Berlin, Ira. Many Thousands Gone: The First Two Centuries of Slavery in North America. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1998.
——. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
——, and Leslie M. Harris, eds. Slavery in New York. New York: The New Press and the New-York Historical Society, 2005.
Bertrand, Michael T. Race, Rock, and Elvis. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000.
Bindman, David. “The Black Presence in British Art: Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries.” In The Image of the Black in Western Art: From the Age of Discovery to the Age of Abolition, edited by David Bindman and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., III, 1, 235–70. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress, 1774–Present. http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp.
Birzer, Dedra McDonald. “Esteban.” In African American National Biography, edited by Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, 3:197–9. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
“Black-American Representatives and Senators by Congress, 1870–Present.” History, Art & Archives: United States House of Representatives.
“Black Power Comes of Age.” Washington Post. June 29, 1972.
Blanck, Emily. “Seventeen Eighty-Three: The Turning Point in the Law of Slavery and Freedom in Massachusetts.” New England Quarterly 75 (March 2002): 24–51.
Blight, David W. Frederick Douglass’s Civil War: Keeping Faith in Jubilee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1989.
——. A Slave No More: Two Men Who Escaped to Freedom, Including Their Own Narratives of Emancipation. Orlando, FL: Harcourt, Inc., 2007.
Bluett, Thomas. Some Memoirs of the Life of Job, the Son of Solomon, the High Priest of Boonda in Africa … London: Richard Ford, 1734.
Branch, Taylor. At Canaan’s Edge: America in the King Years, 1965–68. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2006.
——. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years, 1954–63. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.
——. Pillar of Fire: America in the King Years, 1963–65. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1998.
“Brand New Bag: Questlove on Don Cornelius.” Okayplayer, February 1, 2012.
Brasseaux, Carl A., and Glenn R. Conrad, eds. The Road to Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792–1809. Lafayette, LA: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1992.
Breen, T. H., and Stephen Innes. “Myne Owne Ground”: Race and Freedom on Virginia’s Eastern Shore, 1640–1676. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980, 2005.
Brown, Christopher Leslie. Moral Capital: Foundations of British Abolitionism. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.
Brown, James, and Bruce Tucker. James Brown: The Godfather of Soul. New York: Thunder Mouth’s Press, 1986, 1997.
Brown, John. Slave Life in Georgia: A Narrative of the Life, Sufferings, and Escape of John Brown, A Fugitive Slave, Now in England. London: British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, 1855.
Brundage, W. Fitzhugh. “Beyoncé, Bert Williams, and the History of Blackface in America.” In UNC Press Blog, March 2, 2011.
——. Lynching in the New South: Georgia and Virginia, 1880–1930. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993.
Bullock, Steven C. “The Revolutionary Transformation of American Freemasonry, 1752–1792.” William and Mary Quarterly, 3d ser., 47 (July 1990): 349–69.
Bundles, A’Lelia. On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C. J. Walker. New York: Scribner, 2002.
——. “Walker, Madam C. J.”AANB Online, African American Studies Center, Oxford University Press.
Butler, Benjamin F. Autobiography and Personal Reminiscences: Butler’s Book, A Review of His Legal, Political, and Military Career. Boston: A. M. Thayer, 1892.
Cabeza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez. The Journey of Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1842). http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/one/cabeza.htm.
Cantor, Louis. Wheelin’ on Beale: How WDIA-Memphis Became the Nation’s First All-Black Radio Station and Created the Sound That Changed America. New York: Pharos Books, 1992.
Carson, Clayborne. In Struggle: SNCC and the Black Awakening of the 1960s. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1981.
Center for Digital Research in the Humanities, University of Nebraska–Lincoln. Louisiana Railway Accommodations Act. Railroads and the Making of America. http://railroads.unl.edu/documents/view_document.php?id=rail.gen.0060.
Chang, Jeff. Can’t Stop Won’t Stop: A History of the Hip-Hop Generation. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2005.
Christian, Charles M. Black Saga: The African American Experience, A Chronology. New York: Civitas, 1999.
Clavin, Matthew J. Toussaint Louverture and the American Civil War: The Promise and Peril of a Second Haitian Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2010.
Cleaver, Eldridge. “The Death of Martin Luther King: Requiem for Nonviolence.” In Post-Prison Writings and Speeches, edited by Robert Scheer, 73–79. New York: Random House, 1969.
Coleman, Trevor W. Crusader for Justice: Federal Judge Damon J. Keith. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, forthcoming.
Conforti, Joseph. “The Invention of the Great Awakening, 1795–1844.” Early American Literature 26:2 (1991): 99–118.
Coombs, John C. “Beyond the ‘Origins Debate’: Rethinking the Rise of Virginia Slavery.” In Early Modern Virginia: Reconsidering the Old Dominion, edited by Douglas Bradburn and John C. Coombs, 239–278. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011.
Cornish, Dudley Taylor. The Sable Arm: Negro Troops in the Union Army, 1861–1865. New York: W. W. Norton, 1966.
Craft, William, and Ellen Craft. Running a Thousand Miles for Freedom: The Escape of William and Ellen Craft from Slavery, edited by R. J. M. Blackett. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1999.
Current, Richard N. Those Terrible Carpetbaggers: A Reinterpretation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Curry, Leonard P. The Free Black in Urban America, 1800–1850: The Shadow of the Dream. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.
Curtin, Philip D. The Rise and Fall of the Plantation Complex: Essays in Atlantic History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
Daniel, Walter C. Black Journals of the United States. London: Greenwood Press, 1982.
Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
——. The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1966.
Douglass, Frederick. “What Shall Be Done with the Slaves If Emancipated?” Douglass’ Monthly, January 1862.
Drescher, Seymour. Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
Drew, Charles R. Charles R. Drew to Jacob Billikopf, April 15, 1944. In The Charles R. Drew Papers. Profiles in Science: National Library of Medicine.
Drumgoold, Kate. A Slave Girl’s Story. Brooklyn: np., 1898.
Duberman, Martin B. Paul Robeson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.
Du Bois, W. E. B. Black Reconstruction in America, 1860–1880. Cleveland, OH: Meridian Books, 1962.
——. “Close Ranks” editorial. In W. E. B. Du Bois: A Reader, edited by David Levering Lewis, 697. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1995.
——. “Intermarriage” editorial. The Crisis 5, no. 4 (February 1913).
——. “The Prize Fighter” editorial. The Crisis 8, no. 4 (August 1914).
Dudziak, Mary L. Cold War Civil Rights: Race and the Image of American Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2011.
Dunmore. Proclamation of Earl of Dunmore. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part2/2h42t.html.
Dyson, Michael Eric. Come Hell or High Water: Hurricane Katrina and the Color of Disaster. New York: Basic Civitas, 2006.
r /> Egerton, Douglas R. Death or Liberty: African Americans and Revolutionary America. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
——. Gabriel’s Rebellion: The Virginia Slave Conspiracies of 1800 & 1802. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.
——. He Shall Go Out Free: The Lives of Denmark Vesey. Rev. ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2004.
Elliott, Mark E. Color-Blind Justice: Albion Tourgée and the Quest for Racial Equality from the Civil War to Plessy v. Ferguson. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.
——. “Race, Color Blindness, and the Democratic Public: Albion W. Tourgée’s Radical Principles in Plessy v. Ferguson.” Journal of Southern History 67 (May 2001): 287–330.
Eltis, David, and David Richardson, eds. Atlas of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2010.
——. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade Database. http://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/database/search.faces.
Eyes on the Prize: America’s Civil Rights Movement, 1954–1985. “The Time Has Come (1964–1966),” first broadcast 1987 by PBS. Produced, directed, and written by James A. DeVinney and Madison Davis Lacy, Jr. Transcript. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/eyesontheprize/about/pt.html.
“Faces of FAMM: Reynolds Wintersmith.” FAMM: Sentences That Fit, Justice That Works.
Fairclough, Adam. A Class of Their Own: Black Teachers in the Segregated South. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.
Faust, Drew Gilpin, ed. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830–1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.
Finkenbine, Roy E., ed. Sources of the African-American Past: Primary Sources in American History. New York: Longman, 1997.
Floyd-Wilson, Mary. “Moors, Race, and the Study of English Renaissance Literature: A Brief Retrospective.” Literature Compass 3 (2006): 1044–52.
Foner, Eric. Freedom’s Lawmakers: A Directory of Black Officeholders During Reconstruction. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1996.
——. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Forbes, Robert Pierce. The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.
Franklin, John Hope, and Loren Schweninger. Runaway Slaves: Rebels on the Plantation. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Freedmen and Southern Society Project. http://www.history.umd.edu/Freedmen/sfo15.htm.
Freeman, Rhoda. “The Free Negro in New York City in the Era Before the Civil War.” Ph.D. diss., Columbia University, 1966.
French, Scot. The Rebellious Slave: Nat Turner in American Memory. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2004.
Frey, Sylvia R. “Between Slavery and Freedom: Virginia Blacks in the American Revolution.” Journal of Southern History 49 (August 1983): 375–98.
——. Water from the Rock: Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991.
Gaines, Jane M. Fire and Desire: Mixed-Race Movies in the Silent Era. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2001.
Garnet, Henry Highland. Memorial Discourse. Philadelphia: Joseph M. Wilson, 1865.
Garrity, John A., and Mark C. Carnes, eds. American National Biography. 24 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Garrow, David J. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. New York: Vintage, 1988.
Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. “100 Amazing Facts about the Negro.” 100 Amazing Facts About the Negro. The Root, October 15, 2012.
——. “The 1st Black Man to See the Baby Jesus.” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 24, 2012.
——. “George Washington’s Runaway Slave, Harry.” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 10, 2012.
——. “How Many Slaves Landed in the US?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, October 15, 2012.
——. “North America’s 1st Black President?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, November 5, 2012.
——. “North America’s 1st Black Town?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 3, 2012.
——. “Tarantino ‘Unchained,’ Part 1: ‘Django’ Trilogy.” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 23, 2012.
——. “Tarantino ‘Unchained,’ Part 2: On the N-Word.” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 25, 2012.
——. “Tarantino ‘Unchained,’ Part 3: White Saviors.” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 25, 2012.
——. “3 Women ‘Red Tails’ Left Out.’” The Root, January 25, 2012.
——. “The Truth Behind ‘40 Acres and a Mule.’” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, January 7, 2013.
——. “W. E. B. Du Bois’ Talented Tenth in Pictures,” The Root.com, December 2, 2010.
——. “What Was America’s 1st Black Town?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 31, 2012.
——. “Which Slave Wrote His Way Out of Slavery?’” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, November 26, 2012.
——. “Who Led the 1st Back-to-Africa Effort?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, December 17, 2012.
——. “Who Was the 1st Black to Explore the West?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, November 19, 2012.
——. “Who Was Africa’s 1st Ambassador to Europe?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, November 12, 2012.
——. “Who Was the First African American?’” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, October 22, 2012.
——. “Who Was the First Black Saint?” 100 Amazing Facts about the Negro. The Root, October 29, 2012.
——. Life Upon These Shores: Looking at African American History, 1513–2008. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.
——. The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America’s First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003.
——, and Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, eds. African American National Biography. 8 vols. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
——, and Gene Andrew Jarrett, eds. The New Negro: Readings on Race, Representations, and African American Culture, 1892–1938. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007.
——, and Donald Yacovone, eds. Lincoln on Race and Slavery. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
Giddings, Paula J. Ida: A Sword Among Lions: Ida B. Wells and the Campaign Against Lynching. New York: Amistad Press/Harper Collins, 2008.
Gilbert, Alan. Black Patriots and Loyalists: Fighting for Emancipation in the War for Independence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
Gilchrist, Brenda J. “Detroit’s 1943 Race Riot, 50 Years Ago Today, Still Seems Too Near.” Detroit Free Press. June 20, 1993.
Girard, Philippe R. The Slaves Who Defeated Napoleon: Toussaint Louverture and the Haitian War of Independence, 1801–1804. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2011.
Glatthaar, Joseph T. Forged in Battle: The Civil War Alliance of Black Soldiers and White Officers. New York: Free Press, 1990.
Goodwin, Robert. Crossing the Continent, 1527–1540: The Story of the First African-American Explorer of the American South. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.
Gordon-Reed, Annette. The Hemingses of Monticello: An American Family. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.
Goudsouzian, Aram. Down to the Crossroads: Civil Rights, Black Power, and the Meredith March Against Fear. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, forthcoming.
Gould, Eliga H. “Entangled Histories, Entangled Worlds: The English-Speaking Atlantic as a Spanish Periphery.” American Historical Review 112 (2007): 766–86.
Grant, Colin. Negro with a Hat: The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008.
Grant, Douglas. The Fortunate Slave: An Illustration of African Slavery in the Early Eighteen
th Century. London: Oxford University Press, 1968.
Grant, Joanne. Ella Baker: Freedom Bound. New York: Wiley, 1998.
Gray, Christopher. “Streetscapes/Blumstein’s Department Store; How a Black Boycott Opened the Employment Door.” New York Times. November 20, 1994.
Gray, Madison. “The Press, Race and Katrina.” Time. August 30, 2006.
Gray, Thomas R. ed. The Confessions of Nat Turner. Baltimore: Thomas R. Gray, 1831.
Green, Victor Hugo. The Negro Motorist Green Book: An International Travel Guide, 1949 ed. New York: Victor H. Green & Co., Publishers, 1949.
Gregory, James N. The Southern Diaspora: How the Great Migrations of Black and White Southerners Transformed America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.
Grossman, James R. Land of Hope: Chicago, Southerners, and the Great Migration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989.
Guelzo, Allen C. Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004.
Guerrero, Ed. Framing Blackness: The African American Image in Film. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.
Gutiérrez, Ramón A. When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1991.
Gutman, Herbert G. The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925. New York: Vintage Books, 1977.
Habib, Imtiaz. Black Lives in the English Archives, 1500–1677. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2008.
Hahn, Steven. A Nation Under Our Feet: Black Political Struggles in the Rural South from Slavery to the Great Migration. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2003.
Hall, Prince. A Charge Delivered to the African Lodge, June 24, 1797, at Menotomy, Mass. Boston: Benjamin Edes, 1797.
Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin. “The Origins and Early Promotion of Nicodemus: A Pre-Exodus, All-Black Town.” Kansas History 5 (1982): 220–42.
Hamilton, Neil A. “Garvey, Marcus.” In American Social Leaders and Activists, American Biographies, 157–60. New York: Facts on File, 2002.
Hampton, Henry, and Steve Fayer. Voices of Freedom: An Oral History of the Civil Rights Movement from the 1950s Through the 1980s. New York: Bantam, 1991.
The African Americans Page 37