The Exodus
Page 27
slavery, 9, 27–31, 58, 60–62, 64, 67, 76–78, 116, 118, 252nn113–114
Smith, Mark, 52, 149, 185, 247n51, 263n38, 264n47, 268n51, 270n61
Sobera, Barak, 255n22
Socrates, 215
Solomon, 98–99, 111, 159, 244n21
Song of Deborah, 34, 36, 40, 51, 65, 70, 74, 101, 103, 105, 132, 143, 144, 200, 202, 243n18, 246–247n48
Song of Miriam. See Song of the Sea Song of Moses, 156, 169–172, 177, 180–181, 184, 260n63, 265nn12–13
Song of the Sea, 34–40, 50, 65, 67, 70, 74, 79, 80, 101, 103, 114, 143, 150, 162, 172, 173, 182, 200, 243n16, 243n18, 248n64
Sperling, David, 13, 16, 18–19, 77–78, 240n5, 252n110
Srour, David, 242n1
Stager, Lawrence, 254n5, 254n9, 254n16, 257nn40–41, 259n57
Starkey, J. L., 91
stepped stone structure, 97
Stern, Ephraim, 254n6, 257n41
supplementary hypothesis, 44
Syria. See Aram, Aramean
Tabernacle, 39, 65, 73, 200
and centralization, 163–164
and Rameses II’s battle camp, 53–54, 64, 82, 93, 247n54
Tamar, 210
Tappy, Ron, 93, 255n20
Taylor, Glen A., 63, 250n84, 270n6
Tel Dan inscription, 239n2, 244n28
Tel ‘Ira, 92
Tel Zayit inscription, 93–94, 255nn20–21
Temple, 39–40, 65, 107, 111, 152, 159, 163, 165, 175, 177, 192, 193–194, 265n14
Ten Commandments, 2, 61–62, 76, 151, 161–163, 210, 216, 249n81
Ten Commandments (film), 1–2, 138
Tent of Meeting. See Tabernacle
Thanksgiving, 76
theology, 23, 121, 142, 152, 162, 173, 184, 186, 189, 194, 213, 214
Thera, 21–22, 241n22, 241n24
Thiessen, Matthew, 265n13
Thomas, Mark G., 258nn48–50, 259n53
Thompson, T. L., 240n3
Tigay, Jeffrey, 92, 95, 242n1, 255n17
tithe, 74, 251n101
Torah, 45, 49, 62–63, 68, 74, 78, 105, 200–201, 203, 209, 211. See also Pentateuch
Tov, Emanuel, 267n30, 267n34
tower of Babel. See tower of Babylon
tower of Babylon, 178, 179–181, 183–184, 185, 186–188, 208, 209, 269n53
Turkel, Eli, 255n22
Ugarit, 184, 185
Uriah the Hittite, 210
Ussishkin, David, 256n35
Uzziah, 89
van Seters, John, 240n3
von Rad, Gerhard, 181, 252n105, 268n43
Wahl, Geoffrey, 106
Wapnish, Paula, 257n40
Ward, S., 241n23
Weinfeld, Moshe, 266n15
Weippert, Helga, 266n15
Wellhausen, Julius, 270n2
Wenham, Gordon, 268n49
Westbrook, Raymond, 254n16
Williamson, H. G. M., 264n6
Wilson, John, 250n85
Wolff, Hans Walter, 266n15
Wolpe, David, 14, 16, 18–19, 29, 239n4, 242n7
Wolpe, Paul, 106
Wright, George Ernest, 13, 23, 142, 241n25, 244n29, 253n3, 254n9, 260n59, 264nn44–45, 265n12, 271n20
Wright, Jacob, 239n4
Wright, Robert, 212
Yabneh-yam, 92, 254n16
Yadin, Yigael, 98–99
Yahweh, 100, 116, 118, 129, 150, 152, 157–160, 163–165, 181, 187, 246nn41–43, 246–247n48, 254n10
and Akhenaten, 139–141
and the goddess, 189–193
and the gods, 171–175, 178, 182
merger with El, 49–53, 82–83, 121–122, 143–145, 149, 152, 155, 168, 183, 203, 215
and Midian, 123, 127, 131–133, 146
in names, 88–90, 92, 152
nature of, 114, 142
revelation of name, 9, 46, 47–51, 64, 82, 144, 149, 200
of Samaria, 190–192
and Shasu, 122–123, 144
in the Song of the Sea, 37–40
Yardeni, Ada, 91, 254n8
Young, Ian, 251n97
Zadokites, 105
Zeus, 171, 206
Zevit, Ziony, 247n52, 250–251n97, 255n17, 258n43, 269n56, 269n59
Zilpah, 117
Zipporah, 17, 55, 56, 69, 128
Zuckerman, Bruce, 255n20
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
RICHARD ELLIOTT FRIEDMAN is one of the premier Bible scholars in the country. He is the Ann and Jay Davis Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Georgia and the Katzin Professor of Jewish Civilization Emeritus of the University of California, San Diego. He earned his doctorate at Harvard and was a Visiting Fellow at Oxford and Cambridge, a Senior Fellow of the American Schools of Oriental Research in Jerusalem, and a Visiting Professor at the University of Haifa. He is the author of Commentary on the Torah, The Disappearance of God, The Hidden Book in the Bible, The Bible with Sources Revealed, The Bible Now, The Exile and Biblical Narrative, and the bestselling Who Wrote the Bible?
Discover great authors, exclusive offers, and more at hc.com.
ALSO BY RICHARD ELLIOTT FRIEDMAN
The Exile and Biblical Narrative
Who Wrote the Bible?
The Disappearance of God
The Hidden Book in the Bible
Commentary on the Torah
The Bible with Sources Revealed
The Bible Now, with Shawna Dolansky
CREDITS
Cover design: Studio Gearbox
Cover photograph: David Cheshire | Arcangel
COPYRIGHT
The author is grateful for permission to include the following previously copyrighted material:
Excerpts from “Love Your Neighbor—Only Israelites or Everyone?” Biblical Archaeology Review (September/October 2014): 48–52.
Excerpts from “The Exodus Is Not Fiction” (published as an interview), Reform Judaism (Spring 2014): 6–8, 60.
Excerpts from “Parashat Beshalach: ‘The Historical Exodus: The Evidence for the Levites Leaving Egypt and the Introduction of YHWH into Israel,’” TheTorah.com (January 2015), http://thetorah.com/the-historical-exodus.
Excerpts from “Parashat Qedoshim: ‘The Exodus, the Alien, and the Neighbor,’” TheTorah.com (May 2017), http://thetorah.com/the-exodus-the-alien-and-the-neighbor.
Excerpts from “Does Israel Have No Roots There in History?” Huffington Post, October 13, 2012.
All Bible translations from the Hebrew are by the author.
THE EXODUS. Copyright © 2017 by Richard Elliott Friedman. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. By payment of the required fees, you have been granted the nonexclusive, nontransferable right to access and read the text of this e-book on-screen. No part of this text may be reproduced, transmitted, downloaded, decompiled, reverse-engineered, or stored in or introduced into any information storage and retrieval system, in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereafter invented, without the express written permission of HarperCollins e-books.
FIRST EDITION
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Friedman, Richard Elliott, author.
Title: The Exodus : how it happened and why it matters / Richard Elliott Friedman.
Description: New York, NY : HarperOne, [2017]
Identifiers: LCCN 2017019589 | ISBN 9780062565242 (hardcover)
Subjects: LCSH: Exodus, The. | Israelites crossing the Red Sea (Biblical event). | Jews--History--To 1200 B.C.
Classification: LCC BS1199.E93 F75 2017 | DDC 222/.12095--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017019589
EPub Edition September 2017 ISBN 978-0-06-256526-6
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* The P text does not say what the tablets of the testimony contained. There is no mention of the Ten Commandments, and several of them are contained elsewhere in the Priestly law codes.
* The Priestly law code does not include Leviticus 23:39–43 or 26:39–45.