon. 80.

  27. Sall. Jug. 56–61; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.27.

  28. Sall. Jug. 61–62; Front. i.8.8.

  29. Quote: Sall. Jug. 62. See also: Dio xxvi.88; Oros. v.15.

  30. Sall. Jug. 63.

  31. Quote: Plut. Mar. 7. See also: Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.38.

  32. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 63. See also: Plut. Mar. 8; Pliny xi.73.

  33. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 64; Plut. Mar. 8; Dio xxvi.89.

  34. Quote: Sall. Jug. 64. See also: Sall. Jug. 65; Plut. Mar. 7; Vell. Pat. ii.11.

  35. Sall. Jug. 66–67; Plut. Mar. 8; Dio xxvi.89.

  36. Sall. Jug. 68–69; Plut. Mar. 8.

  37. Sall. Jug. 69; Plut. Mar. 8.

  38. Quote: Sall. Jug. 72. See also: Front. i.8.8.

  39. Sall. Jug. 73; Plut. Mar. 8; Cic. Off. iii.79.

  40. Sall. Jug. 74–76.

  41. Sall. Jug. 80.

  42. Sall. Jug. 80; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.38; Oros. v.15.

  43. Sall. Jug. 81–83.

  44. Quote: Sall. Jug. 82. See also: Eutr. iv.27.

  45. Quote: Cic. Off. iii.79. See also: Sall. Jug. 73; Plut. Mar. 8.

  46. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 85. See also: Plut. Mar. 8.

  47. Sall. Jug. 73; Gell. xvi.10.

  48. Quote: Sall. Jug. 86. See also: Plut. Mar. 8; Gell. xvi.10; Flor. i.36.1.

  49. Sall. Jug. 86; Flor. i.36.1.

  CHAPTER 6: THE GOLDEN EARRING

  1. Eur. Phoen. 532.

  2. Sall. Jug. 95; Plut. Sulla 1; Vell. Pat. ii.17.

  3. Sall. Jug. 95; Plut. Sulla 1–2; Vell. Pat. ii.17; Val. Max. vi.9.6.

  4. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 95; Plut. Sulla 2. See also: Plut. Mor. 318.c.

  5. Quote: Plut. Sulla 1.

  6. Plut. Sulla 3; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Livy Per. 66.

  7. Sall. Jug. 86; Plut. Mar. 10.

  8. Sall. Jug. 88; Cic. Att. i.16.4, Balb. 11; Vell. Pat. ii.11; Val. Max. ii.10.1.

  9. Sall. Jug. 87–88; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15.

  10. Sall. Jug. 89–92; Front. iii.9.3; Strabo xvii.3.12.

  11. Quote: Sall. Jug. 96. See also: Plut. Sulla 3.

  12. Sall. Jug. 97–101; Front. ii.1.3, 4.10; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.27; Livy Per. 65.

  13. See Chapter 5.

  14. Caes. BG i.7, 12, 14; Oros. v.15; Livy Per. 65.

  15. Oros. v.15; “Cic.” Rhet. i.25; Livy Per. 65.

  16. Quote: “Cic.” Rhet. Her. iv.34. See also: “Cic.” Rhet. Her. i.25; Oros. v.15.

  17. Quote: Cic. Orat. i.225. See also: Cic. Orat. ii.199, Brut. 161, 164.

  18. Quote: Gell. iii.9.7. See also: Strabo iv.1.13; Oros. v.15.

  19. Quote: Just. xxxii.3. See also: Strabo iv.1.13; Gell. iii.9.7; Dio xxvii.90; Oros. v.15.

  20. Sall. Jug. 102; Plut. Sulla 3; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.39; Dio xxvi.89; Flor. i.36.1; Oros. v.15; Livy Per. 66.

  21. Quotes: Sall. Jug. 102. See also: Plut. Sulla 3.

  22. Sall. Jug. 103; Plut. Sulla 3.

  23. Quote: Sall. Jug. 104. See also: Plut. Sulla 3; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.39; Vell. Pat. ii.12.

  24. Sall. Jug. 106–107.

  25. Sall. Jug. 108–109; Plut. Mar. 10.

  26. Sall. Jug. 109–111.

  27. Sall. Jug. 112.

  28. Sall. Jug. 113; Plut. Mar. 10, Sulla 3.

  29. Sall. Jug. 133; Plut. Mar. 10, Sulla 3, Mor. 806.d; Diod. xxxiv/xxxv.39, xxxvi.1; Vell. Pat. ii.2; Val. Max. vi.9.6; viii.14.4; Oros. v.15; Livy Per. 66.

  30. Flor. xxxviii.3.

  31. Dio xxvii.90; Flor. xxxviii.3; Oros. v.16.

  32. Cic. Planc. 12, Mur. 36; Flor. xxxviii.3.

  33. Plut. Mar. 16; Gran. xxxiii.11; Dio xxvii.91; Oros. v.16.

  34. Gran. xxxiii.12; Cic. Luc. 27; Plut. Cam. 19; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Dio xxvii.91; Oros. v.16; Livy Per. 67.

  35. Diod. xxxvi.1; Cic. Orat ii.199–200; Tac. Germ. xxxvii.5; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Flor. xxxviii.3; Oros. v.16; Livy Per. 67.

  36. Diod. xxxvi.1; Plut. Sert. 3; Cic. Orat. ii.199–200; Tac. Germ. xxxvii.5; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Flor. xxxviii.3; Gran. xxxiii.12; Oros. v.16; Eutr. v.1; Livy Per. 67.

  37. Plut. Mar. 14; Livy Per. 67.

  38. Plut. Mar. 11–12; Cic. Prov. 19; Ascon. 78; Eutr. v.1.

  39. Quote: Sall. Jug. 114. See also: Plut. Mar. 12, Sulla 3; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Pliny xxxiii.4; Just. xxxviii.6; Livy Per. 67.

  40. Quote: Flor. i.36.1. See also: Plut. Mar. 12; Vell. Pat. ii.12; “Cic.” Rhet. Her. iv.23; Val. Max. vi.9.14; Oros. v.15; Eutr. iv.27; Livy Per. 67.

  41. Quote: Plut. Mar. 10. See also: Plut. Sulla 3, Mor. 806.d.

  CHAPTER 7: MARIUS’S MULES

  1. Plut. Sulla 12.

  2. Plut. Mar. 16; Flor. i.38.3; Oros. v.16.

  3. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 16. See also: Flor. i.38.3; Oros. v.16.

  4. Quote: Plut. Mar. 18. See also: Flor. i.38.3; Oros. v.16.

  5. Val. Max. ii.3.2; Front. iv.1.2, 2.2; Gran. 14.

  6. Plut. Sulla 4; Vell. Pat. ii.17.

  7. Plut. Mar
. 13–14.

  8. Diod. xxxvi.3.

  9. Diod. xxxvi.3.1–2.

  10. Diod. xxxvi.3.3; Dio xxvii.93.

  11. Diod. xxxvi.4; Dio xxvii.93.

  12. Diod. xxxvi.5–7; Flor. ii.7.19.

  13. Cic. Brut. 129, Off. iii.77; See also: FC.

  14. Cic. Verr. ii.2.118, Nat. Deo. ii.74, Div. Caec. 67; Ascon. 78, 80; Oros. v.15.

  15. Cic. Nat. Deo. ii.74; Ascon. 78; Oros. v.15.

  16. Cic. Leg. Agr. ii.18, Scaur. 1.b, Deiot. 31; Plut. Mor. 91.d; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Val. Max. vi.5.5; Ascon. 21; Dio xxvii.37, 92; Livy Per. 67.

  17. Quote: Cic. Off. ii.73.

  18. Plut. Mar. 13–14.

  19. Plut. Mar. 13–14; Front. iv.1.7; Pliny x.5.

  20. Plut. Mar. 25.

  21. See Sampson, The Crisis of Rome, ch. 11.

  22. Cic. Pro. Cons. 19; Livy Per. 67.

  23. Plut. Mar. 14, Sulla 4, Sert. 3.

  24. Quote: Diod. xxxvi.12. See also: Cic. Har. Resp. 43, Sest. 39, Brut. 224; Diod. xxxvi.12.

  25. Quote: Cic. Brut. 224. See also: Cic. Har. Resp. 43, Sest. 39; Diod. xxxvi.12.

  26. Cic. Orat. ii.124, 197, 199–204. “Cic.” Rhet. Her. i.24; Val. Max. iv.7.3, vi.9.13; Gran. xxxiii.13.

  27. Cic. Orat. ii.125; Gran. xxxiii.13.

  28. Cic. Orat. ii.107, 201.

  29. “Vict.” Vir. Ill. 73; “Caes.” BA 56.

  30. Plut. Mar. 14; Livy Per. 67.

  31. Diod. xxxvi.8.

  32. Quote: Diod. xxxvi.9.

  33. Quote: Diod. xxxvi.9. See also: Plut. Luc. 1.

  34. Plut. Mar. 15; Flor. xxxviii.3.

  35. Plut. Mar. 15; Oros. v.15; Livy Per. 68.

  36. Plut. Mar. 18. See also: Plut. Mar. 15–22; Vell. Pat. ii.12; Pliny iii.4; Strabo iv.1.8; Flor. xxxviii.3; Oros. v.16; Livy Per. 68.

  37. Quote: Plut. Mar. 18. See also: Front. ii.4.6, 7.12; Oros. v.16.

  38. Quotes: Oros. v.16; Plut. Mar. 21. See also: Vell. Pat. ii.12; Livy Per. 68.

  39. Quotes: Cic. Mur. 36; Plut. Sulla 4.

  40. Plut. Mar. 23, Sulla 4, Mor. 202.d-e; Front. i.5.3; Oros. v.16; Livy Per. 68.

  41. Front. i.5.3; Dio xxvii.93.

  42. Quotes: Plut. Mar. 23.

  43. Front. iv.1.13; Val. Max. v.8.4; “Vict.” Vir. Ill. 72.

  44. Quote: Plut. Mar. 23.

  45. Quote: Oros. v.16. See also: Plut. Mar. 23; Dio xxvii.94; Flor. xxxviii.3.

  CHAPTER 8: THE THIRD FOUNDER OF ROME

  1. App. BC i.33.

  2. Quotes: Cic. Brut. 224, Orat. iii.164.

  3. Cic. Sest. 101; Val. Max. iii.8.6, ix.7.2; Flor. ii.4.16.

  4. Val. Max. iii.8.6.