Misanthropy
Page 33
8Edwards, Lenihan and Tait, ‘Early Modern Ireland’, pp. 23–4.
9See Kenneth Nicholls, ‘The Other Massacre: English Killings of Irish 1641-2’, in Age of Atrocity, ed. Edwards, Lenihan and Tait, pp. 176–91, p. 190.
10John Childs, ‘The Laws of War in Seventeenth Century Europe and their Application during the Jacobite War in Ireland’, in Age of Atrocity, ed. Edwards, Lenihan and Tait, pp. 283–300, p. 298.
11See Ian McBride, Eighteenth-Century Ireland: The Isle of Slaves (Dublin: Gill & Macmillan, 2009), p. 34.
12Anon., The Mantle Thrown Off: Or, The Irish-Man Dissected (London: for Richard Baldwin, 1689), p. 9.
13Edmund Burke, A Letter from the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, M.P., in the Kingdom of Great Britain, to Sir Hercules Langrishe (London: J. Debrett, 1792), p. 87.
14Michael McConville, Ascendancy to Oblivion: The Story of the Anglo-Irish (London: Quartet, 1986), p. 125.
15Joyce, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, ed. with introd. and notes by Seamus Deane (London: Penguin, 1992), p. 195.
16See Deane, notes, Joyce, A Portrait, p. 309.
17See Hugh Kenner, A Colder Eye: The Modern Irish Writers (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989).
18See Nicholls, ‘The Other Massacre’, p. 183.
19Richard McCabe, Spenser’s Monstrous Regiment: Elizabethan Ireland and the Poetics of Difference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005), p. 86. This is one of three excellent accounts of Spenser in an Irish context. See also Willy Maley, Salvaging Spenser: Colonialism, Culture and Identity (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1997); and Andrew Hadfield, Spenser’s Irish Experience: Wilde Fruit and Salvage Soyl (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
20Joyce, Occasional, Critical and Political Writing, p. 119.
21McCabe, Spenser’s Monstrous Regiment, p. 92.
22See R. F. Foster, Modern Ireland 1600-1972 (London: Penguin, 1989), p. 328.
23For an account of a specific aspect of this, see my The Strong Spirit: History, Politics and Aesthetics in the Writings of James Joyce 1898-1915 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013), pp. 96–100.
24Joyce, Occasional, Critical and Political Writing, p. 119.
25See for instance Foster, Modern Ireland, pp. 38–42.
26Joyce, Occasional, Critical and Political Writing, p. 58.
27An Duanaire: 1600-1900: Poems of the Dispossessed, trans. Thomas Kinsella (Portlaoise: Dolmen Press, 1981), p. 115.
28See Máirtín Ó Briain, ‘Satire in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Gaelic Poetry’, in Memory and the Modern in Celtic Literatures, ed. Joseph Falaky Nagy (Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2006), pp. 118–42, p. 126.
29Quoted James Hardiman (ed.), ‘Notes’, in Irish Minstrelsy or Bardic Remains of Ireland, with English Poetical Translations, introd. Máire Mhac an tSaoi (2 vols, Shannon: Irish University Press, 1971), vol. 1, p. 183.
30Seamus Deane, Andrew Carpenter and Jonathan Williams (eds), Field Day Anthology (2 vols, Derry: Field Day Publications, 1991), vol. 1, p. 287.
31Ibid., vol. 1, p. 294.
32An Duanaire, p. 141; and Edwards, ‘The Escalation of Violence’, p. 58.
33Brian Mac Cuarta, ‘Religious Violence against Settlers in South Ulster, 1641-2’, in Age of Atrocity, ed. Edwards, Lenihan and Tait, pp. 145–75, p. 154.
34In Deane, Carpenter and Williams (eds), Field Day Anthology, vol. 1, p. 287.
35Quoted Alan Bliss, ‘The English Language in Early Modern Ireland’, in A New History of Ireland, vol. III: Early Modern Ireland 1534-1691, ed. T. W. Moody, F. X. Martin and F. J. Byrne (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), pp. 546–60, p. 555. The word ‘tory’ was originally used to describe an Irish rebel or outlaw. Its mutation is piquant, and profoundly instructive.
36In Deane, Carpenter and Williams (eds), Field Day Anthology, vol. 1, p. 297.
37Brian Ó Cuív, ‘The Irish Language in the Early Modern Period’, in A New History of Ireland, ed. Moody, Martin and Byrne, vol. III, pp. 509–42, p. 510.
38Ibid.
39In Deane, Carpenter and Williams (eds), Field Day Anthology, vol. 1, p. 286.
40An Duanaire, p. 169.
41See Alan Harrison, ‘Literature in Irish 1600-1800’, in Field Day Anthology, ed. Deane, Carpenter and Williams, vol. 1, pp. 274–8, p. 277.
42An Duanaire, p. 125.
43Ibid., p. 157.
44Ibid., pp. 195, 197.
45See Ó Cuív, ‘The Irish Language’, pp. 541–2.
46Cecile O’Rahilly, Five Seventeenth-Century Political Poems (Dublin: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1952), pp. 17, 146.
47Anon., Aphorismical Discovery of Treasonable Faction, 1641-52, with an appendix of original letters and documents, ed. John T. Gilbert (3 vols, Dublin: Irish Archaeological and Celtic Society, 1879–80), vol. 1, p. 40.
48Ibid., vol. 1, p. 75, vol. 2, p. 78.
49Ibid., vol. 1, p. 85.
50Ibid., vol. 1, p. 43.
51See Harrison, ‘Literature in Irish 1600-1800’, p. 274.
52An Duanaire, p. 153.
53See Murray G. H. Pittock, Poetry and Jacobite Politics in Eighteenth-Century Ireland (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 194.
54Hardiman (ed.), Irish Minstrelsy, p. 9.
55Joyce, Occasional, Critical and Political Writing, p. 55.
56Anthony Cronin, No Laughing Matter: The Life and Times of Flann O’Brien (London: Grafton, 1989), p. 73.
57Ibid., p. 130.
58Quoted Darcy O’Brien, Patrick Kavanagh (London: Associated University Presses, 1975), pp. 23, 31.
59Lung cancer turned him into a pantheist and a contented dreamer. I am grateful to Joe Brooker for alerting me to this.
60See Cronin, No Laughing Matter, p. 192.
61Ibid. The question for doubters is whether Cronin does not read back too freely from the explicit Manichaeanism of The Dalkey Archive.
62Quoted ibid., p. 105.
63Mhac an tSaoi, ‘Introduction’, in Irish Minstrelsy, ed. Hardiman, vol. 1, pp. v–xii, p. v.
64Oliver Goldsmith, The Vicar of Wakefield: A Tale (London: H.D. Symons, 1793), p. 46.
65Goldsmith, The Citizen of the World: Letters from a Chinese Philosopher, Residing in London, to his Friends in the East, with notes by J. W. M. Gibbs (London: George Bell & Sons, 1894).
66Ibid., p. 48.
67Ibid., p. 300.
68Ibid., p. 39.
69Samuel Beckett, How It Is (London: John Calder, 1964), hereafter cited in the text as HII; p. 70.
70Beckett, letters to Alan Schneider; quoted Anthony Cronin, Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist (London: Harper Collins, 1996), pp. 459, 462.
71Jonathan Swift, Gulliver’s Travels (London: Penguin, 2003), p. 242.
72Alexander Somerville, Letters from Ireland During the Famine of 1847, ed. and introd. K. D. M. Snell (Dublin: Irish Academic Press, 1994), p. 108.
73In this respect, he can sound, mutatis mutandis, like a travesty of Anglo-Irish revivalists (W. B. Yeats, AE [George Russell]), and his discourse like a Beckettian parody of Revivalism.
Chapter 5
1Emmeline Pankhurst, My Own Story (London: Everleigh Nash, 1914), p. 294.
2See Sandra Stanley Holton, Feminism and Democracy: Women’s Suffrage and Reform Politics in Britain 1900-1918 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986).
3In ‘A Plea for Women’, quoted Patricia Hollis, Women in Public: The Women’s Movement 1850-1900 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1979), p. 293.
4Pankhurst, My Own Story, pp. 281–2.
5Pankhurst, quoted Jane Marcus (ed.), Suffrage and the Pankhursts (London: Kegan Paul, 1987), pp. 153–62, p. 157.
6Pankhurst, My Own Story, pp. 295, 323.
7Angela K. Smith, Suffrage Discourse in Britain During the First World War (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005), p. 13.
8‘Introduction’, in The Case for Women’s Suffrage, ed. Brougham Villiers (London: Fisher and Unwin, 1907), p. 18.
9Liz McQuiston, Suffragettes to She-Devils: Wo
men’s Liberation and Beyond, foreword Germaine Greer (London: Phaidon, 1997), p. 18.
10Julia Bush, Women Against the Vote: Female Anti-Suffragism in Britain (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007), p. 75.
11Bush, Women, pp. 78, 88.
12Mrs Humphry Ward, Delia Blanchflower (London: Ward, Lock & co., 1917), p. 340.
13See Christabel Pankhurst, ‘The Great Scourge, and How to End It’ (London: E. Pankhurst, 1913); and Cicely Hamilton, Marriage as a Trade (London: Chapman and Hall, 1909).
14Bush, Women, p. 106.
15Holton, Feminism and Democracy, p. 152.
16See Hilary Spurling, Ivy: The Life of I. Compton-Burnett (London: Richard Cohen, 1995).
17See Robert Green, Edith Sitwell: Avant-Garde Poet, English Genius (London: Virago, 2011), pp. 123, 175, 182–3, 276, 319.
18See Green, Edith Sitwell, pp. 35–41.
19See Lilian Pizzichini, The Blue Hour: A Portrait of Jean Rhys (London: Bloomsbury, 2009), p. 61.
20Ibid., p. 71.
21‘Lady Rogue Singleton’, Stevie Smith, Collected Poems, ed. with pref. James MacGibbon (London: Penguin, 1977), p. 194.
22Edith Sitwell, I Live Under a Black Sky, with a memoir by Reresby Sitwell (London: Peter Owen, 2007), hereafter cited in the text as BS; p. 102.
23Ivy Compton-Burnett, Pastors and Masters, with a foreword by Sue Townsend (London: Hesperus, 2009), hereafter cited in the text as PM; p. 90.
24Compton-Burnett, A Family and its Fortune (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1983), hereafter cited in the text as FF; p. 30.
25Compton-Burnett, A Heritage and its History (London: Gollancz, 1959), pp. 5–6.
26‘Introduction’, in Woman’s Work and Woman’s Culture, ed. Josephine E. Butler (London: Macmillan, 1869), pp. vii–lxiv, p. xviii.
27Henry James, Letters to A.C. Benson and Auguste Monod, ed. E. C. Benson (London: Elkins Mathews and Marrot, 1930), p. 35.
28Joseph Baines, ‘Ivy Compton Burnett’, in New Makers of Modern Culture, ed. Justin Wintle (2 vols, London: Routledge, 2007), vol. 1, pp. 319–20, at p. 320.
29Compton-Burnett, Elders and Betters (London: Gollancz, 1944), hereafter cited in the text as EB; p. 146.
30Compton-Burnett, Men and Wives (London: Bloomsbury, 2012), hereafter cited in the text as MW; p. 75.
31Compton-Burnett, Mother and Son (London: Gollancz, 1955), hereafter cited in the text as MS; p. 63.
32Quoted in Charles Burkhart (ed.), The Art of I. Compton-Burnett (London: Gollancz, 1972), p. 55.
33Jean Rhys, Good Morning, Midnight, introd. A. L. Kennedy (Penguin: London, 2000), hereafter cited in the text as GMM; p. 6.
34Pizzichini, Blue Hour, p. 116.
35Ibid., p. 31.
36Ibid.
37See ibid., p. 67.
38Rhys, Quartet, introd. Katie Owen (London: Penguin, 2000), hereafter cited in the text as Q; p. 12.
39Rhys, Wide Sargasso Sea, ed. Francis Wyndham (London: Penguin, 1993), hereafter cited in the text as WSS; p. 48.
40Clément Rosset, Le Réel: Traité de l’Idiotie (Paris: Éditions de Minuit, 1977), p. 41.
41Pizzichini, Blue Hour, pp. 19–20.
42Nathalie Sarraute, ‘L’Ère du soupçon’, hereafter cited in the text as ES , in Œuvres Complètes, ed. Jean-Yves Tadié et al. (Paris: Gallimard, 1996), p. 1584.
43Sarraute, ‘Preface’, hereafter cited in the text as PR, in Tropisms, and The Age of Suspicion, trans. Maria Jolas (London: John Calder, 1963), pp. 7–11, at pp. 7–8.
44Sarraute, Le Planétarium (Paris: Gallimard, 1972), hereafter cited in the text as LP; p. 157.
45Sarraute, Martereau (Paris: Gallimard, 1953), hereafter cited in the text as M; p. 177.
46Roger McLure, Le Planétarium (London: Grant & Cutler, 1987), p. 26.
47See Sarraute, Portrait d’un homme inconnu (Paris: Gallimard, 1956), hereafter cited in the text as PHI; pp. 32, 35.
48Tropismes, hereafter cited in the text as T; in Œuvres complètes, p. 17.
49See Hermione Lee, Virginia Woolf (London: Chatto & Windus, 1996). I am indebted to her book in this paragraph.
50Virginia Woolf, Jacob’s Room (London: Triad Panther Books, 1977), p. 93.
51Leonard Woolf, Downhill all the Way (London: Hogarth Press, 1975), p. 250.
52Virginia Woolf, Letter to Ethel Smythe, 26 November 1935, in The Letters of Virginia Woolf, ed. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann (6 vols, London: Hogarth Press, 1975–80), vol. 5, p. 446.
53Virginia Woolf, Letter to Sibyl Colefax, 6 May 1936, Letters, vol. 6, p. 36.
54Virginia Woolf, Diaries, ed. Anne Oliver Bell and Andrew McNeillie (5 vols, London: Hogarth, 1977–84), vol. 5, p. 234.
55Ibid.
56See Lee, Woolf, p. 737.
57Julia Briggs, Virginia Woolf: An Inner Life (London: Allen Lane, 2005), p. 398.
58See for example Jacques Lacan, ‘The Meaning of the Phallus’, trans. Jacqueline Rose, Feminine Sexuality: Jacques Lacan and the École Freudienne, ed. Juliet Mitchell and Jacqueline Rose (London: Macmillan, 1982), pp. 74–85; and Joan Riviere, ‘Womanliness as a Masquerade’, International Journal of Psychoanalysis, vol. 10 (1929), pp. 303–13.
59Emily Dickinson, Poems, ed. R. W. Franklin (3 vols, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998), hereafter cited in the text as EDP with poem, volume and page number; Poem 527, 2.535.
60Sylvia Plath, Collected Poems, ed. Ted Hughes (London: Faber and Faber, 1989), hereafter cited in the text as PCP; p. 245.
61The Journals of Sylvia Plath, ed. Ted Hughes and Frances McCullough (New York: Random House, 1982), p. 227.
62Jacqueline Rose, The Haunting of Sylvia Plath (London: Virago, 1991), p. 6.
63Sylvia Plath, Letters Home: Correspondence 1950-1963, ed. with a commentary Aurelia Schober Plath (London: Faber & Faber, 1975), p. 473.
64See Ruth Ann Halicks, ‘Interview with Nathalie Sarraute’, at http://artfuldodge.sites.wooster.edu/content/conversation-nathalie-sarraute (accessed 22 December 2013).
Chapter 6
1Quoted in Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (London: Penguin, 2012), p. 361. The second phrase is Clark’s. Though it is not Clark’s concern to say so, few if any of the human beings concerned come out of his superb book very well.
2Michel Foucault, Le Courage de la verité (Paris: Seuil/Gallimard), 2009.
3See Colin Wells, The Devil and Doctor Dwight: Satire and Theology in the Early American Republic (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002), p. 36 and passim.
4See Anthony Cronin, Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist (London: HarperCollins, 1996), p. 591.
5Sinclair Lewis, Babbitt (New York: Dover Books, 2003), hereafter cited in the text as B; p. 144.
6For which see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperity_theology (accessed 1 October 2014).
7David Yount, America’s Spiritual Utopias: The Quest for Heaven on Earth (Westport: Praeger, 2008), p. xiii.
8John Winthrop, ‘A Model of Christian Charity’, quoted Amy S. Greenberg, Manifest Destiny and American Territorial Expansion: A Brief History with Documents (Boston and New York: Bedford and St Martin’s, 2012), p. 43.
9See Thomas O. Beebee, Millennial Literatures of the Americas 1492-2002 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), pp. 24–45.
10See Lawrence R. Samuel, The American Dream: A Cultural History (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2012), p. 6. Much of this paragraph derives from Samuel’s book.
11Ibid.
12I take ‘harrowing’ from J. E. Chamberlin, The Harrowing of Eden: White Attitudes Towards Native Americans (New York: Seabury, 1975), to which this paragraph is indebted.
13Perry Miller and Thomas H. Johnson, The Puritans (2 vols, New York and London: Harper and Row, 1963), vol. 1, p. 1. All references are to this volume.
14Samuel Willard, ‘The Character of a Good Ruler’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 251.
15Thomas Hooker, ‘A True Sight of Sin’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 295.
17See Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 191.
18Ibid., p. 58.
19Cotton, Briefe Exposition, p. 160.
20See Willard, ‘Degenerating New England’, Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 375.
21Cotton, ‘Limitation of Government’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 213.
22Hooker, ‘True Sight’ and ‘Meditation’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, pp. 293, 303.
23Hooker, ‘Wandering Thoughts’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 307.
24Winthrop, ‘Speech to the General Court’, 3 July 1645, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, p. 246.
25Increase Mather, ‘Sleeping At Sermons’, in Miller and Johnson, Puritans, pp. 348–9.
26Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Blithedale Romance, The Centenary Edition of the Works of Nathaniel Hawthorne, vol. 3, ed. Fredson Bowers et al. (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1971), p. 37.
27Letter to Hawthorne, 16? April? 1851, in Herman Melville, Moby Dick, ed. with introd. Tony Tanner (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), hereafter cited in the text as MD; p. 597.
28See G. R. Thompson and Virgil L. Locke, Ruined Eden of the Present: Hawthorne, Melville and Poe (West Lafayette: Purdue University Press, 1981).
29See Julius Pratt, ‘The Origin of “Manifest Destiny”’, American Historical Review, vol. 32, no. 4 (1927), pp. 795–8.
30Herman Melville, Typee, with an afterword by Harrison Hayford (New York: Signet, 1964), hereafter cited in the text as T; p. 33.
31Melville, Redburn, ed. with introd. Harold Beaver (Penguin: Harmondsworth, 1977), hereafter cited in the text as R; p. 54.
32The point is clear, the Howard referred to a mystery so far as I know.
33Letter to Hawthorne, 1? June 1851, in MD, p. 598.
34Melville, ‘Benito Cereno’, hereafter cited in the text as BC, in Billy Budd, Sailor and Selected Tales (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), p. 164.
35W. H. Auden, ‘September 1, 1939’, in Another Time (New York: Random House, 1949), p. 112.
36Melville, ‘Bartleby’, hereafter cited in the text as BA, in Billy Budd, pp. 21, 23.