Jihad Joe
Page 30
18. USA v. bin Laden et al., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, February 6, 2001, and subsequent days, Testimony of Jamal Al Fadl.; USA v. Enaam M. Arnaout, No. 02 CR 892, Government’s Evidentiary Proffer Supporting the Admissibility of Coconspirator Statements, January 6, 2003.
19. Wright, The Looming Tower, 222n; USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, February 21, 2001, Testimony of L’Houssaine Kherchtou.
20. Wright, The Looming Tower, 183; Williams, “Bin Laden’s Bay Area Recruiter.” The exact date of Zawahiri’s trip is disputed.
21. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, February 21, 2001, Testimony of L’Houssaine Kherchtou.
22. Susan Sachs, “An Investigation in Egypt Illustrates Al Qaeda’s Web,” New York Times, November 21, 2001; USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Sealed Complaint, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998; and Andrew C. McCarthy, Willful Blindness: A Memoir of the Jihad (New York: Encounter Books, 2008), 94–95.
23. McCarthy, Willful Blindness, 94–95.
24. USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Sealed Complaint, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998; McCarthy, Willful Blindness, 301.
25. McCarthy, Willful Blindness, 304; Triple-Cross (National Geographic Video, 2007).
26. USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Sealed Complaint, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998; USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, Indictment and Superseding Indictment.
27. USA v. bin Laden et al., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, February 6, 2001, and subsequent days, Testimony of Jamal Al Fadl.
28. Ibid.
29. Author interviews with Tom Corrigan, June 24, 2008, through June 23, 2010, inclusive.
30. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, April 17, 2001.
31. 9/11 Commission Report, 480.
32. “Bin Laden’s Fatwa,” PBS News Hour, retrieved August 4, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/terrorism/international/fatwa_1996.html.
33. Wright, The Looming Tower, 265; USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, May 3, 2001; and Murphy, “Pilot Led a Quiet Life in Orlando.”
34. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, May 1, 2001.
35. Ibid., court transcript, February 21, 2001; Kevin Peraino and Evan Thomas, “Odyssey into Jihad,” Newsweek, January 14, 2002; Zill, “A Portrait of Wadih El Hage, Accused Terrorist.”
36. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcripts, February 21, 2001, and May 1, 2001; Zill, “A Portrait of Wadih El Hage, Accused Terrorist.”
37. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcripts, March 22, 2001, and May 1, 2001; USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, Indictment and Superseding Indictment.
38. USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Sealed Complaint, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998.
39. Benjamin Weiser, “Prosecutors Portray the Strands of a Bin Laden Web of Terror,” New York Times, January 23, 2000; USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, Exhibit 358.
40. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, May 3, 2001. At one point it was also speculated that O’Sam was Mohammed Atef, the military chief of al Qaeda at that time. Atef was killed in November 2001 during the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan.
41. “Jihad against Jews and Crusaders,” World Islamic Front Statement, February 23, 1998, retrieved August 4, 2010, http://www.fas.org/irp/world/para/docs/980223-fatwa.htm.
42. Interview, Osama bin Laden, PBS Frontline, May 1998, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html.
43. FBI Executive Summary of Findings, International Bulletin, November 18, 1998, retrieved August 4, 2010, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/bombings/summary.html.
44. USA v Ali Abdelseoud Mohamed, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023 (LBS), Sealed Complaint, Affidavit of Daniel Coleman, September 1998.
45. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, March 20, 2001.
46. Ibid.
47. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, March 22, 2001; USA v. bin Laden, Indictment and Superseding Indictment.
48. USA v. bin Laden, S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, March 22, 2001; USA v. bin Laden, Indictment and Superseding Indictment; Triple-Cross (National Geographic Video, 2007); and statement of Patrick J. Fitzgerald, United States Attorney, Northern District of Illinois, National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States (9/11 Commission), June 16, 2004.
49. Murphy, “Pilot Led a Quiet Life in Orlando.”
50. Tony Rizzo, “KC Man Linked to Early al-Qaida,” Kansas City Star, September 9, 2006.
Chapter 7. The Rise of Anwar Awlaki
1. “Las Cruces History,” Las Cruces Convention & Visitors Bureau, retrieved August 25, 2010, http://www.lascrucescvb.org/html/las_cruces__new_mexico_history.html.
2. Tom Sharpe, “Radical Iman Traces Roots to N.M.,” Santa Fe New Mexican, November 15, 2009.
3. Bobby Ghosh, “How Dangerous Is the Cleric Anwar Al Awlaki?” Time, January 13, 2010.
4. Scott Shane and Souad Mekhennet, “From Condemning Terror to Preaching Jihad,” New York Times, May 9, 2010.
5. Catherine Herridge, “Radical Muslim Cleric Lied to Qualify for U.S.-Funded College Scholarship,” Fox News, April 12, 2010.
6. Aamer Madhani, “Cleric Al Awlaki Dubbed ‘bin Laden of the Internet,’” USA Today, August 25, 2010; CNN American Morning, August 2, 2010, transcript, retrieved August 6, 2010, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1008/02/ltm.03.html.
7. Ghosh, “How Dangerous Is the Cleric Anwar Al Awlaki?”; “The Islamic Education of Anwar Awlaki,” retrieved March 14, 2010, http://themujahidblog.com/2009/12/30/the-islamic-education-of-shaykh-anwar-al-awlaki/; Hassan Al Ahdal, “Media Terrorism,” Muslim World League Journal (January 1999); and Hassan Al Ahdal, “Kosovo Crisis,” Muslim World League Journal (May 1999).
8. Bruce Finley, “Muslim Cleric Targeted by U.S. Made Little Impression during Colorado Years,” Denver Post, April 11, 2010.
9. Ibid.
10.9/11 Commission, Memorandum for the Record, Telephone Interview of Lincoln Higgie, November 19, 2003.
11.9/11 Commission, Memorandum for the Record, Interview of Special Agent [name redacted], November 18, 2003.
12. Audio recording, “CIA Islam—Sheikh Faisal’s Takfeer of Anwar Awlaki,” Abdullah Faisal, undated.
13. Audio recording, “CIA Islam.”
14. Audio: Anwar Awlaki, “Al Akhirah (The Afterlife),” Al Basheer Audio.
15. Ibid.
16. Audio: Anwar Awlaki, “The Life of Muhammad (Mecca Period).”
17. Susan Schmidt, “Imam from Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al Qaeda,” Washington Post, February 27, 2008.
18. “Yemen Cleric Zindani Warns against ‘Foreign Occupation,’” BBC News, January 11, 2010, retrieved August 25, 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8453025.stm?CFID=17638234&CFTOKEN=54261596.
19. Jordanian Court Record, Confession of Abdullah Kamil Abdullah Al Sharida, February 9, 1994; Memorandum, Muslim World League, International Islamic Relief Organization, “Meeting between Abu Abdallah, Dr. Abdallah Naseef and Sheikh Abdel Majeed Zindani,” from the Tareekh Osama files.
20. Mustafa Hamid, “Battle of Torghar,” al Qaeda historical document, 1990 (from the Harmony collection); Tom Downey, “Khalid Sheikh Mohammed’s ‘Old Friend’ from the Bosnian War Talks of 16-Year Journey of ‘Jihads,’” Guardian Unlimited, April 23, 2006; Schmidt, “Imam from Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al Qaeda”; The Martyrs of Bosnia, Bosnian mujahideen propaganda video, obtained by the author; and John Miller, Michael Stone, and Chris Mitchell, The Cell: Inside the 9/11 Plot, and Why the FBI and CIA Failed to Stop It (New York: Hyperion, 2003), 82.
21. USA v. Numan Muflahi, 1:03-cr-00412-NG, Defense Memorandum, July 31, 2005.
22. “U.S. Department of Labor Awards More Than $58 Million to Eliminate Exploitive Child Labor around the Worl
d,” U.S. Newswire, October 1, 2008; e-mail interview with Jamal Al Haddi, Program Manager, Charitable Society for Social Welfare, June 2, 2010, and June 23, 2010; documents available at J. M. Berger, “Exclusive: U.S. Gave Millions to Charity Linked to Al Qaeda, Anwar Awlaki,” Intelwire.com, April 14, 2010, updated June 23, 2010, retrieved August 27, 2010, http://news.intelwire.com/2010/04/us-gave-millions-to-charity-linked-to.html.
23. Interview with Ray Royer, October 16, 2008; Bruce Finley, “War Divides Colorado Arabs,” Denver Post, January 27, 1991; Schmidt, “Imam from Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al Qaeda”; and USA v. Usama bin Laden et al., S(7) 98 Cr. 1023, court transcript, May 1, 2001.
24. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Anwar Nasser Aulaqi,” September 26, 2001; Chitra Ragavan, “The Imam’s Very Curious Story,” U.S. News and World Report, June 21, 2004.
25. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Anwar Nasser Aulaqi” September 26, 2001; Joe Cantlupe and Dana Wilkie, “Former San Diego Islamic Spiritual Leader Defends Mosque,” Copley News Service, September 28, 2001.
26. See 9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Interview of Omar Al Bayoumi, October 16–17, 2003.
27. See 9/11 Bayoumi Interview, FBI FD-302, Interrogation of Omar Al Bayoumi, August 18, 2003.
28. See 9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Interview of FBI SA Daniel Gonzales, November 18, 2003.
29. See 9/11 Bayoumi Interview, FBI FD-302, Interrogation of Omar Al Bayoumi, October 16–17, 2003.
30. FBI FD-302, Interrogation of Omer Bakarbashat.
31. FBI FD-302, Investigation of Hijackers’ Activities in San Diego Area, January 15, 2002; 9/11 Interview, FBI SA [redacted].
32. The 9-11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States, Official Government Edition (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2004), 218.
33. FBI Summary of Information, Mohdar Abdullah, April 11, 2002.
34. FBI FD-302, Investigation of Hijackers’ Activities in San Diego Area, January 15, 2002; 9/11 Commission Report, 220.
35. Nexis address search for Omer Bakarbashat.
36. 9/11 Commission Report, 220; Ray Rivera and Matthew Sweeney, “Acquaintance of 2 Hijackers Is Acquitted,” New York Times, November 18, 2006.
37. Ray Rivera, “Jurors Begin Weighing Perjury Case against Man Who Knew Two Sept. 11 Hijackers,” New York Times, November 17, 2006; Ian MacLeod, “Algonquin Student Eyed after 9/11; U.S. Prosecutors Discussed Charging Man in Same Case as ‘20th Hijacker,’ Documents Reveal,” Ottawa Citizen, September 25, 2009; 9/11 Commission Report, 223.
38. 9/11 Commission Report, 221.
39.9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Interview of FBI Special Agent [redacted], November 17, 2003.
40. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Anwar Nasser Aulaqi.” September 26, 2001.
41. Cantlupe and Wilkie, “Former San Diego Islamic Spiritual Leader Defends Mosque”; 9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Telephone Interview of Lincoln Higgie, November 19, 2003; and FBI Summary of PENTBOM Investigation, Feb. 29, 2004.
42. Audio: Anwar Awlaki, “Abu Bakr Al Siddiq (radiyu al lahu anhu), His Life and Times,” Al Bashir Audio.
43. Amy Gardner and Anita Kumar, “Va. Muslim Activist Denies Urging Violence; Remarks on YouTube Lead to Resignation,” Washington Post, September 29, 2007; “Dar Al-Hijrah Hosts Fundraiser For ‘Virginia Jihad’ Cell Member,” Global Muslim Brotherhood Daily Report, Feb. 25, 2010, http://globalmbreport.com/?p=2339; Glenn Frankel, “A Fragile Peace; For Northern Virginia’s Palestinians, Life in America Is a String of Perils,” Washington Post, March 1, 1997; and FBI Communication, “PENTBOM; MAJOR CASE 182,” August 6, 2002.
44. PBS NewsHour, November 12, 2009.
45. Audio: Anwar Awlaki: “The Quran, Book of Tolerance,” undated. Awlaki gave a slight variation on this speech at an Islamic Society of North America event just days before September 11, 2001.
46. Audio: Anwar Awlaki, “Mashari Al Ashwaq [The Book of Jihad],” undated.
47. “Milestones: Nidal Malik Hasan: An Interactive Timeline of the Life and Career of Maj. Nidal Malik Hasan, Who Is Charged in the Fort Hood Shootings,” New York Times, November 7, 2009, retrieved August 25, 2010, http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2009/11/07/us/20091107-HASAN-TIMELINE.html; Philip Sherwell and Alex Spillius, “Fort Hood Shooting: Texas Army Killer Linked to September 11 Terrorists,” Daily Telegraph, November 7, 2009.
48. FBI Communication, “PENTTBOM; Major Case 182,” June 30, 2002; 9/11 Commission Report, 229.
49. 9/11 Commission Report, 230; 9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Interview of FBI Special Agent Bob Bukowski, November 6, 2003.
50. 9/11 Commission Report, 221.
51. Ibid., 218.
52. Terry McDermott, Perfect Soldiers: The 9/11 Hijackers: Who They Were, Why They Did It, (New York: Harper Collins, 2005), 189–190.
53. Scholars and lecturers who linked from the Ar-Ribat website as of April 18, 2010, included hard-core Salafists such as Ahmed Deedat and Bilal Philips (Chapter 4), and Saudi-sponsored North American scholars such as Jamal Badawi and Siraj Wahhaj. See http://icfoundation.com/new_index.htm, retrieved April 18, 2010; http://www.icfoundation.com/audio_english_islamway.htm, retrieved September 6, 2010; and http://www.icfoundation.com/Brochures/Islamic%20Beliefs%20and%20Practices/authenticity_of_the_quran.htm, retrieved September 6, 2010.
54. Report of the Joint Inquiry into the Terrorist Attacks of September 11, 2001—By the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence and the Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, December 2002, 59.
55.9/11 Commission Interview, FBI SA [name redacted], November 18, 2003.
56. Schmidt, “Imam from Va. Mosque Now Thought to Have Aided Al Qaeda.”
57. American Morning, CNN, August 3, 2010, retrieved August 6, 2010, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANS CRIPTS/1008/02/ltm.03.html. Higgie made the same basic statement to the 9/11 Commission. See 9/11 Commission Memorandum for the Record, Telephone Interview of Lincoln Higgie, November 19, 2003. It should be noted that Higgie also told investigators that the “US government and ‘the Mossad’ knew or should have known about the attacks before they occurred.”
Chapter 8. Scenes from September 11
1. Judith Miller and Don Van Natta Jr., “In Years of Plots and Clues, Scope of Qaeda Eluded U.S.,” New York Times, June 9, 2002.
2. USA v. Ramzi Yousef and Eyad Ismoil, S12 93 CR180 (KTD), Government Exhibit 2799-1.
3. Video viewed by the author.
4. CIA and FBI Joint Report, Arizona Long-Term Nexus For Islamic Extremists, SECRET, May 15, 2002, obtained by the author through the FOIA. The document was almost entirely redacted except for the title, the date, and the section headers.
5. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Zakaria Mustapha Soubra,” July 7, 2001.
6. FBI Report, Working Draft Chronology of Events for Hijackers and Associates, November 14, 2003, obtained through the Freedom of Information Act.
7. 9/11 Commission Report, multiple references.
8. “Convicted Terrorists Held on Death Row at Terre Haute Prison,” Associated Press, March 12, 2002.
9. Author interviews with Alia Rashid, June 26, 2008, and October 23, 2008.
10. Audio: Democracy Now, July 31, 2009, retrieved August 11, 2010, http://www.democracynow.org/2009/7/31/exclusive_john_walker_lindhs_parents_discuss; Josh Tyrangiel, “The Taliban Next Door,” Time, December 9, 2001.
11. Audio: Democracy Now, July 31, 2009; Tom Junod, “Innocent,” Esquire, July 1, 2006; Gregory D. Johnsen, “Profile of Sheikh Abd al-Majid al-Zindani,” Terrorism Monitor, April 6, 2006.
12. Audio: Democracy Now, July 31, 2009.
13. USA v. John Philip Walker Lindh, CR 02-37a, Indictment, February 5, 2002.
14. Evelyn Nieves, “A U.S. Convert’s Path from Suburbia to a Gory Jail for Taliban,” New York Times, December 4, 2001.
15. Susan Candiotti and Ross Levitt, “From Dishwasher to al Qaeda Leadership: Who
Is Adnan Shukrijumah?” CNN.com, August 6, 2010, retrieved August 7, 2010, http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/08/06/terror.qaeda.leader/indexhtml?hpt=C2.
16. Interview with Ray Royer, October 16, 2008.
17. USA v. Randall Royer et al., CR 03-296-A, Grand Jury indictment, June 2003 term, undated.
18. USA v. Muhammed Aatique, CR 03-296-A, Plea Agreement, September 22, 2003.
19. Triple-Cross: Bin Laden’s Spy in America (National Geographic Video, 2007); USA v Omar Abdel Rahman, et al., S5 93 Cr. 181 (MBM), Testimony of Emad Salem, March 21, 1995.
Chapter 9. The Descent of Anwar Awlaki
1. William Branigin, “When Terror Hits Close to Home,” Washington Post, September 20, 2001.
2. Debbi Wilgoren and Ann O’Hanlon, “Worship and Worry: Fear for Other Muslims Mixes with Support for U.S.,” Washington Post, September 22, 2001.
3. Susan Morse, “First Source of Comfort; When Events Overwhelm, Clergy, Not Doctors, Are on the Front Lines, Washington Post, September 18, 2001.
4. Wilgoren and O’Hanlon, “Worship and Worry; Fear for Other Muslims Mixes with Support for U.S.”
5. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Anwar Nasser Aulaqi,” September 26, 2001.
6. 9/11 Commission Report, various dates. Binalshibh interacted primarily with the Hamburg cell members. He was aware of the other hijackers but dealt mainly with Atta.
7. FBI Letterhead Memorandum, “Anwar Nasser Aulaqi,” September 26, 2001.
8. Matthew Barakat, “FBI Tries to Track Northern Virginia Connection to Five Hijackers,” Associated Press, September 21, 2001.
9. Chitra Ragavan, “The Imam’s Very Curious Story,” US News and World Report, June 21, 2004; “Awlaki’s Sordid Personal Life,” Fox News video, May 22, 2010, retrieved August 25, 2010, http://video.foxnews.com/v/4208057/al-awlakis-sordid-personal-life/.
10. Ray Suarez, “Ray Suarez: My Post-9/11 Interview with Anwar Al Awlaki,” PBS Newshour, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/religion/july-dec09/alawlaki_11-11.html, with video from an Awlaki sermon given on October 30, 2001.