Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy

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Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy Page 55

by Douglas Smith


  Serov, Valentin, ref1, ref2

  Severyanin, Igor, ref1

  Shakhovskoy, Dmitry, ref1

  Shakhovskoy, Leonid, ref1, ref2

  Shakhovskoy, Vladimir, ref1, ref2

  Shalamov, Varlam, ref1, ref2

  Shcherbatov, Pavel, ref1

  Sheremetev, Alexander Dmitrievich, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Sheremetev, Alexandra (daughter of Alexander and Maria), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Anna (daughter of Sergei and Yekaterina Sheremetev), see Saburov, Anna

  Sheremetev, Boris (grandfather of Nikolai and great-great-grandfather of Sergei), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Boris (husband of Olga), ref1

  Sheremetev, Boris (son of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1

  Sheremetev, Boris (son of Sergei and Yekaterina), ref1, ref2, ref3; Russia left by, ref1

  Sheremetev, Cecilia, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Sheremetev, Daria (née Tatishchev), ref1

  Sheremetev, Dmitry (son of Alexander and Maria), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Dmitry (son of Nikolai and Praskovya), ref1

  Sheremetev, Dmitry (son of Sergei and Yekaterina), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; book of, ref1; in Caucasus, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; February Revolution and, ref1, ref2, ref3; leaves Russia for Europe, ref1, ref2, ref3; letters to mother, ref1

  Sheremetev, Fyodor, ref1

  Sheremetev, Georgy (son of Alexander and Maria), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Sheremetev, Irina (daughter of Dmitry and Irina), see Mengden, Irina

  Sheremetev, Irina (née Yusupov), ref1

  Sheremetev, Irina “Ira” (née Vorontsov-Dashkov), ref1, ref2, ref3; in Caucasus, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; February Revolution and, ref1, ref2; leaves Russia for Europe, ref1, ref2; World War I and, ref1

  Sheremetev, Maria (daughter of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Maria (daughter of Sergei and Yekaterina), see Gudovich, Maria Sheremetev

  Sheremetev, Maria Fyodorovna (née Geiden), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Natalya (daughter of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Sheremetev, Nikolai (grandfather of Count Sergei), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Nikolai (son of Dmitry and Irina), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Sheremetev, Nikolai (son of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; arrest of, ref1, ref2, ref3; death of, ref1, ref2; marriage of, ref1; passport incident, ref1; at Vakhtangov Theater, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; as violinist, ref1

  Sheremetev, Olga, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11; cultural work of, ref1; death of, ref1; Operation Former People and, ref1; party elite and, ref1

  Sheremetev, Pavel (son of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Pavel (son of Sergei and Yekaterina), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15, ref16, ref17, ref18, ref19; Beseda founded by, ref1; Bolshevik coup and, ref1, ref2; death of, ref1; decision to remain in Russia, ref1; declared outcast, ref1; employment of, ref1, ref2; imprisonment of, ref1, ref2; Irina Naryshkin and, ref1; love of Russian history and culture, ref1, ref2; marriage of, ref1; mental breakdown of, ref1, ref2, ref3; Mikhail Golitsyn and, ref1; in Moscow zemstvo, ref1; mother’s death and, ref1; as museum director, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; at Novodevichy Monastery, ref1; Operation Former People and, ; Ostafievo left by, ref1; and political struggles in Russia, ref1; Union of Russian Men cofounded by, ref1; World War II and, ref1

  Sheremetev, Praskovya (daughter of Dmitry and Irina), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Praskovya “Pashenka” (née Obolensky), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; death of, ref1; declared outcast, ref1; marriage of, ref1; at Novodevichy Monastery, ref1; Ostafievo left by, ref1

  Sheremetev, Pyotr (son of Pyotr and Yelena), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Pyotr (son of Sergei and Yekaterina), ref1, ref2, ref3; crypt of, ref1; death of, ref1; Union of Russian Men cofounded by, ref1

  Sheremetev, Sergei (son of Dmitry and Irina), ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev, Sergei (son of Sergei and Yekaterina), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Russia left by, ref1

  Sheremetev, Sergei Dmitrievich, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11; anti-Semitism of, ref1; at Ball of 1903, ref1; Bolshevik coup and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Boris Vyazemsky’s murder and, ref1; Cheka and, ref1; death of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; estates purchased by, ref1; February Revolution and, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; financial troubles of, ref1; in Holy Company, ref1; love of Russian history and culture, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Nicholas II as viewed by, ref1, ref2; Pavel’s mental breakdown and, ref1; Pavel’s politics and, ref1; resistance to leaving Moscow, ref1; resistance to leaving Russia, ref1, ref2; revolutionary violence and, ref1

  Sheremetev, Tatiana (daughter of Boris), ref1

  Sheremetev, Vasily (son of Dmitry and Irina), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Vasily “Vasilik” Dmitrievich (son of Pavel and Praskovya), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; name day of, ref1; stroke suffered by, ref1; in World War II, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Yekaterina Pavlovna (née Vyazemsky), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; arrests of Sheremetev men and, ref1, ref2; Bolshevik coup and, ref1; Boris Vyazemsky’s murder and, ref1; death of, ref1, ref2; Dmitry’s letters to, ref1; interests of, ref1; refusal to leave Russia, ref1; World War I and, ref1

  Sheremetev, Yekaterina Sergeevna, ref1

  Sheremetev, Yelena (daughter of Pyotr and Yelena), see Golitsyn, Yelena

  Sheremetev, Yelena “Lilya” (née Meiendorff), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11; death of, ref1

  Sheremetev, Yelizaveta (daughter of Alexander and Maria), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Sheremetev, Yelizaveta (daughter of Dmitry and Irina), see Vyazemsky, Yelizaveta Sheremetev “Lili”

  Sheremetev family, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; balls held by, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Bolshevik coup and, ref1; Cheka and, ref1, ref2, ref3; decisions to leave Russia, ref1, ref2; financial troubles of, ref1; graves of, ref1; imprisonment of men in, ref1, ref2; Petrograd left by, ref1; soldiers and, ref1, ref2

  Sheremetev family properties, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Corner House (Moscow), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; Fountain House (St. Petersburg), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; hospitals set up during World War I, ref1; income from, ref1; Kuskovo, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; Mikhailovskoe, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; Ostafievo, see Ostafievo; peasant uprisings at, ref1, ref2, ref3; Socialist Academy and, ref1, ref2; Voronovo, ref1, ref2, ref3; Vvedenskoe, ref1

  Sheremetev Passage, ref1

  Shingarev, Andrei, ref1

  Shipov, Dmitry, ref1

  Shkuro, Andrei, ref1, ref2

  show trials, ref1, ref2

  Shpalerka Prison, ref1, ref2

  Shpet, Gustav, ref1, ref2

  Shpitalnikov, David, ref1

  Shreider, Mikhail, ref1

  Shtegman, Nikolai, ref1

  Shuvalov, Betsy, ref1, ref2

  Shuvalov, Yelena, ref1

  Shuvalov family, ref1

  Siberia, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; boxcar living in, ref1, ref2; Czech Legion in, ref1; deportations to, ref1

  Sipyagin, Dmitry, ref1

  Sirk, Douglas, ref1

  Skachkov, Mikhail, ref1

  Skadovsky, Chamberlain, ref1

  Skariatina, Irina, ref1, ref2

  Slavophilism, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Smidovich, Pyotr, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  social classes: ambiguity of, ref1; biological notion of, ref1; bourgeoisie, see bourgeoisie, burzhui; bureaucrats and experts and, ref1; discrimination based on, ref1; former people, see former people; harmful elements, ref1; kulaks, ref1, ref2; new, ref1nvention of, ref1; nobility, see nobility; outcasts, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5,
ref6; peasants, see peasants; proletariat, ref1; in Soviet Union, ref1; upward mobility and, ref1; workers, see workers

  Socialist Academy, ref1, ref2

  Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  socially dangerous elements (SDE), ref1

  Society for Friends of the Book, ref1

  Society for the Aid of Freed Political Prisoners, ref1

  Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiles, ref1

  Sollohub, Edith, ref1

  Solovetsky Islands (Solovki), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, ref1, ref2

  Sophia Alekseyevna, ref1

  Sorokin, Ivan, ref1

  Southern Word, ref1

  Soviet Constitution, ref1

  Soviet of People’s Commissars, ref1

  Soviets of Workers’ Deputies, ref1

  Soviet Union: Central Executive Committee of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7; cities in, ref1, ref2; class and identity in, ref1; collectivization of agriculture in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; Constitution of, ref1; creation myth of, ref1; First Five-Year Plan in, ref1, ref2, ref3; food supplies in, ref1; Great Break in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; Great Terror in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; industry in, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; intelligence operations in, ref1; party elite in, ref1; passports in, ref1; Stalin Constitution in, ref1; Supreme Soviet of, ref1; trade in, ref1

  Soviet Academy of Sciences, ref1

  Soviet Writers’ Union, ref1

  Sovnarkóm (Council of People’s Commissars), ref1, ref2n, ref3, ref4, ref5n, ref6

  Spanish influenza, ref1

  spa towns, ref1

  Speak, Memory (Nabokov), ref1

  Special Commission of Inquiry into the Crimes of the Bolsheviks, ref1

  Speech, ref1

  Speedy, ref1

  Spinoza, Baruch, ref1

  Spizharny, Vanka, ref1

  Stalin, Joseph, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10, ref11, ref12, ref13, ref14, ref15; Alexandra Tolstoy and, ref1; death of, ref1; Dmitlag and, ref1; Great Break of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; Great Terror of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8; houses of, ref1; Kirov murder and, ref1; rivals of, ref1

  Stalin Constitution, ref1

  Stalin Moscow-Volga Canal, ref1

  State and Revolution, The (Lenin), ref1

  State Bank, ref1, ref2

  State Literary Museum, ref1

  Stolypin, Pyotr, ref1, ref2, ref3

  sugar, ref1

  Sukhodol (The Dry Valley) (Bunin), ref1

  Surgut, ref1

  Sverdlovsk, ref1

  Sviyazhsk, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Syndicate, ref1 syphilis, ref1

  Tactical Center, ref1

  Taldom, ref1

  Talitsky, Ivan, ref1

  Tambov, ref1

  Tatishchev, Alexei, ref1, ref2

  Tatishchev, Boris, ref1

  Tatishchev, Daria, ref1

  Tatishchev, Ilya, ref1

  Tatishchev, Irina, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Tatishchev, Nikita, ref1

  Tbilisi, ref1

  Temporary Regulations, ref1, ref2

  thievery, ref1

  Tobolsk, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Tolstoy, Alexandra, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Tolstoy, Alexei, ref1, ref2

  Tolstoy, Dmitry, ref1

  Tolstoy, Leo, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Tolstoy family, ref1

  Tomsk, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Torgsin, ref1, ref2

  Transcaucasus, ref1

  Trans-Siberian Railway, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, ref1

  Troitsk, ref1

  Trotsky, Leon, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9, ref10; rumors about, ref1; Stalin’s rivalry with, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Alexander, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Alexandra “Tatya,” ref1, ref2, ref3; death of, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Andrei (husband of Yelena and son of Vladimir and Yelizaveta), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Trubetskoy, Georgy, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Trubetskoy, Grigory “Grisha,” ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  Trubetskoy, Irina, ref1, ref2

  Trubetskoy, Maria, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Nikolai, ref1, ref2

  Trubetskoy, Nikolay, ref1, ref2

  Trubetskoy, Olga, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Sergei, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Sergei Nikolaevich, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Sergei Yevgenevich, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Trubetskoy, Tatiana, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Varvara “Varya,” ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Trubetskoy, Vladimir Sergeevich, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; in Andijan, ref1, ref2; arrests and imprisonments of, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; Brusilov and, ref1; death of, ref1; death of daughter, ref1; declared outcast, ref1; marriage to Yelizaveta, ref1; as pianist and composer, ref1; in World War I, ref1; writings of, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Vladimir Vladimirovich, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Vladimir “Volodya” (son of Vladimir and Yelizaveta), ref1

  Trubetskoy, Yelena (daughter of Vladimir and Yelena Golitsyn), ref1, ref2, ref3

  Trubetskoy, Yelizaveta Golitsyn “Eli,” ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; in Andijan, ref1; arrest of, ref1; death of, ref1, ref2; declared outcast, ref1; Great Terror and, ref1, ref2; marriage of, ref1

  Trubetskoy, Yevgeny, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Trubetskoy family, ref1, ref2

  Trupp, Alexei, ref1

  Tsaritsyno, ref1

  TsEKUBU (Central Commission for the Improvement of Scholars’ Life), ref1n, ref2

  Tukhachevsky, Mikhail, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Turgenev family, ref1

  Turkestanov, Varenka, ref1

  Twelve Chairs, The (Ilf and Petrov), ref1

  typhus, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Tyumen, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Tyutchev, Fyodor, ref1

  Ukhtpechlag, ref1

  Ukraine, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Ungern-Sternberg, Baron, ref1

  Union for the Defense of the Motherland and Freedom, ref1

  Union of Militant Atheists, ref1

  Union of Russian Men, ref1

  Union of Unions of Government Employees, ref1

  United Nobility, ref1, ref2

  United States, ref1, ref2, ref3; culture of, ref1, ref2; famine relief program of, ref1

  Uritsky, Moisei, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Urusov, Andrei, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Kirill, ref1

  Urusov, Natalya, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Nikolai, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Olga (daughter of Vladimir and Tatiana Golitsyn), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4; Great Terror and, ref1; murder of, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Pyotr, ref1; arrest of, ref1; Great Terror and, ref1; murder of, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Sergei, ref1, ref2

  Urusov, Vera, ref1, ref2

  Uspensky, Dmitry, ref1

  Uvarov family, ref1

  Uzbekistan, ref1

  Vadbolsky, Avenir, ref1

  Vakhtangov, Yevgeny, ref1

  Vakhtangov Theater, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Vasilchikov, Lydia, ref1

  Vasilevna, Sofia, ref1

  Vasily III, ref1

  Veselovsky, Maria “Masha” (daughter of Mikhail and Anna Golitsyn), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7, ref8, ref9; arrest of, ref1

  Veselovsky, Vsevolod, ref1

  VGLK (Higher State Literary Courses), ref1

  Vladikavkaz, ref1

  Vladimir, ref1, ref2

  Vladivostok, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Vlasov, Andrei, ref1

  Volkonsky, B. D., ref1

  Volkonsky, Princess, ref1

  Volkonsky, Sergei, ref1

  Volkonsky family, ref1

  Von Carlow, Katia, ref1

  Von Meck, Galina, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Von Meck, Lucy, ref1


  Von Meck, Nicholas, ref1

  Von Stein, Baroness, ref1

  Voronovo, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Vorontsov, Semyon, ref1

  Vorontsov-Dashkov, Illarion, ref1, ref2

  Vorontsov family, ref1, ref2

  Vrubel, Mikhail, ref1

  Vvedenskoe, ref1

  Vyazemsky, Boris, ref1, ref2; murder of, ref1

  Vyazemsky, Dmitry, ref1, ref2

  Vyazemsky, Maria, ref1

  Vyazemsky, Pyotr, ref1, ref2

  Vyazemsky, Yelizaveta Sheremetev “Lili,” ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6; Boris’s murder and, ref1; February Revolution and, ref1

  Weyler y Nicolau, Valeriano, ref1

  Wilson, Woodrow, ref1, ref2

  wine, ref1

  Winter in Moscow (Muggeridge), ref1

  Winter Palace, ref1, ref2; Bolshevik coup and, ref1, ref2; demonstration at, ref1; Ball of 1903 at, ref1

  Witte, Sergei, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Witter, Reginald, ref1, ref2

  Witter, Sofia “Sonya” (née Bobrinsky), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; marriage of, ref1

  women, “socialization” of, ref1, ref2

  Woolf, Virginia, ref1

  workers, ref1, ref2, ref3; arrests of, ref1; protests by, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Workers’ Newspaper, ref1

  Working Moscow, ref1

  World War I, ref1, ref2, ref3; hospitals and, ref1; nobles’ investments and, ref1, ref2; outbreak of, ref1

  World War II, ref1, ref2

  Wrangel, Nikolai, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Wrangel, Peter, ref1, ref2

  Xenia, Grand Duchess, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6, ref7

  Yagoda, Genrikh, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5; arrest of, ref1; Operation Former People and, ref1

  Yakovlev, Comrade, ref1

  Yakushev, Leonid, ref1

  Yalta, ref1, ref2

  Yasnaya Polyana, ref1

  Yasnaya Polyana Society, ref1

  Yekaterinburg, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  Yekaterinodar, ref1, ref2

  Yelagin, Yuri, ref1

  Yembaevo, ref1

  Yenukidze, Abel, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Yessentuki, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Yezhov, Nikolai, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4

  Young Russia, ref1

  Yudenich, Nikolai, ref1, ref2

  Yurovsky, Yakov, ref1

  Yusupov, Felix, ref1, ref2, ref3

  Yusupov, Irina, ref1

  Yusupov, Zenaida, ref1, ref2

  Zagorsk (Sergiev Posad), ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5

  zemstvos, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5, ref6

  Zernov, Dr., ref1

 

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