Colonial America

by Richard Middleton, Anne Lombard

  Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, 1998).

  Stephan Palmié, Slave Cultures and the Cultures of Slavery (Knoxville, 1995).

  John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680 (New York, 1992; 2nd edn, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800, 1998).

  James Walvin, Black Ivory: A History of British Slavery (New York, 1992).

  Betty Wood, The Origins of American Slavery: Freedom and Bondage in the English Colonies (New York, 1997).

  Peter H. Wood, “ ‘I Did the Best I Could for My Day': The Study of Early Black History during the Second Reconstruction, 1960–1976,” William and Mary Quarterly, 35 (1978), 185–225.

  Donald R?. Wright, African Americans in the Colonial Era: From African Origins through the American Revolution (Arlington Heights, 1990).

  The Slave Trade and African Background

  Philip D. Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census (Madison, Wis., 1969).

  K?. G. Davies, The Royal African Company (London, 1957).

  David Eltis and David Richardson, Routes to Slavery: Direction, Ethnicity, and Mortality in the Transatlantic Slave Trade (London, 1997).

  J. C. Fage, “ Slaves and Society in Western Africa, c.1440–c.1700,” Journal of African History, 21 (1981), 289–310.

  Linda Heywood, ed., Central Africans: Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora (New York, 2002).

  Herbert S. Klein, The Middle Passage: Comparative Studies in the Atlantic Slave Trade (Princeton, 1978).

  Herbert Klein, “ Slaves and Shipping in Eighteenth-Century Virginia”, Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 5 (1975), 383–412.

  Robin Law, “ Ethnicity and the Slave Trade: ‘Lucumi' and ‘Nago' as Ethnonyms in West Africa,” History in Africa, 24 (1997), 205–19.

  Daniel C. Littlefield, Rice and Slaves: Ethnicity and the Slave Trade in Colonial South Carolina (Baton Rouge, 1981).

  Paul E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery: A History of Slavery in Africa (Cambridge, 1983).

  Paul E. Lovejoy, “ The Volume of the Atlantic Slave Trade: A Synthesis,” Journal of African History, 23 (1982), 483–7.

  Patrick Manning, Slavery and African Life: Occidental, Oriental, and African Slave Trades (New York, 1990).

  G. Ugo Nwokeji, “ African Conceptions of Gender and the Slave Traffic,” William and Mary Quarterly, 58 (2001), 47–67.

  James A. Rawley, The Transatlantic Slave Trade: A History (New York, 1981).

  Marcus Rediker, The Slave Ship: A Human History, 3rd edn (New York, 2007).

  Stephanie Smallwood, Saltwater Slavery: A Middle Passage from Africa to American Diaspora (Cambridge, Mass., 2007).

  Barbara L. Solow, Slavery and the Rise of the Atlantic System (Cambridge, 1991).

  Hugh Thomas, The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1440–1870 (New York, 1997).

  U. B. Thompson, The Making of the African Diaspora in the Americas, 1441–1900 (London, 1988).

  John Thornton, “ The African Experience of the ‘20 and Odd Negroes' Arriving in Virginia in 1619,” William and Mary Quarterly, 55 (1998), 421–34.

  Susan Westbury, “ Slaves of Colonial Virginia: Where They Came From,” William and Mary Quarterly, 42 (1985), 228–37.

  African American Women, Family, Work, and Culture in the British North American Colonies

  Ira Berlin, “ Time, Space, and the Evolution of Afro-American Society on British Mainland North America,” American Historical Review, 85 (1980), 44–78.

  Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan, eds, Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas (Charlottesville, 1993).

  David Cecelski, The Waterman's Song: Slavery and Freedom in Maritime North Carolina (Chapel Hill, 2001).

  Margaret Washington Creel, “A Peculiar People”: Slave Religion and Community-Culture among the Gullahs (New York, 1988).

  Sylviane Diouf, Servants of Allah: African Muslims Enslaved in the Americas (New York, 1998).

  Dena J. Epstein, Sinful Tunes and Spirituals: Black Folk Music to the Civil War (Urbana, 1977).

  Leland Ferguson, Uncommon Ground: Archaeology and Early African America, 1650–1800 (Washington, DC, 1992).

  Sylvia Frey and Betty Wood, Come Shouting to Zion: African American Protestantism in the American South and British Caribbean to 1830 (Chapel Hill, 1998).

  Michael A. Gomez, Exchanging our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South (Chapel Hill, 1998).

  Michael A. Gomez, “ Muslims in Early America,” Journal of Southern History, 60 (1994), 671–710.

  Lorenzo J. Greene, The Negro in Colonial New England, 1620–1776 (New York, 1942).

  Joan Gunderson, “ The Double Bonds of Race and Sex: Black and White Women in a Colonial Virginia Parish,” Journal of Southern History, 52 (1986), 351–72.

  Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1750–1925 (New York, 1976).

  Gwendolyn Midlo Hall, Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links (Chapel Hill, 2005).

  Jacqueline Jones, Race, Sex, and Self-Evident Truths: The Status of Slave Women during the Era of the American Revolution, in Ronald Hoffman and Peter J. Albert, eds, Women in the Age of the American Revolution (Charlottesville, 1989), 293–337.

  Allan Kulikoff, The Beginnings of the Afro-American Family in Maryland, in Aubrey C. Land, Lois Green Carr, and Edward C. Papenfuse, eds, Law, Society, and Politics in Early Maryland (Baltimore, 1977).

  Allan Kulikoff, “ The Origins of Afro-American Society in Tidewater Maryland and Virginia, 1700–1790,” William and Mary Quarterly, 35 (1978), 226–50.

  Allan Kulikoff, “ ‘A Prolifick People': Black Population Growth in the Chesapeake Colonies, 1700–1790,” Southern Studies, 16 (1977), 391–428.

  Allan Kulikoff, Tobacco and Slaves: The Development of Southern Cultures in the Chesapeake, 1680–1800 (Chapel Hill, 1986).

  Jean Butenhoff Lee, “ The Problem of Slave Community in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake,” William and Mary Quarterly, 43 (1986), 333–61.

  Russell R. Menard, “ The Maryland Slave Population, 1658 to 1730: A Demographic Profile of Blacks in Four Counties,” William and Mary Quarterly, 32 (1975), 29–54.

  Jennifer Morgan, Laboring Women: Reproduction and Gender in New World Slavery (Philadelphia, 2004).

  Philip D. Morgan, Slave Counterpoint: Black Culture in the Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake and Lowcountry (Chapel Hill, 1998).

  Philip D. Morgan, Slave Life in Piedmont Virginia, 1720–1800, in Lois Green Carr, Philip D. Morgan, and Jean Russo, eds, Colonial Chesapeake Society (Chapel Hill, 1989), 433–84.

  Philip D. Morgan, “ Work and Culture: The Task System and the World of Lowcountry Blacks, 1700–1800,” William and Mary Quarterly, 39 (1982), 563–99.

  Philip D. Morgan and Michael L. Nicholls, “ Slaves in Piedmont Virginia, 1720–1790,” William and Mary Quarterly, 46 (1989), 211–51.

  Patricia Morton, ed., Discovering the Women in Slavery (Athens, Ga., 1995).

  Michael Mullin, Africa in America: Slave Acculturation and Resistance in the American South and the British Caribbean, 1736–1831 (Urbana, 1992).

  Patricia Samford, “ The Archaeology of African-American Slavery and Material Culture,” William and Mary Quarterly, 53 (1996), 87–114.

  Erik R. Seeman, “ ‘Justice Must Take Plase': Three African Americans Speak of Religion in Eighteenth-Century New England,” William and Mary Quarterly, 56 (1999), 393–414.

  John F. Sensbach, A Separate Canaan: The Making of an Afro-Moravian World in North Carolina, 1763–1840 (Chapel Hill, 1997).

  James Sidbury, Becoming African in America: Race and Nation in the Early Black Atlantic (New York, 2007).

  Mechal Sobel, Trabelin' On: The Slave Journey to an Afro-Baptist Faith (Princeton, 1979).

  Mechal Sobel, The World They Made Togeth
er: Black and White Values in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (Princeton, 1987).

  John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800, 2nd edn (Cambridge, 1998).

  Lorena S. Walsh, From Calabar to Carter's Grove: The History of a Virginia Slave Community (Charlottesville, 1997).

  Lorena S. Walsh, Slave Life, Slave Society, and Tobacco Production in the Tidewater Chesapeake, 1620–1820”, in Ira Berlin and Philip D. Morgan, eds, Cultivation and Culture: Labor and the Shaping of Slave Life in the Americas (Charlottesville, 1993).

  Betty Wood, Slavery in Colonial Georgia, 1730–1775 (Athens, Ga., 1984).

  Peter H. Wood, Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion (New York, 1974).

  Anne Elizabeth Yentsch, A Chesapeake Family and Their Slaves (Cambridge, 1994).

  Status, Power, and Resistance in British North America

  Thomas J. Davis, A Rumour of Revolt: The “Great Negro Plot” in Colonial New York (New York, 1985).

  Sylvia Frey, Like Water from the Rock: Black Resistance in a Revolutionary Age (Princeton, 1991).

  A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., In the Matter of Color: Race and the American Legal Process in the Colonial Period (New York, 1978).

  Graham Russell Hodges, Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East New Jersey, 1613–1863 (Chapel Hill, 1999).

  Graham Russell Hodges, Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665–1865 (Madison, Wis., 1997).

  Peter Hoffer, The Great New York Conspiracy of 1741: Slavery, Crime, and Colonial Law (Lawrence, 2003).

  Marvin L. Michael Kay and Lorin Lee Cary, Slavery in North Carolina, 1748–1775 (Chapel Hill, 1995).

  Jill Lepore, New York Burning: Liberty, Slavery, and Conspiracy in Eighteenth-Century Manhattan (New York, 2005).

  Edward J. McManus, Black Bondage in the North (Syracuse, 1973).

  Kenneth P. Minkema, “ Jonathan Edwards on Slavery and the Slave Trade,” William and Mary Quarterly, 54 (1997), 823–34.

  Edmund S. Morgan, American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (New York, 1975).

  Gerald W. Mullin, Flight and Rebellion: Slave Resistance in Eighteenth-Century Virginia (New York, 1972).

  Robert Olwell, Masters, Slaves, and Subjects: The Culture of Power in the South Carolina Low Country, 1740–1790 (Ithaca, 1998).

  Philip J. Schwartz, Twice Condemned: Slaves and the Criminal Laws of Virginia, 1705–1865 (Baton Rouge, 1988).

  Jean R. Soderland, Quakers and Slavery: A Divided Spirit (Princeton, 1985).

  John Thornton, “ The African Dimensions of the Stono Rebellion,” American Historical Review, 96 (1991), 1101–13.

  Larry E. Tise, Proslavery: A History of the Defense of Slavery in America, 1701–1840 (Athens, Ga., 1987).

  David Waldstreicher, “ Reading the Runaways: Self-fashioning, Print Culture, and Confidence in Slavery in the Eighteenth-Century Mid-Atlantic,” William and Mary Quarterly, 56 (1999), 243–72.

  William M. Wiecek, “ The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America,” William and Mary Quarterly, 34 (1977), 258–80.

  Free African Americans

  Ira Berlin, Slaves without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South (New York, 1974).

  Mariana Dantas, Black Townsmen: Urban Slavery and Freedom in the Eighteenth-Century Americas (New York, 2008).

  Jane Landers, “ Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose: A Free Black Town in Spanish Colonial Florida,” American Historical Review, 95 (1990), 9–30.

  William D. Piersen, Black Yankees: The Development of an Afro-American Subculture in Eighteenth-Century New England (Amherst, 1988).

  Slavery in the Caribbean

  Vincent Brown, The Reaper's Garden: Death and Power in the World of Atlantic Slavery (Cambridge, Mass., 2008).

  Trevor Burnard, Mastery, Tyranny, and Desire: Thomas Thistlewood and His Slaves in the Anglo-Jamaican World (Chapel Hill, 2004).

  Barbara Bush, Slave Women in Caribbean Society, 1650–1838 (Bloomington, 1990)

  Richard B. Sheridan, The Formation of Caribbean Plantation Society, 1689–1748, in The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. 2: The Eighteenth Century, ed. P. J. Marshall (New York, 1998), 393–414.

  Richard B. Sheridan, Sugar and Slavery: An Economic History of the British West Indies, 1623–1775 (Baltimore, 1974).

  The Development of Racial Thought and Racism

  Anthony L. Barker, The African Link: British Attitudes to the Negro in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade, 1550–1807 (London, 1978).

  Emily C. Bartels, “ Othello and Africa: Postcolonialism Reconsidered,” William and Mary Quarterly, 54 (1997), 45–64.

  George Boulikos, The Grateful Slave: The Emergence of Race in Eighteenth-Century British and American Culture (Cambridge, 2008).

  David Brion Davis, The Problem of Slavery in Western Culture (Ithaca, 1975).

  Winthrop D. Jordan, White Over Black: American Attitudes toward the Negro, 1550–1812 (Chapel Hill, 1968).

  Michael McGiffert, ed., “ Constructing Race: Differentiating Peoples in the Early Modern World,” William and Mary Quarterly, 54 (1997), 3–6.

  John Sweet, Bodies Politic: Negotiating Race in the American North, 1730–1830 (Baltimore, 2003).

  Alden T. Vaughan and Virginia Mason Vaughan, “ Before Othello: Elizabethan Representations of Sub-Saharan Africans,” William and Mary Quarterly, 54 (1997), 19–44.

  Chapter 15 Expanding Spanish and French Empires in North America

  General Histories and the Borderlands

  John Francis Bannon, The Spanish Borderlands Frontier, 1513–1821 (New York, 1970).

  Leslie Bethell, ed., Colonial Latin America: The Cambridge History of Latin America, 2 vols (Cambridge, 1984).

  Stanley J. Palmer and Dennis Reinhartz, eds, Essays on the History of North American Discovery and Exploration (College Station, 1988).

  Carl O. Sauer, Seventeenth-Century North America: The Land and the People as Seen by Europeans (Berkeley, 1971).

  David Hurst Thomas, ed., Columbian Consequences, Vol. 1: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives on the Spanish Borderlands West (Washington, DC, 1989).

  David J. Weber, The Spanish Frontier in North America (New Haven, 1992).

  David J. Weber, “ Turner, the Boltonians, and the Borderlands,” American Historical Review, 91 (1986), 66–81.

  J. Leitch Wright, Jr., Anglo-Spanish Rivalry in North America (Athens, Ga., 1971).

  Florida

  Mark F. Boyd et al., Here They Once Stood: The Tragic End of the Apalachee Missions (1951; reprinted Gainesville, 1999).

  Amy Turner Bushnell, Situado and Sabana: Spain's Support System for the Presidio and Mission Provinces of Florida (Athens, Ga., 1994).

  Kathleen A. Deagan, ed., Spanish St. Augustine: The Archeology of a Colonial Creole Community (New York, 1983).

  Ernest F. Dibble and Earle W. Newton, Spain and Her Rivals on the Gulf Coast (Pensacola, 1971).

  John H. Hann, Apalachee: The Land between the Rivers (Gainesville, 1998).

  John H. Hann, A History of the Timucua Indians and Missions (Gainesville, 1996).

  John H. Hann and Bonnie G. McEwan, The Apalachee Indians and Mission San Luis (Gainesville, 1998).

  Paul E. Hoffman, Florida's Frontiers (Bloomington, 2002).

  Paul E. Hoffman, A New Andalucia and a Way to the Orient: The American Southeast during the Sixteenth Century (Baton Rouge, 1990).

  Charles Hudson and Carmen Chaves Tesser, The Forgotten Centuries: Indians and Europeans in the American South, 1521–1704 (Athens, Ga., 1994).

  Jane Landers, “ Spanish Sanctuary: Fugitives in Florida, 1687–1790,” Florida Historical Quarterly, 62 (1984), 296–313.

  Eugene Lyon, The Enterprise of Florida: Pedro Menéndez de Avilés and the Spanish Conquest of 1565–1568 (Gainesville, 1976).

  Bonnie G. McEwan, ed., The Spanish Missions o
f “La Florida” (Gainesville, 1993).

  Robert Allen Matter, “ Missions in the Defense of Spanish Florida, 1566–1710,” Florida Historical Quarterly, 54 (1975), 18–38.

  Robert Allen Matter, Pre-Seminole Florida: Spanish Soldiers, Friars, and Indian Missions, 1513–1763 (New York, 1990).

  Jerald T. Milanich, The Timucua (Oxford, 1996).

  Jean Parker Waterbury, ed., The Oldest City: St. Augustine, Saga of Survival (St. Augustine, 1983).

  Randolph J. Widmer, The Evolution of the Calusa: A Nonagricultural Chiefdom on the Southwest Florida Coast (Tuscaloosa, 1988).

  New Mexico

  James Brooks, Captives and Cousins: Slavery, Kinship, and Community in the Southwest Borderlands (Chapel Hill, 2002).

  Ramón A. Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846 (Stanford, 1991).

  Elizabeth A. H. John, Storms Brewed in Other Men's Worlds: The Confrontation of Indians, Spanish, and French in the Southwest, 1540–1795 (College Station, 1975).

  Oakah L. Jones, Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain (Norman, 1979).

  Oakah L. Jones, Nueva Vizcaya: Heartland of the Spanish Frontier (Albuquerque, 1988).

  Caroll L. Riley, Rio del Norte: People of the Upper Rio Grande from Earliest Times to the Pueblo Revolt (Salt Lake City, 1995).

  Marc Simmons, Albuquerque: A Narrative History (Albuquerque, 1982).

  W. H. Timmons, El Paso: A Borderlands History (El Paso, 1990).

  David J. Weber, Myth and the History of the Hispanic Southwest: Essays (Albuquerque, 1988).

  David J. Weber, ed., Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans (Albuquerque, 1973).

  David J. Weber, ed., New Spain's Far Northern Frontier: Essays on Spain in the American West (Albuquerque, 1979).

  Texas

  Juliana Barr, Peace Came in the Form of a Woman: Indians and Spaniards in the Texas Borderlands (Chapel Hill, 2007).

  Herbert E. Bolton, Texas in the Middle Eighteenth Century: Studies in Spanish Colonial History and Administration (1915; reprinted Austin, 1970).

  William C. Foster, Spanish Expeditions in Texas, 1689–1768 (Austin, 1995).