God's War: A New History of the Crusades

by Tyerman, Christopher

  Honaz see Cadmus

  Honorius III, pope 600, 606, 619, 626, 641, 695, 736, 741, 747, 896

  Hospitallers, the, Order of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem 169, 179, 198, 213, 217, 221, 224, 235, 253–7, 334, 354, 355, 367, 371, 409, 449, 457, 605, 639, 665, 667, 681, 683, 726, 727, 748, 750, 752, 768, 792, 830

  criticisms of 838–41, 842

  established on Rhodes 706, 834, 837, 842–3, 861, 879, 884–5

  role in English politics 839

  Hostiensis (Henry of Segusio) 894, 904

  Hubert, scholar and crusade recruiter 736, 738

  Hubert of Paceo 220

  Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury 395, 428–9, 430, 471

  Hugh, abbot of Cluny 63, 251

  Hugh, archbishop of Lyons 171

  Hugh, bishop of Jubail 273, 323

  Hugh, count of Avranches and earl of Chester 48–9

  Hugh, count of Troyes 254

  Hugh, count of Vermandois 59, 107–8, 109, 110, 112, 114, 115, 119, 147, 171, 175

  Hugh II, king of Cyprus 728

  Hugh II, count of Jaffa 206–7, 208, 209, 220

  Hugh III, duke of Burgundy 378, 390, 397, 437, 440, 441, 443, 449, 454–5, 457, 464–6, 468–9

  Hugh III, king of Cyprus, I, king of Jerusalem 724, 729, 730–32, 813

  Hugh IV, duke of Burgundy 759, 761, 765–6, 775, 784, 808

  Hugh IV, count of St Pol 502, 505, 507–8, 520, 540, 542–3, 547, 550

  Hugh Bunel, murderer 82–3

  Hugh Capet, king of France 16

  Hugh of Chaumont, lord of Amboise 249, 253

  Hugh Eteriano, scholar 537

  Hugh of Ibelin 228, 357, 358

  Hugh of Le Puiset, lord of Jaffa 221

  Hugh of Payns, founder of Templars 254–5, 264–5

  Hugh of St Omer, lord of Galilee 220, 221

  Hulegu, Mongol commander 806–7

  Humbaud, bishop of Auxerre 247

  Humbert II, dauphin of Vienne 843

  Humbert III the Old of Beaujeu 256

  Humbert V of Beaujeu 601, 759, 762

  Humbert of Romans, preacher 688, 814

  Humphrey II of Toron 351, 360

  Humphrey III of Toron 235, 361, 365, 371, 405, 429, 458, 466

  Humphrey Bohun, earl of Hereford 708, 832

  Hundred Years War, the 707, 831, 835, 836, 851, 852, 856, 901, 911

  Hus, Jan, and Hussites 902, 912

  Ibelin, family of 221, 238, 725–7, 731, 754

  Ibn al-Athir, historian 333, 344–5, 351, 372, 384–5, 405, 414, 464, 643

  Ibn al-Jawzi, writer 754–5

  Ibn Jubayr, pilgrim 215, 228, 237

  Ibn al-Khashshab, qadi of Aleppo 271

  Ibn al-Khayyat, poet 270

  Ibn Munir, poet 270

  Ibn al-Qalanisi, chronicler 125, 182, 197, 329, 334–5

  Ibn al-Qaysarani, poet 270

  Ibn Shaddad see Beha al-Din

  Ibn Wasil, civil servant and chronicler 746

  Iconium (Konya) battle of (1190) 426

  Ida, margravine of Austria 175

  Iftikhar al-Dawla, governor of Jerusalem 155, 157

  Il-Ghazi, ruler of Mardin 191, 192

  Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, civil servant and writer 269–70, 353

  Imad al-Din Zengi, atabeg of Mosul and of Aleppo 158, 187–9, 192, 203, 268–73, 343, 344, 368, 415

  Inab, battle of (1149) 189, 331, 336, 344, 371

  indulgences 45, 48, 50, 54–5, 56, 63, 64, 67, 74, 87, 168, 248, 250, 258, 274, 378, 489, 495, 500, 551–2, 581, 582, 585–6, 597–8, 606, 608, 613–14, 633–4, 655, 660, 662, 664, 665, 695, 698, 708, 757–8, 832, 853, 863, 865, 871, 872–4, 884, 888, 893, 896, 902, 911

  see also Crusades: privileges and vow redemption

  Ingelheim 37

  Innocent II, pope 14, 275

  Innocent III, pope 477, 479–88, 494, 515, 538, 557, 560, 563, 568, 581–2, 585, 606, 608, 611, 626, 635, 683, 685, 687, 690, 721, 893, 894–5, 896

  Ad Liberandam 481–2, 612, 616–18, 634, 815

  Albigensian Crusade and 566, 576, 582–8, 592, 597–9, 604, 605

  Excommunicamus 894

  Fifth Crusade and 606–7, 612–17, 621–2, 625, 628, 634

  Fourth Crusade and 495–500, 503, 509–11, 514, 524, 529–30, 532, 538–9, 541, 543, 555

  Quia Maior (1213) 477–8, 481–2, 597–8, 612–16, 621, 634

  Innocent IV, pope 700, 702, 705, 758, 772, 773–4, 776, 778, 783, 785, 895, 904–5

  Innocent VI, pope 842

  Innocent VIII, pope 892–3

  Inquisition, the 567, 602–3, 604

  Investiture Contest, the 6–8, 47–8, 73, 172, 251–2

  Ipswich 309

  Isabella, queen of Castile 671, 914

  Isabella of Ibelin, lady of Beirut 728–9

  Isabella I, queen of Jerusalem 357–65, 429, 454, 466, 492, 723–4, 725

  Isabella II, queen of Jerusalem 612, 632, 724, 725, 741, 747

  Isabella of Portugal, duchess of Burgundy 861

  Isaac II Angelus, Byzantine emperor 418, 419–20, 422–5, 434, 490, 518, 537, 546–9

  Isaac Comnenus, ruler of Cyprus 443–6, 451, 535

  Isidore of Seville 663

  Istanbul 865

  see also Constantinople

  Ivo, bishop of Chartres 236

  Jacques de Molay, last Master of the Temple 840–42

  Jaffa 153, 174, 179, 219, 221, 492, 494, 722, 724, 730, 748, 810

  battle for (1192) 353, 470–71

  treaty of (1192) 461, 471, 473, 483, 640, 715, 751

  treaty of (1229) 745, 746, 751–2

  James, apostle and saint 655, 657, 662–3

  James I, king of Aragon 598, 670, 809, 810–11, 815–16

  James of Avesnes 409, 412, 413, 416, 432, 459, 908

  James Tedaldo, writer 860

  James of Vitry, bishop of Acre 477, 479, 497, 499, 584, 608, 615, 618, 619–20, 626, 629, 641, 642, 736

  Jarento, abbot of St Bénigne, Dijon 76

  Jean Germain, bishop of Châlons 859–61, 866

  Jerome, saint

  Vulgate of 30, 572, 573

  Jerusalem 12, 35, 49, 53, 58, 68–70, 75, 120, 129, 137, 149, 167–9, 740

  and the conquest of the Americas 914–15

  first kingdom of 60, 159, 160, 178–82, 197, 200–240, 354–74; representative assemblies in 355–6

  as goal of First Crusade 63, 66–70, 81–2

  as goal of Third Crusade 460–74

  as stated goal of crusades 375–6, 473–4, 501–2, 524, 529–30, 540, 639–41, 794, 800

  partition plans for 466–7, 469–70, 751–2

  patriarchate of 4, 78, 218, 616

  pilgrimages to 43, 55, 56, 65, 68–70, 74, 81–2, 83, 116, 167, 169, 180, 216–18, 221, 243–4, 251–3, 329, 330, 379, 662, 826

  recovery of, plans and schemes for 827–34, 836, 840, 853–4, 855, 866, 870, 872, 881

  second kingdom of 715–33, 764, 806–8, 813–22

  siege and fall of (638) 51–2; (1099) 31, 60, 82–3, 117, 142, 153–60, 351, 374, 554, 887–8; (1187) 351, 356, 372–4; (1244) 771, 772

  Jews 78, 100, 108, 155, 227, 284, 389, 482, 757, 804, 867

  persecution of (1096) 55, 59, 61, 71, 79, 95, 97, 100–106, 282; (1099) 158; (1146–7) 282–6, 292; (1190) 438–9; (in Spain) 656; (by Louis IX) 778, 804; (1320) 881

  jihad 21, 52–4, 269–73, 334, 344–5, 352–3, 657, 846

  Joan, queen of Sicily 442, 443, 461

  Joan of Arc 909–10

  Joannitza, king of Bulgaria 550, 555–6

  Jocelyn of Brakelond, monk and chronicler 393

  John, bishop of Speyer 101

  John, king of England 393, 431, 466, 470, 484, 496, 502, 508, 576, 582, 587–9, 595, 612–13, 615, 620, 623, 895

  John, king of Sweden 695

  John, lord of Joinville, crusader and memorialist 776, 779, 781, 782–3, 787–801 passim, 805, 809, 814

  John, saint, Book of Revelation of 31, 157

&nbs
p; John I Tzimisces, Byzantine emperor 53

  John II Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 188, 194, 265, 268, 323, 534

  John II, king of France 832, 883

  John IV the Oxite, patriarch of Antioch 193

  John V Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 847, 849, 851

  John VI Cantacuzene, Byzantine emperor 843, 851

  John VIII, pope 38

  John VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849–50, 859

  John XII, pope 6

  John XXII, pope 830, 835, 889, 899–900, 901

  John the Baptist 30, 254, 497

  John of Basingstoke, scholar 537

  John Beaufort 853–4

  John Bessarion, cardinal 844, 846, 849

  John of Brienne, king of Jerusalem, emperor of Constantinople 556–7, 612, 629, 630–32, 639, 641, 642–7, 716, 725, 736, 740, 741, 743, 756, 897

  John Bromyard, OP 891

  John of Capistrano, Observant Franciscan and saint 866–9, 891

  John the Fearless, count of Nevers, duke of Burgundy 854–7, 858, 861

  John of Friaise 510

  John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 853, 854, 901

  John Hunyadi, regent of Hungary 862–3, 867–9

  John of Ibelin, lord of Arsuf 727, 728

  John of Ibelin, ‘Old Lord of Beirut’ 494, 725, 748

  John of Ibelin, count of Jaffa 727, 728, 729–31, 784, 787, 791, 806

  Le Livre des Assises 729–30

  John of Mantua 67

  John Paston II, owner of a book on Richard I 886

  John Paul II, pope 560, 917

  John Phocas, pilgrim 221

  John of Plano Carpini, OFM 785

  John Sarrasin, French civil servant 787

  John Scot Erigena 37

  John Torcello, Greek agent 859

  John of Würzburg, pilgrim 217, 221, 253, 677

  John Wyclif, heresiarch 901, 905

  De Cruciata 901

  John of Xanten, preacher 619

  Joscelin I of Courtenay, count of Edessa 186–7, 221, 271

  Joscelin II of Courtenay, count of Edessa 188–9, 268, 331

  Joscelin III of Courtenay, titular count of Edessa 357, 358–60, 364

  Joscius, archbishop of Tyre 374, 376, 493

  Joseph, monk of Canterbury and pilgrim 83

  Julian Caesarini, cardinal 862–3

  Julius II, pope 901

  Julius III, pope 902

  just war 32–51, 258

  Kalavun, sultan of Egypt 732, 817, 818

  Kalojan, king of Bulgaria 510

  Kalonymos, rabbi of Mainz 101–2

  al-Kamil, sultan of Egypt 630–49 passim, 742, 745–6, 747–52, 755, 764

  Karaman 427

  Kerak 203, 224, 363, 367, 372, 639

  Kerbogha, atabeg of Mosul 129, 134, 137, 138, 140–41, 143, 144, 146–7, 149, 186, 204, 246

  Khwarazmians, Turkish freebooters 746, 769, 771

  Kibotos 82, 98, 99, 108, 119

  Kilij Arslan I, sultan of Rum 124, 127, 128, 129–30, 174, 203

  Kilij Arslan II, sultan of Rum 419, 426

  Knightsbridge 255

  Konya 131, 534

  see also Iconium

  Koran, the, translations of 245, 859

  Kossovo, battle of (1389) 843, 863; (1448) 863

  La Forbie, battle of (1244) 771

  La Merced, Order of 667

  Ladislaus, king of Bohemia 282

  Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary 862–3

  Lambert, bishop of Arras 63

  Landulph, Byzantine agent 327

  Lapps 4

  Las Navas de Tolosa, battle of (1212) 612, 668–9

  Lateran, St John, palace and church of, Rome

  First General Church Council at (1123) 488–9, 664

  Third General Church Council at (1179) 489, 551, 578, 580, 583

  Fourth General Church Council at (1215) 260, 387, 481, 482, 487, 568, 585, 598–9, 616–17, 687, 893

  Fifth General Church Council at (1512–17) 873

  Lattakiah 117, 135–6, 150, 161, 178, 190, 193, 628, 817

  Lavaur, massacre at (1211) 579–80, 584, 585

  Lazarus, Order of 256–7

  Leo II, king of Armenia 490, 493–4, 632, 644, 716

  Leo III, pope 5

  Leo IV, pope 38

  Leo IX, pope 14, 46

  Leopold V, duke of Austria 398–9, 418, 453, 472, 478

  Leopold VI, duke of Austria 487, 584, 606, 615, 626, 629, 635, 669

  Lepanto, battle of (1571) 903–4

  Limoges 72, 74

  Lincoln, battle of (1217) 896

  Lisbon, siege of (1147) 300, 304, 308–17, 665

  Lithuania 677, 682, 684, 689, 693–4, 705–10

  Livonia 488, 491, 500, 681, 685–94, 701, 705, 706, 711

  Livre au Roi 729

  Livy 32

  locusts, plagues of 181

  Lombards 61, 98, 172–3, 174, 175, 224

  War of 725–6

  London, Londoners 3, 300, 309, 396, 412, 414, 432, 438, 608

  Lorraine, Lorrainers 59, 62, 79, 81, 108–10, 293

  Louis, duke of Orléans 854

  Louis I, count of Blois 502–3, 505, 507–8, 510, 518, 520, 550, 556, 613

  Louis I, count of Clermont, duke of Bourbon 878–9, 880–81, 883

  Louis I, duke of Bavaria 625, 645, 741

  Louis II, duke of Bourbon 852–3, 883

  Louis III, landgrave of Thuringia 413, 418, 428

  Louis IV, king of Germany 705, 830, 899

  Louis IV, landgrave of Thuringia 744, 746–7

  Louis VII, king of France 16, 18, 252, 275–81, 283, 289–338 passim, 384, 420, 489, 550, 580, 737

  Louis VIII, king of France 451, 453, 566, 576, 588, 592, 598–601, 620, 622

  Louis IX, king of France 345, 558, 601, 670, 727, 728, 737, 758, 759, 762, 769, 830, 881, 908

  first crusade 604, 722, 770–802, 803–4, 909

  second crusade 805–14

  Louis XI, king of France 870

  Louis XII, king of France 873

  Lowestoft 414

  Lübeck 305, 430, 685, 689, 690–92, 701, 702, 704, 744

  Lucca 61, 118

  Lucius II, pope 273–4, 581

  Ad abolendam (1184) 581

  Lucius III, pope 342, 417

  Ludolf of Tournai 157

  Lydda 153

  Lyons

  First General Council of the Church at (1245) 772, 774, 778, 779, 785, 897

  Second General Council of the Church at (1274) 688, 706, 814–16, 837, 840, 849; Constitutiones pro zeli fidei 815

  Ma ‘arrat al-Nu ‘man 142, 145, 149–50, 190, 192, 270

  Mabel of Bellême 83

  Maccabees, the 30–31, 41, 86, 380, 421, 477, 906, 909, 912

  Magdeburg, ‘crusade’ circular of 246, 263, 674–6, 677

  Magna Carta 615, 617

  Magna Mahomeria (al-Bira) 220, 221–2, 223, 232, 754

  Magnus II, king of Sweden 697–8

  al-Mahdiya 54

  crusade to (1390) 852–3

  Mainz 78, 100, 101–2, 103, 104, 105

  diet of (‘Curia Christi’) (1188) 377, 387, 392, 394, 419

  Maldon, battle of (991) 40

  Malik Shah, Seljuk sultan 126–7, 128

  Mamistra 132

  mamluks, slave warriors 22, 348, 352, 415, 729

  Bahriyya division 771, 789, 790–91, 792, 795, 797, 807

  Mamluks, rulers of Egypt 22, 715, 720–21, 722, 732, 770, 806–7, 817, 826, 831–4, 836–7, 845, 861, 884

  Manasses, bishop of Orléans 563–6

  Manasses, archbishop of Rheims 172

  Manasses of Hierges, constable of Jerusalem 208, 220

  Manfred, king of Sicily 806, 898

  Mansourah 646–7, 788, 789–94, 796

  battle of (1250) 789, 792–4, 797, 799

  al-Mansur, ruler of al-Andalus 53, 54, 657, 670

  Mantua, conference at (1459–60) 870

  Manuel I Comnenus, Byzantine emperor 194, 218, 236, 273
, 286, 289, 291, 318–19, 321–9, 331, 335, 342, 346–7, 510, 533–7

  Manuel II Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 849, 851

  Manzikert, battle of 11, 49, 82, 127

  Marasch 132

  Margaret of France, queen of Hungary 421

  Margaret of Provence, queen of France 789, 796, 811

  Margat (Marqab), castle of 446, 817

  Maria of Antioch, sister of Bohemund III 194

  Maria of Antioch, daughter of Bohemund IV 731

  Maria Comnena, queen of Jerusalem 212, 357–61, 372

  Maria la Marquise, queen of Jerusalem 493, 632, 724, 725

  Marienburg, becomes Teutonic Knights’ HQ 842

  Marinid rulers of Morocco 671

  Marino Sanudo Torsello, Venetian writer 718, 802, 827–8, 905

  Marmoutier, abbey of 63, 70, 71, 74

  Marseilles, preaching in 619

  Marsilius of Padua 905

  Martin, abbot of Pairis 498, 503–4, 506, 517, 520, 553, 557

  Martin IV, pope 898

  Mary, mother of Jesus, as war goddess and patroness 687–8

  ‘Master of Hungary’, the, demagogue 804

  Matthew Gentile, count of Lesina 625, 645

  Matthew Paris, monk and chronicler 625, 717, 721, 762–3, 772, 800

  Matthias Corvinus, king of Hungary 872

  Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, countess of Anjou 195, 207, 208, 300

  Matilda, wife of King Stephen, queen of England 255

  Mawdud, ruler of Mosul 190, 203, 227, 271

  Mecca 203, 345, 362

  Medina 203, 345

  Mehmed I, Ottoman sultan 852

  Mehmed II, the Conqueror, Ottoman sultan 844, 845, 850, 851, 863–6, 868, 871, 872

  Meinhard, missionary 689, 690

  Melisende, queen of Jerusalem 207, 208, 209–10, 232, 264, 277, 332, 334, 335, 345, 357

  Psalter of 210, 236

  Memel 689

  Merzifon, battle of 174, 175

  Messina, and Third Crusade 436, 441–3, 450, 532

  Mestwin, duke of Danzig 703

  Mezenc, castellans of 86

  Michael VIII Palaeologus, Byzantine emperor 557, 815, 849

  Michael Choniates, archbishop of Athens 537

  Miesco I, king of Poland 5, 10

  Miguel de Cervantes 673

  Milan, Milanese 3, 175

  Patarines of 46–7, 48

  Miles of Plancy, seneschal of Jerusalem 209, 220, 357, 359, 360

  Milo of Brébant 510

  Milo of Evry-le-Châtel 300

  Mindaugas, king of Lithuania 702

  miscegenation, stories of 175, 230, 750

  Mohacs, battle of (1526) 844

  Moissac, monks of St Peter’s of 80

  Mongols, the 641, 705, 715, 718, 722, 755–6, 769, 770–71, 772, 784–6, 798, 801, 806–7, 813, 815–16, 817, 818, 826, 838, 913–14

  Monreal del Campo, militia of 256