166 George watched: Hayes, “Report on Medical Tactics,” p. 14.
167 The chocolate bars came: “Notes on the 1st Battalion, 4th Marines,” p. 1.
167 Highly concentrated: Stauffer, Army in World War II, p. 304.
167 First Battalion troops: “Notes on the 1st Battalion, 4th Marines,” p. 1.
167 The chalk V: Toland, Rising Sun, 1:387.
167 Then there was: B. H. Chamberlain, Things Japanese, quoted in R.W. Burchfield, A Supplement to the Oxford English Dictionary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976), p. 2:1211.
167 “Chief Tomas picked”: J. E. Lighter, ed., Random House Historical Dictionary of American Slang (New York: Random House, 1997), pp. 2:251, 669.
168 The marines were nearly: Beecher, “Experiences,” p. 18.
168 Scoured out of: Hayes, “Report on Medical Tactics,” p. 13.
168 “Couple casualties”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 33.
168 They were, though: William C. Braly, “Corregidor Log,” p. 2:1, Braly Papers, Box 3, MHI.
168 That afternoon a column: McBride, “Notes on the Fall,” p. 109.
168 They were confined: Waterous, “Statement of Experiences,” pp. 112-13.
168 Apparently one of Matsuii’s officers: Norman, Band of Angels, p. 94; Weinstein, Barbed-Wire Surgeon, pp. 49-52.
168 The surrender at Hospital No. 2: Gillespie, “Recollections,” p. 24.
168 “Anyone caught”: Bumgarner, Parade, p. 78.
168 A guard was posted: William J. Priestly, “57 Infantry PS, Diary,” Book 2, “Chronology from Col. Wm. Craige—Med Report,” Louis Morton Papers, Box 9, MHI.
169 Battery personnel moved: Colonel William D. North, testimony, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG153, Entry 177, Vol. 7, Box 2, p. 808, NARA.
169 The Americans had raised: Melvyn H. McCoy, S. M. Mellnik, and Welbourn Kelley, Ten Escape from Tojo (New York: Farrar and Rinehart, 1944), p. 17.
169 On April 22: Gillespie, “Recollections,” p. 27.
169 The day after: Walter H. Waterous, testimony, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Entry 177, Vol. 7, Box 2, p. 763, NARA.
169 Those who wanted: ibid.
169 A few were: ibid.
169 Japanese soldiers: Cooper, “Medical Department,” p. 173.
169 The patients at Hospital No. 2: Waterous, “Statement of Experiences,” p. 84.
169 Sekiguchi’s men had: Walter H. Waterous, testimony, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Entry 177, Vol. 7, Box 2, p. 757, NARA.
169 When the American: Colonel William D. North, testimony, ibid., p. 809, NARA.
170 Despite repeated requests: Gillespie, “Recollections,” p. 20.
170 “We got nothing”: ibid., p. 26.
170 A medical detachment: ibid., p. 28.
170 “Many of us turned”: Quoted in Norman, Band of Angels, p. 95.
171 The area, known as: This account is based on Patrick Clancey, “The Siege and Capture of Corregidor,” p. 5. www.jatoga. net.au/~witman/chs_41-42/marines.htm
171 “0800—On the morning”: Moore,
“Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 53.
171 By mid-April: “Proceedings of a Board Appointed,” p. 70.
171 For every shell: C. L. Irwin, “Corregidor in Action,” Coast Artillery Journal, January-February 1943, p. 11, MHI.
171 But they were oddly uninformed: Colonel Walter E. Buchly, interview of Japanese Lieutenant General Masaharu Homma, p. 5, Louis Morton Papers, Box, MHI, p. 5; Dyess, Dyess Story, p. 74.
172 The Japanese preferred: Sami Korhonen, “The Battles of the Winter,” www.winterwar.com, pp. 1-12; “Proceedings of a Board Appointed,” p. 70.
172 The reason was simple: Homma interview, p. 8.
172 the number surged to 30,600: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 324.
172 Homma had requested: ibid.
172 300,000 tablets: ibid., p. 324.
172 May 5 was: ibid., pp. 523-25.
172 What a change: Ferguson, Diary, p. 33.
173 On April 13: Andrew Miller, letter to author, July 7, 2004. Belote and Belote, Corregidor, identify the plane as a B-25, but Miller was an eyewitness, and the plane bore the number 41-2447.
173 In a direct plea: Stauffer, Army in World War II, pp. 30-31.
173 By April 14: Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won, p. 139.
173 “life on Corregidor took”: Leon M. Gurrero, “The Last Days of Corregidor,” Philippine Review (May 1943), quoted in Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 542.
173 On April 18: Wainwright, Story, pp. 90-91.
174 What none of them: F.A.P., “The Flag of Corregidor,” Coast Artillery Journal, May-June 1942, MHI.
174 Lieutenant Colonel James H. Doolittle: Spector, Eagle Against Sun, pp. 154-55.
174 the effect was galvanizing: Hartendorp, Japanese Occupation, p. 1:185.
174 Of the captured fliers: Geoffrey Perret, Winged Victory: The Army Air Forces in World War II (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 153.
174 In revenge for: Hoyt, Japan’s War, p. 279.
174 “We hope we raised hell”: Bunker, Bunker’s War, p. 134.
174 Then on April 24: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, pp. 118-20.
175 Fort Drum fired: William C. Braly, The Hard Way Home (Washington, D.C.: Washington Infantry Journal Press, 1947), p. 69.
175 “You would hear”: quoted in Schultz, Hero of Bataan, pp. 261-62.
176 Night Hawk: Moore, “Report of Commanding Officer,” Part C, p. 28; William C. Braly, “Corregidor Log,” Vol. 2, unpaginated, Braly Papers, Box 3, MHI.
176 The next day: Moore, “Report of Commanding Officer,” p. 60.
176 A string of bombs: Bunker, Bunker’s War, p. 138.
176 “Wet, oily, slick”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 36.
177 maybe a romantic stroll: Romulo, I Saw, p. 170.
177 Sometimes a voice: Norman, Band of Angels, p. 98.
177 Suddenly at 2158: Moore, “Report of Commanding Officer,” p. 60.
177 the concussion slammed shut: Morris, Corregidor, p. 440.
177 Arms and legs: Redmond, I Served, pp. 145-46.
177 One army nurse: Norman, Band of Angels, p. 101.
177 “We worked all that night”: Redmond, I Served, p. 145.
177 “Net result 14 dead”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 36.
177 Ten days earlier: Moore, “Report of Commanding Officer,” p. 56.
178 Some marines: Simpson, Diary, p. 17.
178 Shrapnel had: Hayes, “Report on Medical Tactics,” p. 24.
178 The problem: Wainwright, Story, p. 92.
178 “People of Malta”: Charles A. Jellison, Besieged: The World War II Ordeal of Malta, 1940-1942 (Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1984), p. 167.
178 “The officers and”: Wainwright, Story, pp. 98-99.
179 The morning of April 29: Fourteenth Army Operations, vol. 1, Japanese Studies in World War II, pp. 45-46, Historical Section, G-2, GHQ, FEC, MHI.
179 “While the enemy artillery”: ibid., p. 1:51.
179 At 0730 three: “Proceedings of a Board Appointed,” p. 31.
179 Both the North and South: Braly, “Corregidor Log,” Vol. 2.
179 Artillery mauled: Morris, Corregidor, p. 445.
179 “Another intensive bombardment”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 37.
179 Cheney and James Ravines: Barr, “Diary: History of Battery M,” pp. 13-14.
180 Fort Drum fired: Peart, “Asiatic Reminiscences,” p. 17.
180 The roar of the Rock: J.W. Keene, “Philippine Defense 1941: Corregidor.”
180 Seventy-five-millimeter: Stephen M. Mellnik, “How the Japs Took Corregidor,” Coast Artillery Journal, March-April 1945, p. 10, MHI.
180 The only respite: Simpson, Diary, p. 16.
180 “During the day”: Beecher, “Experiences,” p. 30.
180 Then Japanese artillery: Bunker, Bunker’s War, p. 136.
180 “I guess my life”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 35.
180 Rations left men: Bunker,
Bunker’s War, p. 142.
180 reserve stocks: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 140.
180 “Pardon me”: William C. Braly, interview by William M. Belote, June 24, 1964, p. 1, Belote Collection, Box 2, MHI.
180 Cordite fumes: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, pp. 126-27.
180 Fifty feet underground: Hartendorp, Japanese Occupation, p. 1:184.
180 Lieutenant (j.g.) Charles B. Brook: Charles B. Brook, interview by William M. Belote, October 23, 1963, pp. 1-2, Belote Collection, Box 1, MHI.
181 “You’ll never get”: Hartendorp, Japanese Occupation, p. 1:184.
181 On April 17: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 269.
181 The moon was full: Norman, Band of Angels, p. 105.
181 kissed Wainwright: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 102.
181 Batteries Way and Geary: Morris, Corregidor, p. 446.
181 Explosion followed explosion: Moore, “Report of Commanding Officer,” p. 65.
181 There were enough shells: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 272.
181 The noise on: Valentine P. Foster, interview by William M. Belote, November 29, 1963, p. 4, Belote Collection, Box 2, MHI.
181 Wainwright himself had: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 264.
181 “My head suddenly felt”: Wainwright, Story, p. 100.
181 The blast from: Alex Davies, “Acoustic Trauma: Bioeffects of Sound,” schizophonia .com/installation/trauma/trauma_thesis.
182 By the late afternoon: Barr, “Diary: History of Battery M,” pp. 15-16.
182 Even disabled guns: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 128.
182 This was George’s territory: Ferguson, Diary, p. 37.
182 A 240mm shell breached: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 65.
182 “as big as your”: Hayes, “Report on Medical Tactics,” p. 24.
182 John, just a few: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 27.
182 sixty-man pit crew: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, pp. 128-30.
182 “when an enemy shell”: Calvin E. Chunn, Diary, the Louis Morton Papers, Box 3, MHI.
183 Williams and Shofner: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 27.
183 By day’s end: “Procedings of a Board Appointed,” pp. 71-72.
183 A garrison of: Wainwright, Story, p. 86.
183 With the increased patient load: Hayes, Diary, p. 18.
183 Surprisingly there were: ibid., p. 6.
183 “there was no zone”: Cooper, “Medical Department,” p. 84.
183 That didn’t stop: Hayes, Diary, p. 7.
183 “There was dust”: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 27.
183 blinded Corregidor’s: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 66.
183 “more like the Mojave”: Parker, “Epic of Corregidor,” p. 20.
184 Almost anywhere: Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won, p. 129.
184 “Situation here is”: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, pp. 274-75.
184 “They relieved themselves”: quoted in ibid., p. 277.
184 “3rd May 1942 Sunday”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 37.
184 What was in: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” pp. 27-28.
184 They would be: ibid.
184 Lieutenant General Kitajima: ibid., pp. 22-23.
185 The next night: ibid., p. 28.
185 Led by the: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 552.
185 “The vital points of ”: Fourteenth Army Operations, p. 2:53.
185 At 2130: Blair, Silent Victory, pp. 196-97.
185 Colonel Pete Irwin: Wainwright, Story, p. 108.
185 Footlockers full: Blair, Silent Victory, pp. 196-97.
185 By 22:30: Norman, Band of Angels, p. 110.
185 Fifty-four army: ibid., p. 111.
185 Prior to: Irvin, “Wartime Reminiscences,” p. 6.
185 Planes dive-bombed: Mellnik, “How the Japs,” p. 10.
186 “With morale at”: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 278.
186 The Japanese directed: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 553.
186 “Expect enemy landing”: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 28.
186 A Philippine Army officer: Wainwright, Story, p. 114.
186 Antitank barricades: McCoy, Mellnik, and Kelley, Ten Escape, p. 14.
186 On the morning: William C. Braly, interview by William M. Belote, June 24, 1964, p. 2, Belote Collection, Box 2, MHI.
186 Colonel Howard decided: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 28.
186 “Damn that full moon”: Braly interview, June 24, 1964, p. 2.
186 “5th May Tuesday 1942”: Ferguson, Diary, pp. 37-38.
187 In one extraordinary: McCoy, Mellnik, and Kelley, Ten Escape, p. 17.
187 At 1447 the Rock: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 71.
187 Wainwright was lounging: Beebe, Diary, p. 17, RG 389, Box 2176, NARA 187 “Prepare for probable”: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 71.
187 Ten minutes later: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 29.
188 On Kindley Field: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 146.
188 The stragglers who: ibid., pp. 146-47.
188 Some begged: ibid., pp. 146-47.
188 It was a massacre: Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won, p. 144.
188 By 2315 what: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 29.
188 Battery Way: W. Massello, Jr., interview by William M. Belote, Belote Collection, Box 1, MHI; Belote and Belote, Corregidor, pp. 127, 159.
188 “a spectacle that confounded”: Kazumar ō Unō, Corregidor: Isle of Delusion, p. 19, quoted in Morton, War in the Pacific, 556.
188 Marines hidden in: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, pp. 148, 150.
188 Eight out of: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” pp. 31-32.
188 Shortly before midnight: Clancey, “Siege and Capture,” p. 12.
189 At 0020 a Marine: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 72.
189 A battle line: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 154.
189 At 0100 Joe Williams’s: ibid., p. 14.
189 “Well, we opened”: Ferguson, Diary, p. 38.
189 Malinta was filled: Brook, interview, p. 3.
189 The remaining nurses: Hartendorp, Japanese Occupation, p. 1:185.
189 By then one part: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 557.
189 At 0200 the two: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 34.
190 “YOU AND YOUR DEVOTED”: Wainwright, Story, p. 118.
190 At 0430 Colonel Howard: Morton, War in the Pacific, pp. 557-58.
190 “untrained in infantry tactics”: Beecher, “Experiences,” p. 33.
190 “wiped out”: Wainwright, Story, p. 118.
190 In the chaos of: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 33.
190 “Joe, what in”: ibid., p. 37.
191 At 0600 Williams: Wainwright, Story, p. 18.
191 Williams was “a tiger”: Brook interview, p. 2.
191 The machine gun nest: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 39.
191 Two old leathernecks: Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won, p. 146.
191 At dawn the Japanese: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 157.
191 Batteries Way and Stockade: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” p. 73.
191 Barges were blown: Mellnik, “How the Japs,” p. 10.
191 “My God”: quoted in Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 560.
192 At daybreak, the: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 158.
192 Then Lieutenant Otis E. Saalman: J. Michael Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 40.
192 Casualties on Corregidor: Clancey, “Siege and Capture,” p. 11.
192 The wounds resulted: Luther H. Wolff, M.D., Samuel B. Childs, M.D., and W. Philip Giddings, M.D., “Wounding Agents,” in Coates and DeBakey, Surgery in World War II, pp. 2:97-101.
192 “felt a small explosion”: Brook interview, p. 3.
193 Captain Chunn: Belote and Belote, Corregidor, p. 165.
&nb
sp; 194 There were no antitank guns: Lewis Charles Beebe, “Personal Experience Sketches,” p. 19, MHI.
194 Enemy artillery fire: Miller, “Shanghai to Corregidor,” p. 41.
194 By 1000 Wainwright: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 561.
194 “It was the terror”: Wainwright, Story, p. 119.
194 Between April 29: Porter, “Antiaircraft Defense,” p. 13.
194 Six to eight hundred: Morton, War in the Pacific, p. 560.
194 Most of the officers: Mellnik, “How the Japs,” p. 10.
194 The toll on the Japanese: ibid., p. 11. 194 Hayes estimated: Baldwin, Battles Lost and Won, p. 151.
194 “One hundred and seventy-three”: ibid., p. 147.
194 The transmission was: Blair, Silent Victory, p. 197.
194 The Rock’s defenders: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” Exhibit F, p. 17.
194 Firing pins were: Stamp, Journey, p. 30.
195 Top secret maps: Braly, Hard Way Home, pp. 4-5.
195 The tunnel had been designed: Moore, “Report of the Commanding Officer,” Exhibit E, p. 4.
195 Leland D. Bartlett: Leland D. Bartlett, interview by Ronald E. Marcello, September 13, 1972, p. 56, UNTOHC.
195 “They are not near”: Mellnik, “How the Japs,” p. 11.
196 Wainwright chose midday: Braly interview, p.4.
196 Brigadier General Beebe had already: Beebe, Diary, p. 20.
196 “With broken heart”: Wainwright, Story, pp. 122-23.
196 At 1200: General Jonathan M. Wainwright, deposition, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Box 3, Vol. 16, p. 2286, NARA.
196 “My God,” said: Schultz, Hero of Bataan, p. 289.
196 The Japanese continued: Rudolfo B. Parra, testimony, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Vol. 16, Box 3, pp. 2246-47, NARA.
196 even though the: ibid., p. 2250. 196 Later that afternoon: Wainwright, Story, p. 127.
196 There were 40,000 men: Connaughton, MacArthur and Defeat, p. 289.
197 The blood of: Wainwright, Story, p. 132.
197 “A tremendous artillery”: General Jonathan M. Wainwright, in deposition, in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Vol. 18, Box 4, p. 2382, NARA.
197 Wainwright tendered: Deposition of General Jonathan M. Wainwright in U.S.A. vs. Masaharu Homma, RG 153, Vol. 16, Box 3, p. 2291, NARA. See also Schultz, Hero of Bataan, pp. 304-5.
197 George Ferguson sat: Ferguson, Diary, p. 38.
Conduct Under Fire Page 71
