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The Adventure of English

Page 37

by Melvyn Bragg


  Sanskrit

  trade with

  words from

  Indo-European

  Industrial Revolution

  “industry,”

  Inkhorn Controversy

  “The Integrated Adjective” (O’Grady)

  Interlingua

  international language

  Internet

  intoxication

  Ireland/Irish

  Italian

  Jackson, Andrew

  Jamaica

  James VI, King

  Japan

  jeans (Levis)

  Jefferson, Thomas

  Jenkins, Jennifer

  Jespersen, Otto

  John, King

  Johnson, Samuel

  Jones, Charles C., Jr.

  Jones, William

  Jonson, Ben

  journalism

  Jutes

  “kangaroo,”

  Keats, John

  King James Bible

  Kipling, Rudyard

  “knave,”

  knights

  Knox, Alfred

  Kolkata (Calcutta)

  Ku Klux Klan

  Lake District (England)

  Langland, William

  language

  disappearance of

  evolution of

  international/global

  as means to end all disputes

  original

  as product of all types of people

  universal

  written (see writing)

  Latin

  Alfred’s translations

  Black Death, effects of

  as international language

  language of the Church

  Normans and

  Renaissance and

  science and

  words from

  Wycliffe’s Bible translation and

  Lauder, Afferbeck

  Lavoisier, Antoine

  Lawrence, D. H.

  Le Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française

  Let Stalk Strine (Lauder)

  Lewis, Meriwether

  Lewis and Clark expedition

  Lindisfarne Gospels

  Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English

  lions

  Little Dorrit (Dickens)

  Lloyds Coffee House

  Locke, John

  Lockhart, John

  Lollards

  London (England)

  London Labour and the London Poor (Mayhew)

  Lord’s Prayer

  Lou, Miss

  Louisiana Purchase

  Lowe, Katie

  Lowth, Robert

  lullaby

  Luther, Martin

  Lyell, Charles

  Lyrical Ballads (Wordsworth)

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington

  Macmillan, Harold

  Macpherson, James

  Macquarie Dictionary

  Made in America (Bryson)

  Magna Carta

  malapropisms

  Malay

  Maldon, Battle of (991)

  Malory, Thomas

  Mandarin Chinese

  Manning, Harold

  Marie de France

  Marshall, William, Earl of Pembroke

  Masters of Chancery

  Matthew Bible

  Matthews, Samuel

  Mayflower Compact

  Mayhew, Henry

  McCoy, Joseph

  McCrum, Robert

  medicine

  The Memoirs of John Ker of Kersland

  The Merry Wives of Windsor (Shakespeare)

  Mexican language

  Middle English

  A Midsummer Night’s Dream (Shakespeare)

  Mill, John Stuart

  Mind Your Hs, Harry Hawkins’ H Book

  Modern English

  Mohocks

  Monboddo, Lord

  More, Thomas

  Morrison, Toni

  Mother Tongue (Bryson)

  movies

  Mugglestone, Linda

  Mulcaster, Richard

  My Fair Lady (movie)

  The Myrrour of the Worlde

  Mystery Plays

  Nahautl

  Native Americans

  Indian pidgin

  Pilgrims and

  words from

  Netherlands

  New England Primer

  New England’s Prospect (Wood)

  Newton, Isaac

  A New Voyage to Guinea (Smith)

  Nicholas of Guildford

  Nicolini, Marquis

  Niger-Congo language family

  “nigger,”

  Nixon, Richard

  Norman Conquest

  assimilation

  Black Death and

  Edward I

  Eleanor of Aquitaine

  feudalism

  Henry II, King

  Henry IV, King

  Peasant’s Revolt (1381)

  Richard II

  survival of English

  William the Conqueror

  Norman French

  almost synonyms

  English resistance to

  imposition of

  as language of trade

  poetic tradition

  Renaissance and

  as threat to English

  words from

  Northanger Abbey (Austen)

  Norwegians

  novels

  Novial

  Of English Verse (Waller)

  O’Grady, John

  “OK/okay,”

  Old English

  Alfred’s translations from Latin

  alphabet

  American western frontier and

  Battle of Maldon, story of

  Beowulf

  Christianity and

  Churchill’s speech

  common words from

  Cumbrian dialect and

  Exeter Book

  Inkhorn Controversy

  lullaby

  Norman Conquest and

  plurals

  prepositions

  Shakespeare and

  word order

  written

  Oldmixon, John

  Old Norse

  Oliver Twist (Dickens)

  Omeros (Walcott)

  On the Dialect of the Craven (Anon)

  Oregon trail

  Orm

  Ormulum (Orm)

  Orwell, George

  Ossian Poems

  Othello (Shakespeare)

  Our Mutual Friend (Dickens)

  Ovington, John

  “The Owl and the Nightingale” (Nicholas of Guildford)

  Oxford English Dictionary

  Oxford University

  Paine, Thomas

  Paston Letters

  Pastoral Care (Pope Gregory)

  Patterson, Banjo

  Patwa

  Peano, Giuseppe

  Peasants’ Revolt (1381)

  Penkridge, Richard

  Penn, William

  Pennsylvania

  Pennsylvania Dutch

  Persian

  Peru

  Peterborough Chronicle

  Pettie, George

  Pevensey Castle (England)

  Philip II, King

  Philip IV, King

  physics

  pidgin

  Piers Plowman (Langland)

  Pinker, Stephen

  piracy

  plague

  plain English

  planets

  Plimouth Plantation (Massachusetts)

  plurals

  Poems — Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect (Burns)

  poetry

  alliterative verse

  Beowulf

  Burns, Robert

  fixed language and

  Keats, John

  Langland’s Piers Plowman

  Norman Conquest and

  Ossian Poems

  Renaissance

  runes and

  Scotland

  Wordsworth, William

  Polychronicon (
Higden)

  Poor LittleH — Its Use and Abuse

  Pope, Alexander

  Porter, Roy

  Portugal

  prefixes

  prepositions

  Priestley, Joseph

  printing press

  Pronouncing Dictionary (Walker)

  pronouns

  pronunciation

  Proposal for Correcting, Improving and Ascertaining the English Tongue (Swift)

  Protestantism

  Protocollum books

  Puttenham, George

  Pygmalion (Shaw)

  Queen’s Men

  racism

  Raj

  Raleigh, Walter

  Ralph Roister Doister

  Rasta

  The Recuyell of the Historyes of Troye (Caxton translation)

  Renaissance. See also Shakespeare, William

  dialects and

  dictionaries

  imported vocabulary

  Inkhorn Controversy

  poetry

  theater

  Richard II,

  Richardson, Samuel

  The Rights of Man (Paine)

  The Rivals (Sheridan)

  Robinson Crusoe (Defoe)

  Robison, John

  Roget, Peter Mark

  Roman alphabet

  Roman Catholic Church

  Alfred’s Latin-English translations

  arrival in England

  book-burning

  Council of Constance (1414)

  English and

  power of

  Tyndale and

  Wycliffe and

  Romance languages

  Roman Empire

  Romany words

  The Routes of English (radio)

  Roy, Rammohan

  Royal Society

  rude words

  The Rudiments of English Grammar (Priestley)

  Rules to be Observed by the Natives of Scotland for attaining a just Pronunciation of English (Walker)

  runes

  Russian

  Sabir

  St. Kitts

  Sanskrit

  Santa Fe trail

  Savage, Richard (Iscariot Hackney)

  Saxons

  Schleyer, Johann Martin

  science

  Scotland

  Scots in America

  Select Society (Edinburgh)

  “Sermo Lupi” (Wulfstan)

  Shakespeare, William

  Antony and Cleopatra

  censorship of

  education

  Hamlet

  Henry V

  knave insults

  life of

  The Merry Wives of Windsor

  A Midsummer Night’s Dream

  Othello

  sonnets

  The Tempest

  use of dialects

  use of swear words

  words from

  Shaw, George Bernard

  Shepherd’s Play

  Sheridan, Richard Brinsley

  Sheridan, Thomas

  Sherwood, Martha

  Short Introduction to English Grammar (Lowth)

  Sidney, Philip

  Sigismund, Emperor, King of Hungary

  Signet Office

  Singapore/Singlish

  slang

  slavery

  Smellie, William

  Smith, Adam

  Smith, William

  Smith, William (captain)

  soaps (television)

  sonnets

  South Africa

  Spain

  Spanish Armada

  spelling

  spelling bees

  Spenser, Edmund

  spirituals

  Squanto

  Standard English

  black English vs.

  Chancery and

  dialects

  Great Vowel Shift (GVS)

  Henry V and

  plurals

  printing press and

  spelling

  Tamperers and

  Stratford-upon-Avon (England)

  Strauss, Levi

  stress

  “subject-matter,”

  sugar

  Sullivan’s Island (South Carolina)

  “Sumer is icumen in” (song)

  surnames

  swear words. See also rude words

  Swift, Jonathan

  syllables

  synonyms

  The Table Alphabeticall (Cawdrey)

  Tall Talk

  Tamil

  Tamperers

  technology

  television

  The Tempest (Shakespeare)

  1066 and All That

  Text English

  Thanksgiving

  theater

  The Times (London, India)

  Todd, Mike

  Tooke, John Horne

  Tower of Babel

  trade

  French and

  India

  slave

  and spread of English

  Vikings and

  Treatise on the Lowland Dialect of Scotland (Douglas)

  Trevisa, John

  Tristram Shandy (Sterne)

  Troilus and Criseyde (Chaucer)

  Troyes, Treaty of (1420)

  Twain, Mark

  Tyler, Wat

  Tyndale, William

  Ulstermen

  Uncle Remus stories

  Uranus

  van Buren, Martin

  Vaux, James Hardy

  verb-to-noun conversions

  Victoria, Queen

  Vikings

  Danes

  influence on English place and family names

  Norwegians

  Old Norse

  words from

  “virtue,”

  Volapuk

  Voyages (Hakluyt)

  Wace (poet)

  Walcott, Derek

  Wales/Welsh

  Walker, John

  Waller, Edmund

  “Waltzing Matilda” (Patterson)

  Warner, Thomas

  Watt, James

  Webster, Noah

  Weever, John

  Welsh. See Wales/Welsh

  West African languages

  western frontier. See American western frontier

  West Indies

  African languages in

  creole

  English dialects in

  pidgin

  sugar

  words from

  White Tower (London)

  Whitman, Walt

  Wigton (England)

  Wilberforce, William

  Wilde, Oscar

  Wilkins, John

  William I, King, the Conqueror

  William of Malmesbury

  William of Nassington

  Wilson, Thomas

  Wilson, Woodrow

  Witherspoon, John

  Wodehouse, P. G.

  Wolsey, Cardinal

  Wood, William

  word order

  Wordsworth, William

  World War I

  writing

  alphabets

  importance of

  and speech, gap between

  spelling

  Wulfstan, Archbishop

  Wyatt, Thomas

  Wycliffe, John

  Yiddish

  Yorkshire English

  Zamenhof, L. L.

 

 

 


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