Alfonso VIII, king of Castile 488, 666, 668–9
Alfonso IX, king of Leon 666
Alfonso X, king of Leon-Castile 671
Alfonso-Jordan, count of Toulouse 196–7, 198, 277, 280, 290, 294, 295, 329, 330, 397, 580
Alfred, king of Wessex 38, 41
Aljubarotta, battle of (1385) 901
Allenby, Edmund, British General 469, 771
Almeria 304, 665
Almohads 488, 494, 608, 612, 665–6, 668–9, 721
Almoravids 13, 250, 263, 311, 661–2, 721
Alp Arslan, Seljuk sultan 126–7
Alphonse, count of Poitiers 601, 772, 775, 779, 781, 784, 786, 788, 808, 812
Amadeus of Savoy, count of Maurienne 280, 289, 290, 298, 323
Amadeus VI, count of Savoy 832
his crusade 833, 843, 851, 852
Amalfi 71
hospital of in Jerusalem 180, 253
Amalric, king of Jerusalem 201, 208–9, 212, 218, 223, 231, 236, 332, 337, 347–50, 357–8, 359
Amaury of Montfort 563–6, 600, 757, 759, 765–6
Ambroise, poet chronicler 351, 472–3
Ambrose of Milan 29, 33–4, 173
Americas, the 838, 910, 914
Anacletus II, anti-pope 14, 248, 266
Andrew II, king of Hungary 615, 626–7, 629, 635, 699
Andrew of Longjumeau, OP 785, 786, 798
Andronicus I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 422, 517
Andronicus II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 838, 849
Ankara, battle of (1402) 847, 856
Anna Comnena 97, 111–12, 113, 114, 119–20, 147, 262, 537
Alexiad 111–12
Anse, synod of 171, 247
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury 49, 88, 236, 569
Anselm, bishop of Havelburg 305, 307
Anselm of Lucca 67
Anselm, archbishop of Milan 170, 174
Anselm of Ribemont 164, 172
Antioch (in Syria) 12, 15, 53, 61, 119, 120, 122, 126, 129, 133, 136, 175, 403, 422, 427–8, 453, 534, 536, 806, 810
Assises d’Antioche 729
battle of 146–7
Lake of, battle of (1098) 140
patriarchate of 4, 193, 197, 323
principality of 85, 111, 112, 149, 178, 187, 188, 189–96, 212–40, 273, 319, 323, 345–6, 354, 716, 721
siege of (1097–8) 59, 80, 93, 117, 120, 132–48, 155, 163, 334
apartheid 225–40
Apocalypse, the 31, 247
Arda of Edessa 202, 207
Aristotle 32, 34
Politics 32
Armenians 118–19, 132, 134, 135, 141, 142, 227
Arnaud Aimery, abbot of Cîteaux 581, 582, 583, 584–5, 587–92, 597, 669
Arnold III, count of Aerschot 300, 308–17 passim
Arnold, bishop of Lisieux 295
Arnold of Lübeck, chronicler 392, 418, 492, 685
Arnulf of Chocques, twice patriarch of Jerusalem 117, 145, 156, 160, 169, 204
Arnulf, king of the East Franks 38
Arpin, viscount of Bourges 175
Arqah, siege of (1099) 142, 145, 150–53
Arrabit, family of 228
Arsuf 161, 179
battle of (1191) 353, 439, 458–9
Ascalon 157, 206, 330, 332, 335, 372, 722, 765, 768, 771
battle of (1099) 60, 117, 140, 141, 160, 162
capture of (1153) 344, 346
and Third Crusade 456–71
al-Ashraf Khalil, sultan of Egypt 732, 818–22
Assassins, the, Shi’ite sect 128, 198, 199, 352, 466
assise de l’an et jour 196
assise des bourgeois 231, 729
assise du coup apparent 223
assise sur la ligece 205, 211, 223
assises (laws) of Jerusalem 205, 213, 230
Athena Promachos, Phidias’s statue of 548
Athlit, Chêteau Pèlerin 628, 637, 645, 648, 722, 822
Augustine of Hippo 29, 34–5, 38, 567, 583
Autun, crusade vowsat (1095) 63
Avars 36, 37
Avis, Order of 256, 667
Aymar, patriarch of Jerusalem 509, 721
al-Azimi, Aleppan chronicler 81
Al-Babayn, battle of (1167) 337, 348
Bacon, Francis, on holy war 875
Badr al-Jamali, vizier of Egypt 128
Bahram, vizier of Egypt 225
Baibars al-Bunduqdari, sultan of Egypt 351, 722, 728–9, 730–31, 797, 807, 813, 817
Baghdad 2, 173, 175, 554, 806
Abbasid caliphate, caliphs of 1, 12, 52, 53, 126, 188, 191, 195, 345, 348, 350, 353, 806
Bagrat the Armenian 134
Baha’ al-Din ibn Shaddad, writer and civil servant 235, 353, 384–5, 403, 406, 411, 414, 420, 442–3, 452, 456, 459, 464, 470, 472
Balak of Aleppo 187, 265, 271
Baldric of Borgueil, chronicler 93
Baldwin, archbishop of Canterbury 377–8, 381, 383, 385–7, 393, 395, 407, 428–30, 433, 435, 441
Baldwin, intimate, perhaps lover, of Baldwin I 202
Baldwin I, count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem 20, 82, 109, 111, 131–2, 134, 149, 161, 164, 178, 185–6, 187, 190, 195, 197, 200–205, 207, 254, 259, 357
Baldwin II, emperor of Constantinople 556, 632, 762, 783
Baldwin II, of Le Bourcq, count of Edessa and king of Jerusalem 109, 186–7, 188, 191, 194, 195, 200–201, 204–9, 221, 225, 228, 231, 264, 265, 267, 271, 346
Baldwin III, king of Jerusalem 195, 201, 207, 208–9, 212, 216, 223, 231, 331–2, 334, 335, 345, 346–7, 357
Baldwin IV, king of Jerusalem 209–11, 212, 227, 354, 356, 357–64
leprosy of 210–11, 212, 356
Baldwin V, king of Jerusalem 209, 236–7, 354, 361, 363–5
Baldwin IX, count of Flanders, emperor of Constantinople 502–3, 505, 507–8, 509, 510, 516, 518–20, 525–6, 531, 542, 550, 554–6, 559, 613, 885, 888
Baldwin of Ibelin 229, 359–60, 361, 365–6
Baldwin of Marasch 235, 268
Baldwin of Mons, count of Hainault 63
Balian of Ibelin 229, 371, 372, 429, 472
Balts, the 677, 685
al-Bara 121, 138, 140, 149, 190
Barbastro 660, 661
Bari 11–12, 14, 55, 108, 112, 537
Barisan (or Balian), founder of Ibelin family 221
Barisan of Beirut 725
Barkyaruq, Seljuk prince 128
Basil II, the Bulgar Slayer, Byzantine emperor 11, 55, 535
Bayeux Tapestry, the 76
Bayezid I, Ottoman sultan 846, 851, 853, 856–7
Bayezid II, Ottoman sultan 872
Bayt Nuba 462–4, 467–9
Beaufort, castle of 235, 404–5, 406, 407, 409, 415, 810
Bede 36, 41
Bedouin 4, 12, 226, 347, 356, 638
Bedum, Frisia 618–19
Beirut 153, 179, 221, 352, 372, 492, 495, 822
Ibelin palace at 238, 718, 730
Bela III, king of Hungary 419, 421, 434, 626
Bela IV, king of Hungary 785
Bela of Hungary 224
Belchite, confraternity of 256
Belgrade 96, 844
defence of (1456) 837, 844, 866–9
Belvoir, castle of 232, 372
bathroom at 238
Benedetto Accolti, chancellor of Florence and historian 829
Benedict, saint 39
Benedict VIII, pope 55
Benedict XII, pope 830–31, 905
Benedict XIII, anti-pope 854
Benedict d’Alignan, bishop of Marseilles 719–20
Benevento, battle of (1266) 898
Benzo of Alba 69
Berengaria of Navarre, queen of England 442–4, 450
Bernard, abbot of Clairvaux 27–8, 68, 250–51, 252, 255, 257, 275–99, 304–5, 306, 310, 311, 337–8, 384, 489, 569, 580, 674, 678–80
De consideratione 337–8
De laude novae militiae 250–51, 255, 256, 277
Bernard, count of Ploetzkau 293, 320
Bernard Gui, inquisitor 602–3
misrepresention of, in Umberto Eco’s Name of the Rose 602
Bernard of Valence, patriarch of Antioch 193
Bertha of Sulzbach, Byzantine empress 319
Berthier of Orléans, poet and clerk 388–9
Berthold, bishop of Livonia 488, 689–90
Bertrada of Montfort, countess of Anjou 107
Bertrand, acting count of Toulouse, count of Tripoli 196–7, 198
Bertrand, claimant to county of Tripoli 198–9, 331
Bertrand of Born, troubadour 575
Bertrand du Guesclin 886
Bertrand of Montcontour 86
Bertrand du Poujet, legate 900
Bertrandon de la Brocquière, Burgundian agent 828, 846, 859
Bethgibelin 221, 224, 231
Bethlehem 153, 155, 202, 207, 225, 231, 236, 336, 471, 740
Béziers, massacre at (1209) 590–92
Birger, king of Sweden 697
Birger Jarl, Swedish crusader 697
Blanche of Castile, queen of France 772, 780, 803
Bodrum (Halicarnassus), St Peter’s castle at 884–5
Bogomils, Balkan heretics 573–4
Bohemia, kingdom of 9–10
Bohemund, prince of Taranto and
Antioch 14, 15, 59, 71, 76–7, 82, 93, 94, 110–14, 115, 119–20, 121, 130, 131–2, 136–7, 138–42, 145, 146–52, 161, 175, 178, 186, 190, 193–4, 197, 201, 203, 221, 234, 246, 258, 261–3, 537
physical description of 262
Bohemund II, prince of Antioch 191–2, 194, 195, 196, 200, 264, 267, 346
Bohemund III, prince of Antioch 191, 346, 347, 348, 361, 403, 428, 492
Bohemund IV, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 200, 492, 555, 716, 723
Bohemund V, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 726, 785
Bohemund VI, count of Tripoli, prince of Antioch 728, 806
Bohemund VII, count of Tripoli 817
Boleslav III, king of Poland 678
Boniface III, marquis of Montferrat 504, 517–20, 525, 528, 531, 532–3, 538–9, 541–2, 547, 550, 554–5, 556, 588
Boniface VIII, pope 842, 899
Boniface IX, pope 854
Bonizo, bishop of Sutri 47, 67
Liber de Vita Christiana 47
Boris, Hungarian claimant 321
Boucicaut, Jean le Meingre, Marshal of France 707, 846, 856
Bourges, assembly at (1145) 276–7, 278, 323
Bouvines, battle of (1214) 595, 598, 615
Bremen 398, 412, 414, 424, 430, 685, 689
Brian FitzCount 168, 244
Bridget of Sweden, saint 697
Brindisi 118, 290, 323, 440, 520, 741, 744, 745, 746, 748, 762
Bromholm, abbey of 558
Bruno, bishop of Olmutz 706, 815
Bruno of Segni, papal legate 261
bula de la cruzada 655, 671
Burchard, bishop of Worms 44
Burchard, count of Vendôme 42, 43
Bursuq of Hamadan 187, 191
Byzantine church, union with Rome 538, 559–60, 815, 816, 838, 849–50, 862
Byzantium, empire of 1, 4, 10–12, 21, 35, 49–50, 52–3, 68, 162, 181, 189–90, 191, 193–4, 195, 261–3, 265–6, 273–4, 290–91, 342, 349, 360, 496, 501, 509–10, 514–15, 533–8, 555–60, 830, 845–52
Cadmus, Mt (Honaz Daghi), battle of (1148) 326–7
Caesarea 153, 178, 179, 205, 220, 224, 233–4, 355, 628, 636, 722, 748, 807
Caesarius of Heisterbach, theologian 479, 480
Caffaro, Genoese chronicler 180
Calatrava, Order of 256, 667–8
Calixtus II, pope 249, 253, 258, 265, 275, 664, 668
Calixtus III, pope 865, 869, 871, 890
Caltabellota, treaty of (1302) 899
Canary Islands 838
Canute, Danish duke 252, 264, 681
Canute V, king of Denmark 305, 680, 681
Canute VI, king of Denmark 377, 382, 690
Carmelites, Order of 730
Casal Imbert 222, 404, 726
Castelnaudary 563–6, 596, 624
Catalan Company, the 162, 850
Cathars, Catharism 568–605
Celestine III, pope 480, 488, 491, 666–7, 685
Cerne, monks of 106
Chanson d’Antioche, La 40, 84, 86, 246, 248
chansons de geste 49, 50, 56, 245, 246
Chanson des chétifs 236
Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor 5, 36–7, 40, 68, 650, 908
Charles IV, king of France 830
Charles V, king of France 887–8
Charles VI, king of France 852, 854, 858
Charles VII, king of France 866, 909–10
Charles VIII, king of France 872, 910
Charles IV, king of Germany and Bohemia, emperor 887
Charles V, king of Germany and Spain, emperor 671, 902, 910
Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily 724, 731–2, 772, 795, 806, 807, 810–12, 815, 816, 817–18, 838, 849, 898
Charles the Good, count of Flanders 207, 252
Charles the Rash, duke of Burgundy 858, 861
Châteaudun, crusade confraternity of 776
Christian, bishop of the Prussians 699–700, 704
Christian of Gistel 299, 300, 309–17 passim
Christians
Armenian 125, 193, 215, 226, 232, 849
Coptic 126, 637
Greek Orthodox 125, 192–3, 194, 225, 226, 231, 681, 684, 849–50
Jacobite 125, 193, 225, 226, 232
Maronite 125, 225, 226, 616
Melkite 226, 616
Mozarab 314, 315, 654, 660
Nestorian 213, 226, 641, 642, 785
‘Syrian’ 204, 215, 224–5, 226, 231–2, 235
Christine de Pisan, mystic and polemicist 909
Chud-Peipus, Lake, battle of (1242) 696, 701
Church reform movement of eleventh century 6–8, 45–7, 64, 68
Cicero 32, 34
Cilician Armenia 59, 126, 129, 131–2, 139, 149, 190, 194, 261, 319, 328, 427, 716, 723, 817, 826
Cistercians, order of, and crusade 296, 381, 497, 499, 503–4, 588
Clairvaux, abbey of 68
Clement III, pope 441, 479, 481, 482
Clement IV, pope 807, 809, 810, 896, 898
Clement V, pope 706, 830, 841, 842, 879, 909
Clement VI, pope 698, 889, 891
Clement VII, anti-pope 900–901
Clermont, council of (1095) 44, 58, 61, 62–74, 244, 248, 279, 386, 387, 655, 915
Clovis, king of the Franks 36
Cluny, abbey of 27, 63, 69
Cologne 3, 78, 100, 103, 309, 314, 398, 412, 414, 608–10, 685, 744
Coloman I, king of Hungary 95, 96, 99–100, 103, 109
Columbus, Christopher 672, 914–15
Comana 113, 122, 132
Compostela, shrine of St James/Santiago at 54, 70, 263, 657
Conon of Béthune, poet and crusader 389, 510
Conrad, constable to Henry IV of Germany 171, 173
Conrad, duke of Mazovia 699–700, 703, 704
Conrad III, king of Germany 8, 252, 256, 274, 281–2, 284, 286–338 passim, 384, 417, 420, 677, 679–80
Conrad III (Conradin), king of Jerusalem 724, 727, 728, 730, 806, 898
Conrad IV, king of Germany, II, king of Jerusalem 724, 725–6, 727, 756, 762, 898
Conrad of Krosigk, bishop of Halberstadt 506, 508, 517, 520, 528, 542, 557, 619
Conrad of Montferrat, king of Jerusalem 372, 384, 402, 404, 406–9, 411, 413, 415, 416, 428, 429, 444, 450, 452, 454–5, 461, 462, 464–6, 518, 723
Constance, General Council of the Church at (1414–18) 710, 842, 902
Constance, princess of Antioch 191, 194, 346–7
Constance of France, wife of Bohemund of Taranto 261
Constance of Sicily, wife of Henry VI of Germany 417, 424, 441, 489
Constantine the Great, Roman emperor 4, 5, 33
Donation of 5
Constantine IX, Byzantin
e emperor 10
Constantine XI, Byzantine emperor 850, 864
Constantinople 2, 50, 52, 59, 61, 98, 108, 110, 112–14, 116, 118–22, 172, 319, 320, 321, 322, 326, 359, 422, 425, 535, 851
fall of (1453) 844, 846, 847, 850, 860, 863–6
and Fourth Crusade 495–6, 501, 524, 531, 539–60
Latin empire of 524, 535–6, 550–51, 554–60, 632, 756, 761–2
patriarch of 4, 551, 616, 850
Contarini, Venetian family 181
Cordoba 2, 653, 670
caliphate of 13, 53, 54, 653–7
Corfu, council at (1203) 531, 542, 546, 547, 551
cour de la fronde 213, 232
cour des bourgeois 223, 229, 232
Crac des Chevaliers (Hisn al-Akrad) 150, 197, 198, 345, 403, 721, 813, 820
Cresson, Springs of, battle of (1187) 367
Crete 138, 556
cross, as symbol 63–4, 65, 70–71, 250, 255, 259–60, 279, 293, 375, 384, 389, 421, 480–81, 567, 657, 680, 755, 771–2, 803, 853, 854, 861, 892–3, 896, 908–9
Crown of Thorns, the 556, 558, 762, 783
Crusades
against Albigensians 563–605, 608, 610, 612, 622, 894; atrocities generated by 579–80, 584, 585, 590–93
to Alexandria (1365) 831–4
against Aragon (1285) 898–9
against Balearic Islands 664
in the Baltic 19–20, 168, 292–3, 296, 304–8, 341, 488, 491, 500, 652, 674–712, 756, 834–5, 837
in defence of Belgrade (1456) 837, 844, 866–9
against Bosnians 743, 756
Children’s (1212) 585, 607–11
in Christendom 168, 266, 489, 500, 529, 543, 551–2, 563–605, 623, 666, 756, 818, 834–5, 894–905; opponents of 904–5
communal structures of 93–4, 139, 149, 153, 155, 161, 162, 295, 299–301, 309, 311–12, 314, 327, 414, 420, 467, 510, 530–31, 542, 547, 607–8, 627, 631, 632–3, 644, 761, 763–4, 775–6
confraternities for 776, 878–9
to recover Constantinople 865–6
crusades against crusaders 904
devotional role of 473–4, 477–88, 497–500, 585, 604, 606, 607–11, 620–21, 737–8, 801–2, 803, 825–6, 827, 828–9, 844–5, 857–8, 888–93
against Fra Dolcino 899
of 1100–1101 170–5, 261
of 1107–8 193–4, 246, 258, 259, 261–3, 537
of 1150 336
in England 895–6
as ethnic cleansing 674
to expand Christendom 838, 914
Fifth (1213–21) 606–49, 725, 913; (1227–9) 736–55
First 7–8, 27, 44, 45, 46, 51, 58–164, 258, 483; image of 243–9, 255, 263, 308, 418, 468, 641, 659, 662, 773–4, 802, 829
Fourth 245, 266, 423, 495–560, 584
against Frederick II 762–3, 772, 774–5, 834, 895, 896–8
by Frederick II 736–55
German (1195–8) 488–96
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