The National Joker

by Thompson, Todd Nathan;

  Jennison, Keith W. The Humorous Mr. Lincoln: A Profile in Wit, Courage, and Compassion. Woodstock, VT: Countryman, 2002.

  “A Job for the New Cabinet Maker.” Cartoon. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, February 2, 1861, 5.

  Johannsen, Robert W. “Stephen A. Douglas’ New England Campaign, 1860.” New England Quarterly 35 (1962): 162–86.

  Johnson, Allen. Stephen A. Douglas: A Study in American Politics. 1908. New York: De Capo, 1970.

  Johnson, Julie Greer. Satire in Colonial Spanish America: Turning the World Upside Down. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1993.

  Justus, James H. Fetching the Old Southwest: Humorous Writing from Longstreet to Twain. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004.

  ———. Introduction. In Inge and Piacentino, Humor of the Old South, 1–12.

  Kaplan, Fred. Lincoln: The Biography of a Writer. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

  Klunder, Willard Carl. Lewis Cass and the Politics of Moderation. Kent: Kent State University Press, 1996.

  “The Last Rail Split by ‘Honest Old Abe.’” Cartoon. Momus, June 2, 1860, 61.

  Lattimer, John K. “The Danger in Claiming that Abraham Lincoln Had the Marfan Syndrome.” Lincoln Fellowship of Wisconsin Historical Bulletin 46 (1991): 38–47.

  ———. “Lincoln Did Not Have the Marfan Syndrome.” New York State Journal of Medicine (1981): 1805–13.

  Lentricchia, Frank. Criticism and Social Change. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.

  Lincoln, Abraham. Abraham Lincoln Papers at the Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. American Memory Project, 2000–2002. Washington, DC. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/alhtml/alhome.html. Accessed February 16, 2014.

  ———. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. 8 vols. Edited by Roy P. Basler. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1953.

  ———. The Life and Writings of Abraham Lincoln. Edited by Philip Van Doren Stern. New York: Modern Library, 2000.

  ———. Mr. Lincoln’s Funnybone: Wherein the White House Joker Retells His Best Yarns & Fables. Edited by Loyd Dunning. New York: Howell, Soskin, 1942.

  The Lincoln Catechism, Wherein the Eccentricities and Beauties of Despotism Are Fully Set Forth: A Guide to the Presidential Election of 1864. New York: Feeks, 1864.

  “Lincoln, Douglas, and the Rail-Fence Handicap.” Poster cartoon. Buffalo, New York, July 1860.

  Lively, James K. “Propaganda Techniques of Civil War Cartoonists.” Public Opinion Quarterly 6 (1942): 99–106.

  Lofaro, Michael A. The Tall Tales of Davy Crockett: The Second Nashville Series of Crockett Almanacs 1839–1841. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1987.

  Logan, Stephen T. “Stephen T. Logan Talks about Lincoln.” Bulletin of the Lincoln Centennial Association 12.1 (1928): 1–5.

  Lordan, Edward J. Politics, Ink: How America’s Cartoonists Skewer Politicians, from King George III to George Dubya. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, 2006.

  Lovingood, Sut. See Harris, George Washington.

  Lowell, James Russell. The Works of James Russell Lowell. Vol. 5. Cambridge, MA: Riverside, 1890.

  Luthin, Reinard. “Abraham Lincoln and the Massachusetts Whigs in 1848.” New England Quarterly 14 (1941): 619–32.

  Marien, Mary Warner. Photography: A Cultural History. London: King, 2002.

  “Masks and Faces.” Cartoon. Southern Illustrated News, November 8, 1862, 8.

  Maurer, Oscar. “‘Punch’ on Slavery and the Civil War in America, 1841–1865.” Victorian Studies 1.1 (1957): 4–28.

  McGill, Meredith L. American Literature and the Culture of Reprinting. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2003.

  McPherson, James. Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.

  ———. “How Lincoln Won the War with Metaphor.” In With My Face to the Enemy: Perspectives on the Civil War, edited by Robert Crowley, 87–102. New York: Putnam’s Sons, 2001.

  Minier, George W. “Geo. W. Minier.” In The Lincoln Memorial: Album-Immortelles, edited by Osborn H. Oldroyd, 187–90. Chicago: GEM, 1882.

  Mitgang, Herbert, ed. Abraham Lincoln: A Press Portrait. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1989.

  Morgan, Matthew Somerville. The American War. London: Chatto and Windus, 1874.

  ———. “In for His Second Innings.” Cartoon. Comic News, December 6, 1864, 240.

  ———. “Pull Devil—Pull Baker.” Cartoon. Comic News, October 8, 1864, 159.

  ———. “The Vampire.” Cartoon. Comic News, November 26, 1864, 221.

  Nast, Thomas. “May the Best Man Win—Uncle Sam Reviewing the Army of Candidates for the Presidential Chair.” Cartoon. Phunny Phellow, April 1864, 8–9.

  ———. “President’s Lincoln’s Inaugural.” Cartoon. New York Illustrated News, March 23, 1861, 320.

  Neely, Mark E., Jr. The Boundaries of American Political Culture in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

  Neely, Mark E., Jr., Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt. The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1987.

  Nerone, John. “Newspapers and the Public Sphere.” In Casper, Groves, Nissenbaum, and Winship, History of the Book, 230–47.

  Newman, William. “A Phenomenon of Portraiture.” Cartoon. Frank Leslie’s Budget of Fun, December 15, 1860, 8.

  ———. “The Tallest Ruler on the Globe.” Cartoon. Frank Leslie’s Budget of Fun, April 1865.

  Nicolay, Helen. Personal Traits of Abraham Lincoln. New York: Century, 1912.

  Norton, Charles Eliot. Review of History of the Administration of President Lincoln. By Henry J. Raymond. North American Review 100.206 (1865): 1–20.

  Old Abe’s Joker, or Wit at the White House. New York: Wehman, 1863.

  Old Abe’s Jokes, Fresh from Abraham’s Bosom, Containing All His Issue, Excepting the “Greenbacks,” to Call in Some of Which, This Work Is Issued. New York: Dawley, 1864.

  The Only Authentic Life of Abraham Lincoln, Alias “Old Abe,” a Son of the West: With an Account of His Birth and Education, His Rail-Splitting and Flat-Boating, His Joke-Cutting and Soldiering, with Some Allusions to His Journeys from Springfield to Washington and Back Again. New York: Offices of Comic Monthly, 1864.

  O’Reilly, Miles. See Halpine, Graham.

  Palmeri, Frank. Satire in Narrative. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1990.

  Paxton, Philip. A Stray Yankee in Texas. New York: Redfield, 1853.

  Piacentino, Ed, ed. The Enduring Legacy of Old Southwest Humor. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006.

  ———. “Intersecting Paths: The Humor of the Old Southwest as Intertext.” In Piacentino, Enduring Legacy, 1–35.

  Plummer, Mark A. Lincoln’s Rail-Splitter: Governor Richard J. Oglesby. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.

  “A Political Race.” Poster cartoon. New York: Rickey, Mallory, September 1860.

  “Political Satire and Satirists.” United States Magazine, and Democratic Review 11.54 (1842): 621–30.

  Poore, Benjamin Perley. “Benjamin Perley Poore.” In Rice, Reminiscences, 217–31.

  Pratt, Harry E., comp. Concerning Mr. Lincoln, in Which Abraham Lincoln Is Pictured as He Appeared to Letter Writers of His Time. Springfield, IL: Abraham Lincoln Association, 1944.

  “The President and the Office-Seekers.” Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, October 31, 1863, 87.

  “President Lincoln’s Inaugural Speech.” Punch (London), December 10, 1864, 237.

  Press, Charles. The Political Cartoon. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1981.

  Raymond, Henry J. The Life and Public Services of Abraham Lincoln, Sixteenth President of the United States; Together with His State Papers, Including His Speeches, Addresses, Messages, Letters, and Proclamations, and the Closing Scenes Connected with His Life and Death. New York: Darby and Miller, 1865.

  “Reprinted Letter.” Frank Lesli
e’s Budget of Fun, May 1, 1861, 2.

  Reynolds, David S. Beneath the American Renaissance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989.

  Rice, Allen Thorndike, ed. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln by Distinguished Men of His Time. New York: North American, 1886.

  Richardson, Heather Cox. The Greatest Nation of the Earth: Republican Economic Policies during the Civil War. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.

  Rosenheim, Edward, Jr. “Norms, Moral and Other, in Satire: A Symposium.” Satire Newsletter 2.1 (1964): 2–25.

  Rourke, Constance. American Humor: A Study of the National Character. New York: Harcourt, 1931.

  Rugg, Arthur Prentice. Abraham Lincoln in Worcester. Worcester, MA: Belisle, 1914.

  Russell, William Howard. My Diary North and South. New York: Harper, 1863.

  Sandage, Scott A. Born Losers: A History of Failure in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005.

  Sandburg, Carl. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and the War Years. New York: Harcourt, 1939.

  Schutz, Charles E. Political Humor: From Aristophanes to Sam Ervin. Rutherford: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1977.

  Scott, John M., to Ida Tarbell, Bloomington, Illinois, August 14, 1895. Tarbell Papers, Allegheny College.

  “Several Little Stories by or about President Lincoln.” New York Herald, February 19, 1864, 5.

  “Several Little Stories by or about President Lincoln.” New York Post, February 17, 1864, 1.

  Shackford, James Atkins. David Crockett: The Man and the Legend. Edited by John B. Shackford. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1956.

  Silver, Andrew. Minstrelsy and Murder: The Crisis of Southern Humor, 1835–1925. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2006.

  Smith, Charles H. Bill Arp, So Called: A Side Show of the Southern Side of the War. New York: Metropolitan Record Office, 1866.

  Smith, Michael T. “The Beast Unleashed: Benjamin F. Butler and Conceptions of Masculinity in the Civil War North.” New England Quarterly 79.2 (2006): 248–76.

  “Southern Punch.” Illustrated Civil War Newspapers and Magazines, 1998–2007. lincolnandthecivilwar.com.

  Speed, Joshua Fry. Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln and Notes of a Visit to California, Two Lectures. Louisville: Morton, 1884.

  Stampp, Kenneth M. “Lincoln and the Secession Crisis.” In Major Problems in the Civil War and Reconstruction, edited by Michael Perman, 72–80. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

  Stedman, Jane W. “American English in Punch, 1841–1900.” American Speech 28.3 (1953): 171–80.

  Stern, Philip Van Doren. Headnote. “Address at Cooper Institute, New York.” In Lincoln, Life and Writings, 568–69.

  ———. Headnote. “From Lincoln’s Opening Speech at the Second Joint Debate at Freeport, Illinois.” In Lincoln, Life and Writings, 474–75.

  Stevens, Walter B. A Reporter’s Lincoln. Edited by Michael Burlingame. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press 1998.

  Stewart, Samuel Boyd. “Joseph Glover Baldwin.” PhD diss., Vanderbilt University, 1941.

  Stowe, Harriet Beecher. Men of Our Times, or Leading Patriots of the Day. 1868. Hartford: Hartford, 1968.

  Strange, James F. Sketches and Eccentricities of Col. David Crockett, of West Tennessee. New York: Harper, 1833.

  Streicher, Lawrence H. “On a Theory of Political Caricature.” Comparative Studies in History 9 (1967): 427–45.

  Strother, David H. [attributed]. Lincoln as monkey. January 14, 1863, Richmond, Virginia. Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington.

  Sumner, Charles. The Promises of the Declaration of Independence: Eulogy on Abraham Lincoln, Delivered before the Municipal Authorities of the City of Boston, June 1, 1865. Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1865.

  Tandy, Jeannette. Crackerbox Philosophers in American Humor and Satire. Port Washington: Columbia University Press, 1925.

  Tebbel, John. The Media in America. New York: Crowell, 1974.

  Tenniel, John. “Britannia Sympathises with Columbia.” Punch (London), May 6, 1865, 183. Alfred Whital Stern Collection of Lincolniana, Rare Book and Special Collections Division, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.

  ———. “The Great ‘Cannon Game.’” Cartoon. Punch (London), May 9, 1863, 191.

  Thomas, Benjamin. “Lincoln’s Humor” and Other Essays. Edited by Michael Burlingame. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002.

  Thompson, Todd. “‘Invectives . . . against the Americans’: Benjamin Franklin’s Satiric Nationalism in the Stamp Act Crisis.” Journal of the Midwest Modern Language Association 40.1 (2007): 25–36.

  ———. “Representative Nobodies: The Politics of Benjamin Franklin’s Satiric Personae, 1722–1757.” Early American Literature 46.3 (2011): 449–80.

  Thompson, W. Fletcher, Jr. The Image of War: The Pictorial Reporting of the American Civil War. New York: Yoseloff, 1959.

  Trent, W. P. “A Retrospect of American Humor.” In Critical Essays on American Humor, edited by William Bedford Clark and W. Craig Turner, 32–46. Boston: Hall, 1984.

  “The Tribune Offering the Chief Magistracy to the Western Cincinnatus.” Cartoon. Momus, June 9, 1860, 73.

  Uncle Abe’s Comic Almanac, 1865. Philadelphia: Fisher, 1864.

  “‘Uncle Sam’ Making New Arrangements.” Poster cartoon. New York: Currier and Ives, 1860.

  Vinton, Ellen A. “Who Are Our American Humorists?” Peterson Magazine, 1895, 1159–64.

  Volck, Adalbert Johann. “Lincoln Signing the Emancipation Proclamation.” Engraving. October 1862. Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

  Ward, A., Jr. “A. Ward, Jr. on the Presidency.” Father Abraham (Reading, PA), August 1, 1864, 1.

  Weber, Jennifer L. “Lincoln’s Critics: The Copperheads.” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 32.1 (2011): 33–47.

  Welles, Gideon. The Diary of Gideon Welles, Vol. 1. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1911.

  West, Richard S. “Budget of Fun.” Illustrated Civil War Newspapers and Magazines, 1998–2007. lincolnandthecivilwar.com.

  ———. “Phunny Phellow.” Illustrated Civil War Newspapers and Magazines, 1998–2007. lincolnandthecivilwar.com.

  Whipple, Wayne. The Story-Life of Lincoln: A Biography Composed of Five Hundred True Stories. Philadelphia: Winston, 1908.

  Whitman, Walt. “Walt Whitman to Nathaniel Bloom and John F. S. Gray. March 19–20, 1863.” In The Correspondence, edited by Edwin Haviland Miller, 1:1842–67, 80–85. New York: New York University Press, 1961.

  Wilson, Douglas L. Lincoln before Washington: New Perspectives on the Illinois Years. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1997.

  ———. Lincoln’s Sword: The Presidency and the Power of Words. New York: Knopf, 2006.

  Wilson, Douglas L., and Rodney O. Davis, eds. Herndon’s Informants. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1998.

  Wilson, Rufus Rockwell. Lincoln in Caricature. New York: Horizon, 1953.

  Winkle, Kenneth J. The Young Eagle: The Rise of Abraham Lincoln. Dallas: Taylor, 2001.

  Winter, Aaron McLean. “The Laughing Doves of 1812 and the Satiric Endowment of Antiwar Rhetoric in the United States.” PMLA 124.5 (2009): 1562–81.

  “With All Thy Faults.” Cartoon. Phunny Phellow, January 1865, 8–9.

  Winship, Michael. “Manufacturing and Book Production.” In Casper, Groves, Nissenbaum, and Winship, History of the Book, 40–69.

  Woodford, Frank B. Lewis Cass: The Last Jeffersonian. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1950.

  Woods, Michael. “Lincoln’s Health Draws Scrutiny.” Pittsburgh (PA) Post-Gazette, July 25, 2000, 25.

  A Workingman’s Reasons for the Re-Election of Abraham Lincoln. 1864. Pamphlet. Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana.

  Wyllie, Irvin G. The Self-Made Man in America: The Myth of Rags to Riches. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1954.

  “Yankee Humor.” Every Saturday: A Journal of Choice Reading, March 16, 1
867.

  Ye Book of Copperheads. Philadelphia: Leypoldt, 1863.

  Zall, P. M., ed. Abe Lincoln Laughing: Humorous Anecdotes from Original Sources by and about Abraham Lincoln. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

  ———. Abe Lincoln’s Legacy of Laughter: Humorous Stories by and about Abraham Lincoln. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 2007.

  ———. Lincoln on Lincoln. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1999.

  Index

  Italicized page numbers indicate figures.

  “Abduction of the Yankee Goddess of Liberty,” 90, 92, 92

  abolition, 30, 77–78, 78, 99–100. See also Emancipation Proclamation; slavery

  Abraham Africanus I (Feeks), 28–29, 93, 95, 104, 105

  Abraham Lincoln, the Young Backwoods Boy (Alger), 88

  “Abraham Lincoln. Foully Assassinated, April 14, 1865,” 113, 154n42

  Aesop’s fables, 9, 12–13, 24, 29, 145n6, 145n8

  Alger, Horatio, 65; Abraham Lincoln, the Young Backwoods Boy, 88

  American War, The (Morgan), 112–13

  Aristotle, 44, 45, 148n8. See also irony

  Arp, Bill (Charles H. Smith), 29, 96, 98–100, 103–4; Bill Arp, So Called: A Side Show of the Southern Side of the War, 29, 104

  Baldwin, Joseph Glover, 9, 19; Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi, 17–18

  Baker, Joseph E.: “Columbia Demands Her Children!,” 25, 27; “Rail Splitter at Work Repairing the Union,” 79–80, 80

  Bakhtin, Mikhail, 144nn16–17

  Bank of Illinois. See Illinois state bank

  Beecher, Henry Ward, 83

  Bell, John, 77, 77, 127, 127

  Bellew, Frank, 1, 34; “Good Uncle and the Naughty Boy,” 131, 132; “Lincoln’s Last Warning,” 77, 78; “Long Abraham a Little Longer,” 133, 134; “National Joker,” 1, 25, 27, 28, 31, 32; “Presidential Cobblers and Wire-Pullers,” 130, 131; “‘Rail’ Old Western Gentleman,” 123; “This Reminds Me of a Little Joke,” 31–32, 32, 131–32

  Benedict, Almon H., 125

  Bible, 12, 14, 19, 43

  Biglow Papers, The (Lowell), 2, 23

  Black Hawk War, 5, 49–52

  black Republican, 94–102, 97, 103. See also Republican Party

  “‘Boy’ Lost!,” 125–26, 126. See also Douglas, Stephen A. (Senator)