Denial [Movie Tie-in]

by Deborah E. Lipstadt

  20.IvP&DL, Day 3 (January 13, 2000), pp. 96–99.

  21.Closing Statements, 5(i)e.B3.18, p. 32.

  22.Sunday Telegraph (London), January 16, 2000; Jewish Telegraphic Agency, January 18, 2000; Chicago Tribune, January 23, 2000. (According to some reporters, the woman said her grandparents died in Auschwitz. The reporter who spoke to me said “her parents.”)

  CHAPTER 8: THE HOLOCAUST: RANDOM KILLINGS OR SYSTEMATIC GENOCIDE?

  1.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 10, 11.

  2.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 18–19.

  3.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 46–60. For a discussion of British treatment of German decodes regarding the Holocaust, see Richard Breitman, Official Secrets (New York: Hill and Wang, 1998), Chapter 6.

  4.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 62–63. For other instances of assertions by Irving that these were ad hoc killings see Closing Statements, 5.ix.b, p. 2.

  5.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 64–69.

  6.Christopher R. Browning, Evidence for the Implementation of the Final Solution, Expert Opinion, IvP&DL (hereafter Browning Report), 4.2.8, p. 16. Browning Report available at www.hdot.org, “Evidence” (accessed February 22, 2004).

  7.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 79–80.

  8.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 86–88.

  9.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), p. 89.

  10.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 94–96.

  11.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 102–3. According to Irving, members of these Eastern European ethnic groups had seen their homes and families bombed and took revenge on the Jews. As Evans observed in his report, Irving never explained how Allied bombing raids on Germany could have turned these people against the Jews. Audiocassette 8: David Irving Press Conference, Brisbane, March 20, 1986, 445–58. Audiocassette 89: Terry Lane, ABC 3LO Radio, interview with David Irving, March 18, 1986, as cited in Evans Report, 3.4(c)1–3, pp. 134–35.

  12.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 102–8.

  13.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 110, 113–14, 115, 122.

  14.IvP&DL, Day 4 (January 17, 2000), pp. 153–57.

  15.IvP&DL, Day 5 (January 18, 2000), pp. 138–40.

  16.IvP&DL, Day 6 (January 19, 2000), pp. 42–45, 47–51.

  17.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 25, 41–43, 47–48. D. C. Watt, “Introduction,” Breach of Security, ed. David Irving (London: W. Kimber, 1968), pp. 15–42.

  18.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 114–25.

  19.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 128–29.

  20.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 141–42, 160–63.

  21.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 183–85.

  22.IvP&DL, Day 7 (January 20, 2000), pp. 185–89, 192.

  23.This idea was suggested by Thomas Powers in Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb (New York: Knopf, 1993). For a less benign view of Heisenberg’s activities see Jeremy Bernstein’s Hitler’s Uranium Club: The Secret Recordings at Farm Hall (Woodbury, N.Y.: AIP Press, 1996).

  24.David Irving, The Virus House (London: W. Kimber, 1967).

  CHAPTER 9: QUEUES AND GAS CHAMBER CONTROVERSIES

  1.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 6, 7.

  2.For Vaillant-Couturier’s testimony, see Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, vol. 6, forty-fourth day, Monday, January 28, 1946, Morning Session, http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/proc/01-28-46.htm (accessed August 26, 2004).

  3.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 14–23. Irving’s Nuremberg: The Last Battle contained a photograph of Vaillant-Couturier with the following caption: “Credibility Problems.” The caption stated: “As Madame Marie-Claude Vaillant-Couturier . . . testified about her ordeal as a Communist interned at Auschwitz, Judge Francis Biddle notes that he does not believe her.” David Irving, Nuremberg: The Last Battle (London: Focal Point, 1996), picture caption after p. 182. For a summary of Irving’s various statements regarding Vaillant-Couturier’s testimony see Closing Statements, 5(i)p, pp. 72–75.

  4.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 24–27.

  5.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), p. 62.

  6.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 86–87.

  7.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), p. 135.

  8.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 88, 141–42.

  9.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 145–49.

  10.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), pp. 178–79.

  11.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), pp. 6–9.

  12.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), pp. 10–13.

  13.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), p. 47.

  14.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), p. 81.

  15.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), p. 141.

  16.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), pp. 141–51.

  17.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), p. 164. For Bimko’s testimony see Trial of Josef Kramer and Forty-four Others (The Belsen Trial), ed. Raymond Phillips (London: W. Hodge, 1949), pp. 16, 66, 68, 742.

  18.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), pp. 166–68.

  19.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), p. 63.

  20.Robert Jay Lifton, The Nazi Doctors (New York: Basic Books, 1986), pp. 15–16, 232. For a slightly different version of this quote see Ella Lingens-Reiner, Prisoners of Fear (London: Gollancz, 1948), pp. 1–2.

  21.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), pp. 186–87.

  22.IvP&DL, Day 9 (January 25, 2000), p. 193.

  23.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 4, 22.

  24.These wire-mesh columns were attached to the four structural columns supporting the roof. Since two of the wire columns were on the east side of the structural columns and two on the west side, they formed a staggered arrangement. IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), p. 43.

  25.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 52, 53.

  26.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 78, 100. Testimony of Henryk Tauber, as quoted in Jean-Claude Pressac, Auschwitz: Technique and Operation of the Gas Chamber (Paris: CNRS Éditions, 1993), pp. 489, 494. See also Van Pelt Report, part 2, sec. IV, p. 190.

  27.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 78, 86.

  28.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 147–49.

  29.Those Were the Days: The Holocaust As Seen by the Perpetrators and Bystanders, ed. Ernst Klee, Willi Dressen, and Volker Riess; trans. Deborah Burnstone (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1993), pp. 252–55.

  30.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 94–95.

  31.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 99–103.

  32.IvP&DL, Day 8 (January 24, 2000), p. 144.

  33.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), p. 184.

  34.IvP&DL, Day 10 (January 26, 2000), pp. 184–86.

  35.James Dalrymple, “The Curse of Revisionism,” Independent (London), January 29, 2000.

  36.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 10–11.

  37.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 16–44.

  38.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 47–50.

  39.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 48–50, 87–89.

  40.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 148, 151–52.

  41.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), pp. 162–64.

  42.IvP&DL, Day 11 (January 27, 2000), p. 189.

  43.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), pp. 16–17.

  CHAPTER 10: AN AMERICAN PROFESSOR

  1.Kevin B. MacDonald, The Culture of Critique: An Evolutionary Analysis of Jewish Involvement in Twentieth-Century Intellectual and Political Movements (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998); idem., Separation and Its Discontents: Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Anti-Semitism (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1998); idem., A People That Shall Dwell Alone: Judaism as a Group Evolutionary Strategy (Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1994).

  2.Kevin MacDonald, “Shulevitz’ Yellow Journalism,” Culturebox, Slate Magazine, January 27, 2000. http://slate.msn.com/id/73780/#ContinueArticle (accessed September 3, 2004).

  3.Ibid.

  4.Kevin Mac
Donald, “Witness Statement,” par. 3. http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/statement_court.htm (accessed March 3, 2004).

  5.MacDonald, “Shulevitz’ Yellow Journalism.”

  6.MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents, pp. 177–78. After the trial, MacDonald replied to critics on his website that German Jews’ “lack of assimilation” at the time the Nazis came to power “created a volatile situation in which exclusionary policies on the part of the Germans would be one likely outcome.” Kevin MacDonald, “Replies to Donald Schwartz,” http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/replies.htm (accessed August 15, 2004).

  7.Kevin MacDonald, “Statement on Trial Testimony,” www.ihr.org/jhr/v19/v19n1p56_MacDonald.html, see also: http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/media_flyer.htm (accessed August 17, 2004). After the trial, MacDonald attacked Evans for having written in 1989, “Nazi antisemitism was gratuitous: It was not provoked by anything. . . . It was born out of a political fantasy.” He described this as a “dogmatic statement,” which makes no attempt to determine the factual basis of antisemitism. Kevin MacDonald, “Reply to Tooby & Shulevitz,” http://www.csulb.edu/~kmacd/tooby.html (accessed August 17, 2004).

  8.MacDonald, “Shulevitz’ Yellow Journalism.”

  9.MacDonald, Separation and Its Discontents, pp. 177–78; idem., Culture of Critique, p. 92.

  10.Fritz Hippler, Der ewige Jude: ein dokumentarischer Film (Deutsche Filmherstellungs- und Vertriebs G.m.b.H., 1938). See also Stig Hornshoj-Moller, “Der ewige Jude,” http://www.holocaust-history.org/der-ewige-jude/stills.shtml (accessed January 2, 2004).

  11.Judith Shulevitz, “Evolutionary Psychology’s Anti-Semite,” Culturebox, Slate Magazine, January 24, 2000. http://slate.msn.com/id/1004446/(accessed March 14, 2004).

  12.For some of the discussion MacDonald’s testimony generated, see http://www.h-net.org/logsearch/. Keywords: MacDonald, Lipstadt, Irving.

  13.John Tooby email to Deborah Lipstadt, January 30, 2000.

  14.Steven Pinker, “Battling Bad Ideas,” January 27, 2000, www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/cep/slatedialog.html (accessed August 12, 2004).

  15.Judith Shulevitz, “On Fighting Bad Ideas,” Culturebox, Slate, January 25, 2000. August 12, 2002. http://slate.msn.com/id/1004469/; Judith Shulevitz, “MacDonald vs. Culturebox, Continued,” Culturebox, Slate, January 27, 2000. http://slate.msn.com/id/1004480/(accessed September 15, 2004). “Slate Magazine Dialogue On: How to Deal with Fringe Academics,” Center for Evolutionary Psychology. Homepage. N.D. http://www.psych.ucsb.edu/research/cep/slatedialog.html (accessed September 15, 2004).

  16.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 6–7.

  17.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 9–16.

  18.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 15–17.

  19.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 18–24.

  20.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 24–25.

  21.Dan Jacobson, “The Downfall of David Irving,” Times Literary Supplement, March 12, 2000.

  CHAPTER 11: EXONERATING HITLER, EXCORIATING THE ALLIES

  1.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 26–28.

  2.The Destruction of Hungarian Jewry, ed. R. Braham, vol. 1 (New York: Pro Arte, 1963), docs. 86, 92. See also Debórah Dwork and Robert Jan van Pelt, Holocaust: A History (New York: W. W. Norton, 2002), pp. 172–73.

  3.Staatsmänner und Diplomaten bei Hitler, ed. A. Hillgruber, vol. 2, p. 256, as cited in Evans Report, 4.3(h)(ii)3, pp. 441–42.

  4.Irving, Hitler’s War (1977), p. 872; idem., Hitler’s War (1991), pp. 541–42; Evans Report, 4.3(h)(iii)A, p. 443.

  5.Irving, Hitler’s War (1977), p. 509, as cited in Evans Report, 4.3(h)(iii)C1, pp. 446–47.

  6.Ibid.; repeated in David Irving, “Hitler and the Jews,” Spectator, September 30, 1978 (correspondence column).

  7.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 41–42.

  8.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 43–49, 56.

  9.David Irving, Göring: A Biography (New York: Morrow, 1989), p. 59; Evans Report, 4.3(b) (ii), pp. 225–26.

  10.Evans Report, 4.3(b)(iii)–(v), pp. 226–30.

  11.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 63–73.

  12.David Irving, Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich (London: Focal Point, 1996), pp. 276–77.

  13.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 88–90.

  14.Evans Report, 4.3(c)(ii)(F)9–11, pp. 265–67.

  15.IvP&DL, Day 12 (January 31, 2000), pp. 110–11. What this telex did halt were attacks that endangered German property, the looting of Jewish shops and dwellings, and assaults on foreigners, even if they were Jews. Evans Report, 4.3(c)(ii)(F)1–4, pp. 262–63.

  16.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), pp. 59–69.

  17.David Irving at Dresden, February 13, 1990, Closing Statements, 5(iv)(a)(ii)15, p. 8.

  18.Evans Report, 5.2(d)(i)–(iii), pp. 508–23. See also Richard Evans, Lying about Hitler, p. 154.

  19.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), pp. 83–89.

  20.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), pp. 91–93.

  21.Theo Miller to Irving, February 7, 25, 26, 1965, as cited in Evans Report, 5.2(d)(iii)(E)1–5, pp. 537–40.

  22.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), pp. 135–43.

  23.Evans Report, 5.2(d)(v)1–5, pp. 552–54. For a list of Irving’s widely varying estimates of the Dresden death toll, see Closing Statement, 5(vii)(a)1.1–1.3, pp. 1–3.

  24.IvP&DL, Day 13 (February 1, 2000), p. 159. Evans Report, 5.2(f)4, p. 572.

  CHAPTER 12: FIGHTING WORDS

  1.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), p. 84.

  2.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 88–96.

  3.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 96–100.

  4.David Irving, “David Irving on Freedom of Speech,” Victoria, British Columbia, October 28, 1992, http://www.fpp.co.uk/speeches/speech281092.html (accessed January 12, 2004). Mandela was imprisoned for twenty-six years.

  5.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 105–7.

  6.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 108–12.

  7.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 112–13.

  8.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 113–14.

  9.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 130–33. David Irving at Tampa, Florida, October 6, 1995, “Irving: Self-Portrait,” 1.4/A, K3, Tab. 20, pp. 16–19.

  10.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), pp. 138–39. David Irving at Tampa, Florida, October 6, 1995, op. cit.

  11.IvP&DL, Day 14 (February 2, 2000), p. 145.

  12.Irving’s Diaries, December 8–13, 23, 30, 1994, “Evidence of David Irving’s Right Wing Extremism” (hereafter RWE), sec. 004, IvP&DL, www.hdot.org (accessed January 12, 2004). David Duke, My Awakening (Newport Beach, Calif.: Noontide Press, 1998), p. 245. In 1994, Duke sent Irving a list of four hundred people who had donated over $100 to his campaign. Irving noted in his diary that there were “some names I recognize.” After “weed[ing] out those names,” possibly because they were already on Irving’s own list, he proclaimed it “time to get to work on milking the David Duke list.” Immediately after the bombing of the Oklahoma City federal building, Irving and Duke checked whether they had a “Jimmy [sic] McVeigh” on their mailing lists. If Irving found such a name he intended to go directly to the FBI. I found it striking that Irving even suspected that he might find McVeigh among his supporters. Irving diary, October 31, 1994; November 1, 1994; May 8, 1995; December 8–13, 23, 1994; January 6–7, 1995; November 15, 1997. RWE, sec. 004, IvP&DL, http://www.hdot.org/nsindex.html (accessed March 12, 2004).

  13.Spotlight, which was published by Carto, featured articles such as “Famous Gas Chamber Victims Living Well” and “White Race Becoming an Endangered Species?” Carto’s Noontide Press published The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, Mein Kampf, and Henry Ford’s The International Jew. Irving met Carto and corresponded with him. After one such meeting he reassured Carto that “you . . . and the rest of the gang are nice guys and I’ll punch anyone in the nose who says different.” Publicly Irving tried to keep his distance. D
uring the Zündel trial, when Carto told Irving that he would “make a song and dance in The Spotlight about the trial,” Irving “panicked” and instructed him “to lay off any publicity” because he was then “in mid-deal in New York on two books and any publicity here of the Toronto testimony could sink the deal.”

  Eventually Irving seemed to grow less concerned about his Carto links. In 1994, Irving told Carto that he might consider becoming editor of the IHR’s Journal of Historical Review. Though he never took the position, he warmly endorsed the publication: “It is sincere, balanced, objective, and devoid of polemics. It presents the enemies of truth with a serious opponent. . . . [L]ong may . . . the Journal stay unchanged—staunch and unflinching.” David Irving, “A Radical’s Diary,” Focal Point, March 8, 1982, p. 13; Irving to Willis Carto, November 18, 1994, Interrogatories, October 1999 draft, p. 68; Diary of David Irving, April 28, 1988, May 4, 1994, Interrogatories, October 1999, pp. 67, 75. For Irving’s endorsement of the IHR, http://www.ihr.org/other/endorsements.html (accessed July 12, 2004).

  14.IvP&DL, Day 15 (February 3, 2000), pp. 10–15.

  15.IvP&DL, Day 15 (February 3, 2000), p. 17.

  16.IvP&DL, Day 15 (February 3, 2000), pp. 20–22.

  17.Kate Kelland, “British Historian Refuses to Tame Views,” Reuters, February 4, 2000.

  CHAPTER 13: REVOLTING CALCULATIONS

  1.Irving Diaries, June 10–11, 1992, July 2–3, 1999. Closing Statements, 5(viii)(a), pp. 1–6.

  2.IvP&DL, Day 15 (February 3, 2000), pp. 46, 51, 55, 69, 74–75.

  3.Daniel Snowman, “John Keegan,” History Today, May, 2000, http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1373/is_5_50/ai_62087850 (accessed September 15, 2004). I knew that Keegan had not participated in a war because of a physical disability; I did not know that it was so severe.

  4.IvP&DL, Day 16 (February 7, 2000), pp. 4–9.

  5.IvP&DL, Day 16 (February 7, 2000), pp. 12–13.

  6.IvP&DL, Day 16 (February 7, 2000), pp. 16–20.

  7.The Einsatzgruppen Reports, ed. Yitzhak Arad, Shmuel Krakowski, and Shmuel Spector (New York: Holocaust Library, 1989), pp. xiii–xv. Turkey has not yet made the documentation regarding the Armenian genocide fully available to researchers.

  8.IvP&DL, Day 16 (February 7, 2000), pp. 35, 36.

  9.IvP&DL, Day 16 (February 7, 2000), pp. 43–44.