God's War: A New History of the Crusades

Home > Other > God's War: A New History of the Crusades > Page 127
God's War: A New History of the Crusades Page 127

by Tyerman, Christopher


  Peter of Les Vaux-de-Cernay, The History of the Albigensian Crusade, trans. W. A. and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge 1998)

  The Song of the Cathar Wars, trans. J. Shirley (Aldershot 1996)

  William of Puylaurens, Chronicle, trans. W. A. and M. D. Sibly (Woodbridge 2003)

  Secondary

  M. Barber, The Cathars (London 2000)

  R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe (London 1993)

  E. Christiansen, The Northern Crusades (2nd edn London 1997)

  J. F. O’Callaghan, Reconquest and Crusade in Medieval Spain (Philadelphia 2003)

  J. Sumption, The Albigensian Crusade (London 1978)

  W. Urban, The Livonian Crusade (Washington, DC 1981)

  W. Urban, The Prussian Crusade (Lanham 1980)

  W. Urban, The Baltic Crusade (2nd edn Chicago 1994)

  W. L. Wakefield, Heresy, Crusade and Inquisition in Southern France 1100–1250 (London 1974)

  Later Middle Ages

  Sources

  N. Housley (ed.), Documents on the Later Crusades 1274–1580 (Basingstoke 1996)

  William of Machaut, The Capture of Alexandria, trans. J. Shirley and P. Edbury (Aldershot 2004)

  Secondary

  A. S. Atiya, The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages (London 1938)

  M. Barber, The Trial of the Templars (Cambridge 1978)

  N. Housley, The Italian Crusades (Oxford 1982)

  N. Housley, The Avignon Papacy and the Crusades 1305–78 (Oxford 1986)

  N. Housley, The Later Crusades (Oxford 1992)

  N. Housley, Religious Warfare in Europe 1400–1536 (Oxford 2002)

  N. Housley (ed.), Crusading in the Fifteenth Century (Basingstoke 2004)

  C. Imber, The Ottoman Empire 1300–1481 (Istanbul 1990)

  A. Leopold, How to Recover the Holy Land (Aldershot 2000)

  A. Linder, Raising Arms: Liturgy in the Struggle to Liberate Jerusalem in the Late Middle Ages (Turnhout 2003)

  D. Nicol, The Last Centuries of Byzantium 1261–1453 (London 1972)

  J. Paviot, Les Ducs de Bourgogne, la croisade et l’Orient (Paris 2003)

  S. Runciman, The Fall of Constantinople (Cambridge 1965)

  K. Setton, The Papacy and the Levant 1204–1571 (Philadelphia 1971–84)

  Select List of Rulers

  Papacy

  Gregory VII 1073–85

  (Anti-pope Clement 1080–1100)

  Victor III 1086–7

  Urban II 1088–99

  Paschal II 1099–1118

  Gelasius II 1118–19

  Calixtus II 1119–24

  Honorius II 1124–30

  Innocent II 1130–43

  (Anti-pope Anacletus 1130–38)

  Celestine II 1143–4

  Lucius II 1144–5

  Eugenius III 1145–53

  Anastasius IV 1153–4

  Hadrian IV 1154–9

  Alexander III 1159–81

  Lucius III 1181–5

  Urban III 1185–7

  Gregory VIII 1187

  Clement III 1187–91

  Celestine III 1191–8

  Innocent III 1198–1216

  Honorius III 1216–27

  Gregory IX 1227–41

  Celestine IV 1241

  Innocent IV 1243–54

  Alexander IV 1254–61

  Urban IV 1261–4

  Clement IV 1265–8

  Gregory X 1271–6

  Innocent V 1276

  Hadrian V 1276

  John XXI 1276–7

  Nicholas III 1277–80

  Martin IV 1281–5

  Honorius IV 1285–7

  Nicholas IV 1288–92

  Celestine V 1294

  Boniface VIII 1294–1303

  Benedict XI 1303–4

  Clement V 1305–14

  John XXII 1316–34

  Benedict XII 1334–42

  Clement VI 1342–52

  Innocent VI 1352–62

  Urban V 1362–70

  Gregory XI 1370–78

  Urban VI 1378–89

  (Avignon Clement VII 1378–94)

  Boniface IX 1389–1404

  (Avignon Benedict XIII 1394–1423)

  Innocent VII 1404–6

  Gregory XII 1406–15

  Alexander V 1409–10

  John XXIII 1410–15

  Martin V 1417–31

  Eugenius IV 1431–47

  (Anti-pope Felix V 1439–49)

  Nicholas V 1447–55

  Calixtus III 1455–8

  Pius II 1458–64

  Paul II 1464–71

  Sixtus IV 1471–84

  Innocent VIII 1484–92

  Alexander VI 1492–1503

  Pius III 1503

  Julius II 1503–13

  Leo X 1513–21

  Hadrian VI 1522–3

  Clement VII 1523–34

  Paul III 1534–49

  Julius III 1550–55

  Marcellus II 1555

  Paul IV 1555–9

  Germany

  (*denotes also Holy Roman Emperor)

  Henry IV* 1056–1106

  Henry V* 1106–25

  Lothar III* 1125–37

  Conrad III 1138–52

  Frederick I* 1152–90

  Henry VI* 1190–97

  Philip of Swabia 1198–1208

  Otto IV* 1198–1214

  Frederick II* 1212–50

  Conrad IV 1250–54

  (Competed rule 1247–73)

  Rudolf I 1273–91

  Adolf of Nassau 1292–98

  Albert I 1298–1308

  Henry VII* 1308–13

  Louis IV* 1314–47

  Charles IV* 1346–78

  Wenzel 1378–1400

  Rupert 1400–1410

  Sigismund* 1410–37

  Albert II (I of Hungary) 1438–9

  Frederick III* 1440–93

  Maximilian* 1493–1519

  Charles V* 1519–55

  Byzantine Empire

  Alexius I 1081–1118

  John II 1118–43

  Manuel I 1143–80

  Alexius II 1180–83

  Andronicus I 1183–85

  Isaac II 1185–95; 1203–4

  Alexius III 1195–1203

  Alexius IV 1203–4

  Nicholas 1204

  Alexius V 1204

  Latin Empire of Constantinople:

  Baldwin I 1204–5

  Henry 1205–16

  Peter of Courtenay 1217–18

  Robert of Courtenay 1221–8

  Baldwin II 1228–61

  John of Brienne (co-emperor) 1231–7

  Michael VIII 1261–82

  Andronicus II 1282–1328

  Andronicus III 1328–41

  John V 1341–7, 1354–77, 1379–90, 1390–91

  John VI 1347–54

  Andronicus IV 1376–79

  John VII 1390

  Manuel II 1391–1425

  John VIII 1425–48

  Constantine XI 1448–53

  France

  Philip I 1060–1108

  Louis VI 1108–37

  Louis VII 1137–80

  Philip II 1180–1223

  Louis VIII 1223–6

  Louis IX 1226–70

  Philip III 1270–85

  Philip IV 1285–1314

  Louis X 1314–16

  John I 1316

  Philip V 1316–22

  Charles IV 1322–8

  Philip VI 1238–50

  John II 1350–64

  Charles V 1364–80

  Charles VI 1380–1422

  Charles VII 1422–61

  Louis XI 1461–83

  Charles VIII 1483–98

  Louis XII 1498–1515

  Francis I 1515–47

  England

  William I 1066–87

  William II 1087–1100

  Henry I 1100–1135

  Stephen 1135–54

  Henry II 1154–89

  Richard I 1189–99

  John 1199–1216
<
br />   Henry III 1216–72

  Edward I 1272–1307

  Edward II 1307–27

  Edward III 1327–77

  Richard II 1377–99

  Henry IV 1399–1413

  Henry V 1413–22

  Henry VI 1422–61

  Edward IV 1461–70

  Henry VI 1470–71

  Edward IV 1471–83

  Edward V 1483

  Richard III 1483–85

  Henry VII 1485–1509

  Henry VIII 1509–47

  Edward VI 1547–53

  Mary I 1553–58

  Elizabeth I 1558–1603

  Sicily

  Roger I 1062–1101

  Simon 1101–5

  Roger II 1105–54

  William I 1154–66

  William II 1166–89

  Tancred 1189–94

  William III 1194

  Henry I (VI of Germany) 1194–7

  Frederick I (II of Germany) 1197–1250

  Conrad I (IV of Germany) 1250–54

  Conrad II (Conradin) 1254–8

  Manfred 1258–66

  Charles I 1266–85 (Naples only 1282–5)

  Naples:

  Charles II 1285–1309

  Robert I 1309–43

  Sicily:

  Peter I (III of Aragon) 1282–5

  James I (II of Aragon) 1285–96

  Frederick II 1296–1337

  (these kingdoms continued independent until the sixteenth century)

  Castile

  Ferdinand I 1036–65

  Sancho II 1065–72

  Alfonso VI 1072–1109

  Urraca 1109–26

  Alfonso VII 1126–57

  Sancho III 1157–8

  Alfonso VIII 1158–1214

  Henry I 1214–17

  Ferdinand III 1217–52

  Alfonso X 1252–84

  Sancho IV 1284–95

  Ferdinand IV 1295–1312

  Alfonso XI 1312–50

  Peter I 1350–69

  Henry II 1369–79

  John I 1379–90

  Henry III 1390–1406

  John II 1406–54

  Henry IV 1454–74

  Isabella 1474–1504

  Ferdinand V (II of Aragon) 1475–1516

  as Spain:

  Charles I (V of Germany) 1516–56

  Philip II 1556–98

  León

  Ferdinand I 1037–65

  Alfonso VI 1065–1109 (1109–57 as Castile)

  Ferdinand II 1157–88

  Alfonso IX 1188–1230

  Ferdinand III 1230–52

  (from 1252 as Castile)

  Aragon

  Sancho I 1063–94

  Peter I 1094–1104

  Alfonso I 1104–34

  Ramiro II 1134–7

  Petronilla and Ramon Berenguer 1137–62

  Alfonso II 1162–96

  Peter II 1196–1213

  James I 1213–76

  Peter III 1276–85

  Alfonso III 1285–91

  James II 1291–1327

  Alfonso IV 1327–36

  Peter III 1336–87

  John I 1387–96

  Martin I 1396–1410

  Ferdinand I 1412–16

  Alfonso V 1416–58

  John II 1458–79

  Ferdinand II 1479–1516

  (from 1516 as Castile/Spain)

  Hungary

  Ladislas I 1077–95

  Coloman 1095–1116

  Stephen II 1116–31

  Bela I 1131–41

  Geza II 1141–62

  Stephen III 1162, 1163–72

  Stephen IV 1162–3

  Bela III 1172–96

  Emeric 1196–1204

  Ladislas II 1204–5

  Andrew II 1205–35

  Bela IV 1235–70

  Stephen V 1270–72

  Ladislas III 1272–90

  Charles 1290–95

  Andrew III 1290–1301

  Wenceslas III 1301–4

  Otto of Bavaria 1304–8

  Charles Robert 1308–42

  Louis I 1342–82

  Sigismund 1387–1437

  Albert I 1438–9

  Ladislas IV 1439–44

  Ladislas V 1444–57

  Matthias Corvinus 1458–90

  Ladislas VI 1490–1516

  Louis II 1516–26

  Ottoman Empire

  Osman d. 1326

  Orkhan 1326–62

  Murad I 1362–89

  Bayezid I 1389–1403

  Mehmed I 1413–21

  Murad II 1421–51

  Mehmed II 1451–81

  Bayezid II 1481–1512

  Selim I 1512–20

  Suleiman I 1520–66

  Selim II 1566–74

  Jerusalem

  Godfrey of Bouillon 1099–1100

  Baldwin I 1100–1118

  Baldwin II 1118–31

  Fulk 1131–43 and Melisende 1131–52

  Baldwin III 1143–63

  Amalric 1163–74

  Baldwin IV 1174–85

  Baldwin V 1185–6

  Guy of Lusignan 1186–92; with his wife Sybil 1186–90, daughter of Amalric

  Isabella I 1192–1205; with Conrad I 1192;

  Henry 1192–7; Aimery 1197–1205

  Maria 1205–12

  John of Brienne 1210–25

  Isabella II 1212–28; with Frederick (II of Germany) 1225–8

  Conrad II (IV of Germany) 1228–54

  Conrad III (Conradin) 1254–68

  Hugh I (III of Cyprus) 1268–84

  John 1284–5

  Henry I (II of Cyprus) 1285–1324

  Antioch

  Bohemund 1098–1105

  Tancred regent 1101–3 and 1105–8;

  prince 1108–12

  Roger of Salerno 1113–19

  Baldwin II of Jerusalem 1119–26; 1130–31

  Bohemund II 1126–30

  Fulk of Jerusalem 1130–36

  Raymond of Poitiers 1136–49

  Constance 1149–53; 1161–63

  Reynald of Châtillon 1153–61

  Bohemund III 1163–1201

  Bohemund IV 1201–16; 1219–33

  Raymond Roupen 1216–19

  Bohemund V 1233–52

  Bohemund VI 1252–68

  Tripoli

  Raymond IV of Toulouse, I of Tripoli 1102–5

  William-Jordan 1105–9

  Bertrand 1109–12

  Pons 1112–37

  Raymond II 1137–52

  Raymond III 1152–87

  Bohemund IV of Antioch 1187–1233

  Bohemund V 1233–52

  Bohemund VI 1252–75

  Bohemund VII 1275–87

  Edessa

  Baldwin I of Boulogne 1098–1100

  Baldwin II of Le Bourcq 1100–1118

  Joscelin I of Courtenay 1119–31

  Joscelin II 1131–50

  (Joscelin III titular count 1150–88)

  Valois Dukes of Burgundy

  Philip the Bold 1363–1404

  John the Fearless 1404–19

  Philip the Good 1419–67

  Charles the Rash 1467–77

  Index

  Aaron of Mainz 102

  Abbo of Fleury, Passio sancti Edmundi 41

  Absolon, archbishop of Lund 681, 690

  Abu Ali Ibn Izz ad-Din, Syrian merchant 216

  Abu Shama, historian 414–15, 796

  Abu Sulayman Da’ud, Palestinian doctor 212

  Achard of Montmerle 27

  Acre 153, 205, 220, 223, 228, 237, 238, 353, 354–5, 372, 465, 520, 618, 643, 645, 717–18, 732

  commune of St Andrew at 726

  Council of (1148) 332

  massacre at (1191) 456–7

  siege of (1189–91) 354, 367, 395–6, 402–17, 428–30, 439, 442–3, 446–55, 473

  siege and fall of (1291) 706, 732, 818–22

  Adalia 327–8, 832

  Adam Haughton, chancellor of England 911
>
  Adela, countess of Blois 117, 122, 141, 171

  Adelarius of Fleury 39

  Adelisa of Sicily 207, 357

  Adhemar of Chabannes, chronicler 55, 68, 69–70, 80

  Adhemar, bishop of le Puy 60, 63, 64, 65, 75–6, 87, 93, 115, 116, 121, 130, 138, 141, 142–6, 148, 159, 163, 216

  al-Adid, Fatimid caliph of Egypt 349–50

  al-Adil, sultan of Egypt 451, 461, 463, 492–4, 547, 612, 636, 637, 643, 648, 725

  Adolf, count of Holstein 305–7, 679

  Aelfric of Cerne, abbot of Eynsham 40

  Lives of the Saints 40–41

  al-Afdal, son of Saladin 367

  al-Afdal, vizier of Egypt 128, 129, 141, 152, 155, 156, 160

  Afonso Henriques, king of Portugal 310–16

  Agincourt, battle of (1415) 456, 856, 912

  Agnes of Courtenay 209, 227, 357–62

  Aigues Mortes 780–81, 783, 811, 881

  Aimery of Limoges, patriarch of Antioch 193, 236, 346

  Aimery of Lusignan, king of Jerusalem 361–2, 371, 405, 444–5, 490, 492–4, 723, 724–5

  Ain Jalut, battle of (1260) 807

  Alacazar do Sol (Al-Qasr) 627–8

  Alan, lord of al-Atharib 192, 231

  Alan of Lille 380

  Alarcos, battle of (1195) 666

  Alberic of Trois-Fontaines 502

  Albert of Aachen (Aix), chronicler 60, 79, 92, 95, 98, 99, 104, 109, 157, 244, 246

  Albert ‘the Bear’, margrave of Brandenberg 307, 682

  Albert of Buxtehude, bishop of Riga 687, 690–93

  Albert Sürbeer, archbishop of Prussia and Riga 704–5

  Albigensian, definition of 576

  Alcantara, Order of 256, 667–8

  Alcuin of York 37

  Aleppo 12, 53, 187, 188, 189, 206, 268, 272, 329–30, 331, 344, 352, 353, 362, 636, 806

  Alexander II, pope 54–5, 56, 104, 660

  Alexander III, pope 210, 342, 682, 695

  Alexander IV, pope 696, 705, 806, 898

  Alexander VI, pope 698, 711, 871

  Alexander Nevsky, ruler of Novgorod 696

  Alexandretta 135

  Alexandria 238, 402, 515–16

  crusade to (1365) 831–4, 837

  patriarch of 4

  Alexius I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 12, 15, 21, 59, 61–2, 69, 72, 74, 77, 81, 82, 83, 96–9, 108–16, 118–22, 124, 125, 136, 147–8, 152, 172–3, 178, 193–4, 261–2, 325, 534, 537

  Alexius II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 517, 536

  Alexius III Angelus, Byzantine emperor 490, 509–10, 515, 536, 537–9, 544–7

  Alexius IV Angelus, Byzantine emperor 519, 520, 528, 532–3, 538–49, 553–4, 559

  Alexius V Ducas ‘Murzuphlus’, Byzantine emperor 549–54

  Alice of Jerusalem, princess of Antioch 191, 194, 200

  Alice of Jerusalem, queen of Cyprus 726, 727

  Alfonso I, king of Aragon 250, 253, 256, 664–5

  Alfonso V, king of Aragon and Naples 865, 866

  Alfonso VI, king of Leon-Castile 658–9, 660–61

  Alfonso VII, king of Leon-Castile 264, 313, 665

 

‹ Prev