Zhukovsky, Kira, ref1
Zhukovsky, Vasily, ref1
Zinoviev, Grigory, ref1, ref2, ref3, ref4, ref5
Zubalovo, ref1
Zubov, Nikolai, ref1
Zubov, Valentin, ref1
Zvenigorod, ref1
List of Illustrations
1. Count Sergei Sheremetev and his younger half brother, Count Alexander, from the 1870s. The uniform notwithstanding, Sergei’s interests ran toward Russian history and culture, while Alexander’s passions were music and firefighting. (Author’s collection)
2. The family of Count Sergei and Countess Yekaterina Sheremetev, the Fountain House, St. Petersburg, early 1880s. Front row, left to right: Pavel, Boris, Countess Yekaterina, Maria, a governess, Sergei. Back row, left to right: Dmitry, Count Sergei, Anna Sheremetev (Count Sergei’s cousin), Pyotr, Anna. (Author’s collection)
3. Alexander Saburov, his wife, Anna, and their children Boris and Xenia, ca. 1900. Musical, deeply religious, and possessed of the kind of beauty that, according to one contemporary, moved men to spill blood and compose love songs, Anna was to know terrible loss: her husband was executed and her two sons perished in the gulag. (Author’s collection)
4. The younger of the two Sheremetev girls, Maria was her father’s favorite. She is shown here in 1899, a year before her marriage to Count Alexander Gudovich. (Author’s collection)
5. Count Pavel Sheremetev in seventeenth-century dress for the Ball of 1903. Historian, artist, and conflicted monarchist, Pavel was his father’s spiritual heir and the only son to remain in Russia. (Author’s collection)
6. The Sheremetevs at Mikhailovskoe, June 7, 1915
Seated on the grass, left to right: Yelena Sheremetev (second from left), Andrei Gudovich (fourth from left), Merinka Gudovich (fourth from right), Dmitry Gudovich (reclining), Nikolai Sheremetev (far right). Seated, second row, left to right: Dmitry Sheremetev (in uniform), Maria Gudovich, Lilya Sheremetev (fifth from left), Yekaterina Sheremetev, Baron de Baye, Lili Vyazemsky (far right). Standing, back row, left to right: Varvara Gudovich, Boris Vyazemsky (in hat and tie), Sergei Sheremetev (in gray suit with beard). The back row includes a number of the children’s tutors and governesses, their music teacher, and the family priest. (Author’s collection)
7. The Corner House—“the Sheremetevs’ refuge”—in Moscow, early twentieth century. (Author’s collection)
8. Princess Yekaterina Dmitrievna Golitsyn, the daughter of Prince Dmitry Golitsyn, imperial master of the hunt, in the mid-1890s. In 1910, while a maid of honor to the imperial court, she married Count Alexander Sheremetev’s son Georgy. Separated from each other during much of the civil war, they escaped southern Russia for Europe with their two young children and lived out their lives in exile. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts)
9. Newlyweds Prince Vladimir Golitsyn and Sofia Delianov, 1871. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts)
10. Student days: the mayor’s three youngest sons, ca. 1900. Seated: Alexander Golitsyn (second from right) and Nikolai Golitsyn (far right). Standing: Count Mikhail Tolstoy, son of Leo Tolstoy (with guitar); Vladimir Vladimirovich Golitsyn (far right). (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
11. The mayor’s eldest son, Prince Mikhail Golitsyn, and his wife, Anna Lopukhin, from the time of their wedding, 1899. (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
12. Princess Yelizaveta “Eli” Golitsyn in fancy dress a few years before her marriage to Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
13. Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy, aged eight, on his way to a masquerade ball, 1900. Born into a family of scholars, Vladimir was drawn to music and the arts as a boy before going on to a military career. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
14. A noble picnic, July 27, 1908. Home to the Lopukhins and later the Trubetskoys, the Menshovo estate, south of Moscow, was a popular gathering place for both families and their friends. Among the party are Anna Lopukhin’s brothers Alexei and Pyotr Lopukhin (reclining behind samovar and standing, right, with teacup), Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy (extreme right), his sister Maria (“Manya,” in the white hat), and his brother Nikolai (standing behind Alexei). A servant hovers in the background. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
15. Tennis, August 23, 1909. Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy and his future bride, Princess Eli Golitsyn (first and third from left), with Vladimir’s siblings. At far right stands twenty-year-old Valerian Yershov from the neighboring estate of Vorobyevo. He joined the White Army during the civil war and died of typhus in 1919. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
16. The family of the Menshovo estate manager Shutov, 1908. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
17. The coachman Yegor, his family, and Lukerya, the laundress (far left), Menshovo, September 1908. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
18. Peddlers, Menshovo, May 1890. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
19. Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy (far right) in camp with his fellow officers of the Blue Cuirassiers during maneuvers in 1912, the year of his wedding to Eli. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
20. An advocate of reform and a harsh critic of the tsarist state, Prince Vladimir Golitsyn was forced out of his position as governor of Moscow in 1891. He later returned to political life, serving several terms as the city’s mayor and earning praise as “the bright Champion of honor and truth” for his liberal agenda and urban improvements. (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
21. Countess Catherine “Katia” von Carlow (second from left), dancing with friends in the family palace on the Fontanka River in St. Petersburg. The daughter of Duke George of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, she married Prince Vladimir Emanuelovich Golitsyn in 1913. (Courtesy of George Galitzine)
22. Drawn from the highest ranks of the nobility, the officers of the Imperial Chevaliers Gardes Regiment gather around Emperor Nicholas II and the tsarevich Alexei. Among the officers is Prince Vladimir Emanuelovich Golitsyn (to right of Alexei, gazing at him), aide-de-camp to Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich and the husband of Countess Katia von Carlow. (Courtesy of George Galitzine)
23. Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich, grandson of Tsar Nicholas I and commander in chief of Russian forces in the Caucasus from 1915, and Prince Vladimir Emanuelovich Golitsyn (fifth from left, with goggles, staring at the camera). Prince Vladimir took part in the Russian victory at Erzurum in February 1916 and was sent by the grand duke to report the news to the emperor at Tsarskoe Selo. (Courtesy of George Galitzine)
24. A crowd gathers in the streets to watch the burning of the imperial coat of arms in the early days of the revolution. (Photograph © CORBIS Images)
25. Members of the former elite forced to clean snow and ice from the sidewalks of Petrograd under the watch of a Soviet official. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Documentary Films and Photographs)
26. Burzhui made to shovel snow while guarded by Red Army soldiers in Petrograd, ca. 1918. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Documentary Films and Photographs)
27. A former tsarist officer selling matches on the streets of Petrograd, ca. 1918. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Documentary Films and Photographs)
28. Princess Katia Golitsyn with her sons George (left) and Nikolai during the civil war in the northern Caucasus. A Red Army soldier was so taken by George’s beautiful blue eyes that he gave him a fifteen-kopeck piece and called off the search of the family home. A grateful Katia spent the money on a church candle and prayed for the man’s safety. (Courtesy of George Galitzine)
29. The British battleship HMS Marlborough anchored off the Crimean coast waiting to take Dowager Empress Maria Fyodorovna and seventeen members of the imperial family into exile, April 1919. Among those present to see them off were Prince Vladimir Emanuelovich Golitsyn and his wife, Katia. Playmate of the tsarevich Alexei, Princess Sophy Dolgoruky, in hat and braids, stands staring at the camera on the right. (Courtesy of George Galitzine)
30. Golden wedding anniversary of Vladimir and Sofia Golitsyn, Bogoroditsk, spring 1921. Of the tw
enty-two pictured here, thirteen were to be arrested by the Soviet government, five died or were shot in prison, and five left the country.
31. The wedding reception of Varvara Gudovich and Vladimir Obolensky, Ostafievo, August 7, 1921. Among the guests at the reception table are the groom and bride (seated middle left), flanked by Maria Obolensky (Vladimir’s mother) and Pavel Sheremetev. Across from them are Yekaterina Sheremetev (peering out at the camera) and Boris Saburov (extreme right with cigarette, gazing downward). Standing (in back from left) are Dmitry Gudovich, Nikolai Sheremetev, and Yuri Saburov (partially obscured). Yelena Sheremetev stands in white at the far end of the table, just to the right of the centerpiece. (Author’s collection)
32. The wedding party on the front steps at Ostafievo. The bride and groom are flanked by Maria Gudovich and Pavel Sheremetev. Bottom row, left to right: Yevgeny Lvov, Dmitry Gudovich, Boris Saburov (smoking, legs crossed), Nikolai Sheremetev (in bow tie with head turned). Middle row, left to right: Yuri Saburov (smoking, in white), Pyotr Sheremetev (in sailor suit), Lilya Sheremetev (behind him, in white), Praskovya Obolensky (future wife of Pavel Sheremetev, next to Pyotr in large hat with black bow). (Author’s collection)
33. A photograph of Vladimir Golitsyn and Yelena Sheremetev taken around the time of their wedding in 1923. “It’s as if we were born for one another!” Vladimir said of Yelena the previous year. “There’s no way I cannot love her!” (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
34. Vladimir Trubetskoy and the writer Mikhail Prishvin hunting near Sergiev Posad, 1920s. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
35. Vladimir and Yelena Golitsyn with Yelena’s mother, Lilya, and three of her siblings (Maria, Natalya, and Pavel) shortly before they left Russia in 1924. (Courtesy of Andrei Golitsyn)
36. Vasily, Pavel, and Praskovya Sheremetev at the Novodevichy Monastery, ca. 1930. (Author’s collection)
37. Pavel Sheremetev in the Naprudny Tower alongside a photograph of his late mother and surrounded by the remains of the family archive and library that he fought to preserve. (Author’s collection)
38. Vasily Sheremetev in the Naprudny Tower, 1936. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Literature and Art)
39. The Sheremetevs and Obolenskys at the Naprudny Tower to celebrate Vasily’s name day, January 14, 1937. Seated, left to right: Yelizaveta Obolensky, Nikolai Obolensky, Vladimir Obolensky, Andrei Obolensky, Pavel Sheremetev. Standing, left to right: Varvara Obolensky (b. Gudovich), Olga Prutchenko, Maria Gudovich (b. Sheremetev), Yevfimiya Obolensky, Vasily Sheremetev, Praskovya Sheremetev. Shortly after this photograph was taken, Varvara and Vladimir Obolensky were arrested and never seen again. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Literature and Art)
40. Vladimir and Yelena Golitsyn with their children—Illarion, Mikhail, and Yelena—in Dmitrov, ca. 1930. (Courtesy of Andrei Golitsyn)
41. The mayor and his granddaughter Irina Trubetskoy, late 1920s. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
42. Maria Golitsyn, her mother, Anna, and her grandfather Vladimir Golitsyn (the mayor) in Dmitrov shortly before his death. (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
43. Count Naryshkin shown sucking up to Emperor Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra. The caption reads: “FROM THE BIOGRAPHY OF A GOLD CHASER IN HIDING . . . AND NOW UNDER THE SOVIET REGIME—WITHOUT ANY REGULAR OCCUPATION.” (Leningradskaia Pravda, March 24, 1935)
44. Another cartoon from Leningradskaia Pravda during the Operation Former People campaign of 1935. Published together with a collection of articles under the headline WE WILL CLEAN THE CITY OF LENIN OF THE TSARS’ REMAINING MEN AND THE LANDOWNING AND CAPITALIST RABBLE, THE CAPTION READS: “CLEANING UP THE CITY.” (Leningradskaia Pravda, March 22, 1935)
45. The nobleman as dirty layabout. The caption is a play on words that means both “on noble mattresses” and “on noble layabouts.” Quoting Mikhail Kalinin’s “Report on Communist Education” and Ivan Goncharov’s classic novel Oblomov, the cartoon suggests that despite their books and learning, former nobles are indolent, uncultured, and filthy, perfectly content to live in apartments swarming with bedbugs and too foul even for cats. (Komsomolskaia Pravda, November 2, 1940)
46. Xenia, aged thirty-five. (Author’s collection)
47. Boris, aged thirty-eight. (Author’s collection)
48. Yuri, aged thirty-one. (Author’s collection)
49. The actor Alexander Golitsyn was arrested in Tomsk during the Great Terror and shot on July 11, 1938. The charges against him included portraying Soviet heroes onstage in a “perverse light.” (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
50. Alexander’s sister Olga was arrested in Tomsk on New Year’s Eve, 1937, a week after her husband, Pyotr Urusov. Charged with spreading “defeatist” and monarchist propaganda, she was shot on March 5, 1938. She was twenty-six. (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
51. The final prison photograph of Vladimir Trubetskoy. He was shot on October 30, 1937, the same day as his daughter Varvara. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
52. Of all the Trubetskoy children, Varvara (“Varya”) made the greatest effort to fit into the Soviet system. Regardless, she was arrested in July 1937 and charged with having taken part in the plot to kill the Leningrad boss Sergei Kirov. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
53. The final photograph of Varya Trubetskoy. It was more than half a century until the surviving family members learned that she and her father had been shot in the autumn of 1937. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
54. Arrested around the same time as her father, her sister Varya, and her brother Grigory, Alexandra “Tatya” Trubetskoy was charged with plotting to kill Stalin and sentenced to ten years in the gulag. The harsh regimen destroyed her health, and she died in 1943 at the age of twenty-four. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
55. The final photographs of Eli Trubetskoy, taken shortly before her death from typhus in Moscow’s Butyrki prison on February 7, 1943. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
BEFORE THE REVOLUTION
1. Count Sergei Sheremetev and his younger half brother, Count Alexander, from the 1870s. The uniform notwithstanding, Sergei’s interests ran toward Russian history and culture, while Alexander’s passions were music and firefighting. (Author’s collection)
2. The family of Count Sergei and Countess Yekaterina Sheremetev, the Fountain House, St. Petersburg, early 1880s. Front row, left to right: Pavel, Boris, Countess Yekaterina, Maria, a governess, Sergei. Back row, left to right: Dmitry, Count Sergei, Anna Sheremetev (Count Sergei’s cousin), Pyotr, Anna. (Author’s collection)
3. Alexander Saburov, his wife, Anna, and their children Boris and Xenia, ca. 1900. Musical, deeply religious, and possessed of the kind of beauty that, according to one contemporary, moved men to spill blood and compose love songs, Anna was to know terrible loss: her husband was executed and her two sons perished in the gulag. (Author’s collection)
4. The younger of the two Sheremetev girls, Maria was her father’s favorite. She is shown here in 1899, a year before her marriage to Count Alexander Gudovich. (Author’s collection)
5. Count Pavel Sheremetev in seventeenth-century dress for the Ball of 1903. Historian, artist, and conflicted monarchist, Pavel was his father’s spiritual heir and the only son to remain in Russia. (Author’s collection)
6. The Sheremetevs at Mikhailovskoe, June 7, 1915
Seated on the grass, left to right: Yelena Sheremetev (second from left), Andrei Gudovich (fourth from left), Merinka Gudovich (fourth from right), Dmitry Gudovich (reclining), Nikolai Sheremetev (far right). Seated, second row, left to right: Dmitry Sheremetev (in uniform), Maria Gudovich, Lilya Sheremetev (fifth from left), Yekaterina Sheremetev, Baron de Baye, Lili Vyazemsky (far right). Standing, back row, left to right: Varvara Gudovich, Boris Vyazemsky (in hat and tie), Sergei Sheremetev (in gray suit with beard). The back row includes a number of the children’s tutors and governesses, their music teacher, and the family priest. (Author’s collection)
7. The Corner House—“the Sheremetevs’ refuge”—in
Moscow, early twentieth century. (Author’s collection)
8. Princess Yekaterina Dmitrievna Golitsyn, the daughter of Prince Dmitry Golitsyn, imperial master of the hunt, in the mid-1890s. In 1910, while a maid of honor to the imperial court, she married Count Alexander Sheremetev’s son Georgy. Separated from each other during much of the civil war, they escaped southern Russia for Europe with their two young children and lived out their lives in exile. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts)
9. Newlyweds Prince Vladimir Golitsyn and Sofia Delianov, 1871. (Courtesy of Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts)
10. Student days: the mayor’s three youngest sons, ca. 1900. Seated: Alexander Golitsyn (second from right) and Nikolai Golitsyn (far right). Standing: Count Mikhail Tolstoy, son of Leo Tolstoy (with guitar); Vladimir Vladimirovich Golitsyn (far right). (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
11. The mayor’s eldest son, Prince Mikhail Golitsyn, and his wife, Anna Lopukhin, from the time of their wedding, 1899. (Courtesy of Alexandre Galitzine)
12. Princess Yelizaveta “Eli” Golitsyn in fancy dress a few years before her marriage to Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
13. Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy, aged eight, on his way to a masquerade ball, 1900. Born into a family of scholars, Vladimir was drawn to music and the arts as a boy before going on to a military career. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
MASTERS AND SERVANTS: SCENES FROM MENSHOVO
14. A noble picnic, July 27, 1908. Home to the Lopukhins and later the Trubetskoys, the Menshovo estate, south of Moscow, was a popular gathering place for both families and their friends. Among the party are Anna Lopukhin’s brothers Alexei and Pyotr Lopukhin (reclining behind samovar and standing, right, with teacup), Prince Vladimir Trubetskoy (extreme right), his sister Maria (“Manya,” in the white hat), and his brother Nikolai (standing behind Alexei). A servant hovers in the background. (Courtesy of Mikhail Trubetskoy)
Former People: The Final Days of the Russian Aristocracy Page 56
