The Annotated Alice
Page 39
The society maintains an active publications program, administered by a distinguished committee interested in publishing and assisting in the publication of materials dealing with the life and work of Lewis Carroll. Members receive the society’s newsletter (the Knight Letter), chapbooks in the society’s series (Carroll Studies), and other special publications. The Wasp in a Wig was first published as part of this series.
Further information can be obtained by writing to The Secretary, Ellie Luchinsky, Lewis Carroll Society of North America, 18 Fitzharding Place, Owings Mill, Maryland 21117.
England’s older Lewis Carroll Society was founded in 1969. It publishes a periodical—The Carrollian (formerly titled Jabberwocky), edited by Anne Clark Amor—and Bandersnatch, a newsletter. For information write to The Secretary, Sarah Stanfield, Acorns, Dargate, Near Faversham, Kent, England ME 13 9HG.
The Lewis Carroll Society of Canada publishes White Rabbit Tales, a newsletter edited by Dayna McCausland, Box 321, Erin, Ontario, Canada N0B 1T0.
The Lewis Carroll Society of Japan issues a newsletter in both English and Japanese. The society’s secretary is Katsuko Kasai, 3-6-15 Funato, Abiko 270-11, Japan. Carroll has a large following in Japan, with about sixty Japanese editions of the Alice books in print.
SELECTED
REFERENCES
By Lewis Carroll
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. 1865. Carroll arranged for the first edition of two thousand copies to be published on July 4 to commemorate the date of the boating trip, three years earlier, on which he first told the story of Alice. This edition was recalled by Carroll and Tenniel because they did not like the quality of the printing. Unbound sheets were then sold to the New York firm of Appleton, who issued a thousand copies with a new title page printed at Oxford and dated 1866. This was the second issue of the first edition. The third issue was the remaining batch of 952 copies, carrying a title page printed in the United States. Carroll had little interest in the quality of his U.S. printings. “I fear it is true that there are no children in America,” he wrote in his diary (Sept. 3, 1880) after meeting an eight-year-old New York girl whose behavior he did not approve.
An Elementary Treatise on Determinants. 1867.
Through the Looking-Glass, and What Alice Found There. 1871.
The Hunting of the Snark, An Agony in Eight Fits. 1876.
Euclid and His Modern Rivals. 1879; reprint, 1973.
Alice’s Adventures Under Ground. 1886; reprint, 1965. A facsimile of the original manuscript, which Carroll hand-lettered and crudely illustrated as a gift for Alice Liddell. It is a little more than half the length of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
Sylvie and Bruno. 1889; reprint, 1988.
The Nursery “Alice.” 1889; reprint, 1966. A rewritten and shortened version of the first Alice book, for very young readers “from Nought to Five.” The illustrations are Tenniel’s, enlarged and colored.
Sylvie and Bruno Concluded. 1893.
The Lewis Carroll Picture Book. Edited by Stuart Dodgson Collingwood. 1899; reprint, 1961. A valuable collection of miscellaneous short pieces by Carroll, including many of his original games, puzzles, and other mathematical recreations.
Further Nonsense Verse and Prose. Edited by Langford Reed. 1926.
The Russian Journal and Other Selections from the Works of Lewis Carroll. Edited by John Francis McDermott. 1935; reprint, 1977. Includes Carroll’s diary record of his trip to Russia in 1867 with Canon Henry Liddon.
The Complete Works of Lewis Carroll. Introduction by Alexander Woollcott. 1937. The title is something of a fraud for the book is far from complete even when one excludes (as this book does) the many books published under the name of Charles Dodgson. It continues, however, (as a Modern Library book), to be the most easily obtained collection of Carroll’s prose and verse.
The Diaries of Lewis Carroll. 2 volumes. Edited by Roger Lancelyn Green. 1953. Indispensable for any student of Carroll, though one regrets that Green’s excisions include “mathematical and logical formulae and minor problems,” and “long accounts of how he [Carroll] saw children on the shore at Eastbourne, but failed to cultivate their friendship.” An excellent review by W. H. Auden appeared in the New York Times Book Review, February 28, 1954.
Symbolic Logic and the Game of Logic. Reprint, 1958. Single-volume reprint of Carroll’s two books on logic, both intended for children.
Pillow Problems and a Tangled Tale. Reprint, 1958. Single-volume reprint of Carroll’s two books of problems in recreational mathematics.
The Rectory Umbrella and Mischmasch. Reprint, 1971. A reprint of two early manuscripts by Carroll.
The Oxford Pamphlets, Letters, and Circulars of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson. Edited by Edward Wakeling. 1993.
Lewis Carroll’s Diaries. Edited by Edward Wakeling. Vol. 1 (1993), Vol. 2 (1994), Vol. 3 (1995), Vol. 4 (1997).
Phantasmagoria. Edited by Martin Gardner. 1998. A reprint of Carroll’s comic ballad about a ghost.
Annotated Editions of the Alice Books
Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Edited by Roger Lancelyn Green. 1971.
Alice in Wonderland. Edited by Donald J. Gray. 1971.
The Philosopher’s Alice. Edited by Peter Heath. 1974.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. 2 volumes. Edited by James R. Kincaid. 1982–83.
Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Edited by Hugh Haughton. 1998.
Illustrated Editions of Alice
More than a hundred artists have illustrated the Alice books. For a checklist, see The Illustrators of Alice in Wonderland, edited by Graham Ovenden, with an introduction by Jack Davis. Published in 1972 by Academy Editions in England and here by St. Martin’s Press. This handsome volume reproduces numerous illustrations, some in full color.
Letters of Lewis Carroll
A Selection from the Letters of Lewis Carroll to His Child-Friends. Edited by Evelyn M. Hatch. 1933.
The Letters of Lewis Carroll. 2 volumes. Edited by Morton N. Cohen. 1979.
Lewis Carroll and the Kitchins. Edited by Morton N. Cohen. 1980.
Lewis Carroll and the House of Macmillan. Edited by Morton N. Cohen and Anita Gandolfo. 1987.
Lewis Carroll’s Letters to Skeffington. Edited by Anne Clark Amor. 1990.
Theatrical Productions of Alice
Alice on Stage. Charles C. Lovett. 1990.
Biographies of Lewis Carroll
The Life and Letters of Lewis Carroll. Stuart Dodgson Collingwood. 1898. A biography by Carroll’s nephew; the primary source of information about Carroll’s life.
The Story of Lewis Carroll. Isa Bowman. 1899; reprint, 1972. Recollections of Carroll by one of the actresses who played Alice in Savile Clarke’s stage musical and who became one of Carroll’s leading child-friends.
Lewis Carroll. Walter de la Mare. 1932.
The Life of Lewis Carroll. Langford Reed. 1932.
Carroll’s Alice. Harry Morgan Ayres. 1936.
Victoria through the Looking-Glass. Florence Becker Lennon. 1945; reprint, 1972.
Lewis Carroll: Photographer. Helmut Gernsheim. 1949; revised 1969. Includes excellent reproductions of sixty-four photographs by Carroll.
The Story of Lewis Carroll. Roger Lancelyn Green. 1949.
Lewis Carroll. Derek Hudson. 1954; revised 1977.
Lewis Carroll. Roger Lancelyn Green. 1960.
The Snark Was a Boojum. James Plasted Wood. 1966.
Lewis Carroll. Jean Gattégno. 1974.
Lewis Carroll. Richard Kelly. 1977; revised 1990.
Lewis Carroll. Anne Clarke. 1979.
Lewis Carroll. Graham Ovenden. 1984.
Lewis Carroll: Interviews and Reflections. Edited by Morton N. Cohen. 1989.
Lewis Carroll in Russia. Fan Parker. 1994.
Lewis Carroll. Morton N. Cohen. 1995.
Lewis Carroll. Michael Bakewell. 1996.
Lewis Carroll in Wonderland. Stephanie Stoffel. 1996.
Reflections in a Looking Glass. Morton N. Cohen. 1998. Beautiful reproductions of Carroll’s photographs, including the four surviving nude portraits of little girls.
Carroll Criticism
Carroll’s Alice. Harry Morgan Ayres. 1936.
The White Knight. Alexander L. Taylor. 1952.
Charles Dodgson, Semiotician. Daniel F. Kirk. 1963.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. Edited by Donald Rackin. 1969.
Language and Lewis Carroll, Robert D. Sutherland. 1970.
Aspects of Alice. Edited by Robert Phillips. 1971.
Play, Games, and Sports: The Literary Works of Lewis Carroll. Kathleen Blake. 1974.
The Raven and the Writing Desk. Francis Huxley. 1976.
Lewis Carroll Observed. Edited by Edward Guiliano. 1976.
Soaring With the Dodo. Edited by Edward Guiliano and James R. Kincaid. 1982.
Lewis Carroll: A Celebration. Edited by Edward Guiliano. 1982.
Modern Critical Reviews: Lewis Carroll. Edited by Harold Bloom. 1987.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Donald Rackin. 1991.
Semiotics and Linguistics in Alice’s World. R. L. F. Fordyce and Carla Marcello. 1994.
The Literary Products of the Lewis Carroll–George MacDonald Friendship. John Docherty. 1995.
The Making of the Alice Books: Lewis Carroll’s Use of Earlier Children’s Literature. Ronald Reichertz. 1997.
Lewis Carroll: The Alice Companion. Jo Elwyn Jones and J. Francis Gladstone. 1998.
The Art of Alice in Wonderland. Stephanie Lovett Steffel. 1998.
Psychoanalytic Interpretations of Carroll
“Alice in Wonderland Psycho-Analyzed.” A. M. E. Goldschmidt. New Oxford Outlook (May 1933).
“Alice in Wonderland: the Child as Swain.” William Empson. In Some Versions of Pastoral. 1935. The U.S. edition is titled English Pastoral Poetry. Reprinted in Art and Psychoanalysis. Edited by William Phillips. 1957.
“Psychoanalyzing Alice.” Joseph Wood Krutch. The Nation 144 (Jan. 30, 1937): 129–30.
“Psychoanalytic Remarks on Alice in Wonderland and Lewis Carroll.” Paul Schilder. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Diseases 87 (1938): 159–68.
“About the Symbolization of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.” Martin Grotjahn. American Imago 4 (1947): 32–41.
“Lewis Carroll’s Adventures in Wonderland.” John Skinner. American Imago 4 (1947): 3–31.
Swift and Carroll. Phyllis Greenacre. 1955.
“All on a Golden Afternoon.” Robert Bloch. Fantasy and Science Fiction (June 1956). A short story burlesquing the analytic approach to Alice.
On Carroll as Logician and Mathematician
“Lewis Carroll as Logician.” R. B. Braithwaite. The Mathematical Gazette 16 (July 1932): 174–78.
“Lewis Carroll, Mathematician.” D. B. Eperson. The Mathematical Gazette 17 (May 1933): 92–100.
“Lewis Carroll and a Geometrical Paradox.” Warren Weaver. The American Mathematical Monthly 45 (April 1938): 234–36.
“The Mathematical Manuscripts of Lewis Carroll.” Warren Weaver. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 98 (October 15, 1954): 377–81.
“Lewis Carroll: Mathematician.” Warren Weaver. Scientific American 194 (April 1956): 116–28.
“Mathematical Games.” Martin Gardner. Scientific American (March 1960): 172–76. A discussion of Carroll’s games and puzzles.
The Magic of Lewis Carroll. Edited by John Fisher. 1973.
Lewis Carroll: Symbolic Logic. William Warren Bartley, III. 1977; revised 1986.
Lewis Carroll’s Games and Puzzles. Edited by Edward Wakeling. 1982.
The Mathematical Pamphlets of Charles Lutwidge Dodgson and Related Pieces. Edited by Francine Abeles. 1994.
Rediscovered Lewis Carroll Puzzles. Edited by Edward Wakeling. 1995.
The Universe in a Handkerchief. Edited by Martin Gardner. 1996.
On Alice Liddell
The Real Alice. Anne Clark. 1981.
Lewis Carroll and Alice: 1832–1982. Morton N. Cohen. 1982.
Beyond the Looking Glass: Reflections of Alice and Her Family. Colin Gordon. 1982.
The Other Alice. Christina Bjork. 1993.
Bibliographies
The Lewis Carroll Handbook. Sidney Herbert Williams and Falconer Madan. 1931. Revised by Roger Lancelyn Green, 1962; further revised by Dennis Crutch, 1979.
Alice in Many Tongues. Warren Weaver. 1964. On translations of the Alice books.
Lewis Carroll: An Annotated International Bibliography, 1960–77. Edward Guiliano. 1980.
Lewis Carroll: A Sesquicentennial Guide to Research. Edward Guiliano. 1982.
Lewis Carroll’s Alice: An Annotated Checklist of the Lovett Collection. Charles and Stephanie Lovett. 1984.
Lewis Carroll: A Reference Guide. Rachel Fordyce. 1988.
On Nonsense
“A Defence of Nonsense,” Gilbert Chesterton. In The Defendant. 1901.
“Lewis Carroll” and “How Pleasant to Know Mr. Lear.” Gilbert Chesterton. In A Handful of Authors. 1953.
The Poetry of Nonsense. Emile Cammaerts. 1925.
“Nonsense Poetry.” George Orwell. In Shooting an Elephant. 1945.
The Field of Nonsense. Elizabeth Sewell. 1952.
Nonsense. Susan Stewart. 1980.
On Tenniel and Other Illustrators
Enchanting Alice! Black-and-white
Has made your charm perennial;
And nought save “Chaos and old Night”
Can part you now from Tenniel.
—from a poem by Austin Dobson
Creators of Wonderland. Marguerite Mespoulet. 1934. The book argues that Tenniel was influenced by the French artist J. J. Grandville.
Sir John Tenniel. Frances Sarzano. 1948.
“The Life and Works of Sir John Tenniel.” W. C. Monkhouse. Art Journal (Easter Number, 1901).
The Illustrators of Alice in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass. Graham Ovenden. 1973; revised 1979.
The Tenniel Illustrations to the “Alice” Books. Michael Hancher. 1985.
“Peter Newell.” Michael Patrick Hearn. In More Annotated Alice. Edited by Martin Gardner. 1990. This book reproduces Newell’s eighty illustrations for the two Alice books.
Sir John Tenniel: Alice’s White Knight. Rodney Engen. 1991.
Sir John Tenniel: Aspects of His Work. Roger Simpson. 1994.
SIR JOHN TENNIEL. A SELF-PORTRAIT, 1889
Alice on the Screen
David Schaefer, a Carroll scholar who lives in Silver Spring, Maryland, owns a great collection of Alice-related films. He has kindly provided the following listings.
Newsreel
1932 Alice in U.S. Land. Paramount News. Newsreel of Mrs. Alice Liddell Hargreaves, eighty, arriving for the hundredth-anniversary celebration of Carroll’s birth. Talks of her trip down the river with “Mr. Dodgson.” Her son, Caryl Hargreaves, and her sister Rhoda Liddell, are identifiable. Filmed aboard the Cunard Line’s Berengeria in New York Harbor, April 29, 1932. Running time: seventy-five seconds.
Feature Films
1903 Alice in Wonderland. Produced and directed by Cecil Hepworth. Filmed in Great Britain. Alice is played by May Clark. The very first Alice film. Alice shrinks and grows. The film has sixteen scenes, all from Alice’s Adventures. Running time: ten minutes.
1910 Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland (A Fairy Comedy). Produced by the Edison Manufacturing Company, Orange, New Jersey. Alice is played by Gladys Hulette. The film has fourteen scenes, all from Alice’s Adventures. Running time: ten minutes (one reel). The film was made in the Bronx. Gladys Hulette later became a Pathé star.
1915 Alice in Wonderland. Produced by Nonpareil Feature Film Company, directed by W. W. Young, “picturized” by Dewitt C. Wheeler. Alice is played by Viola Savoy. Most of the scenes were filmed on an estate on Long Island. The film as originally made contained scenes from Alice�
�s Adventures and Through the Looking-Glass. Running time: fifty minutes (five reels).
1931 Alice in Wonderland. Commonwealth Pictures Corporation. Screen adaptation by John F. Godson and Ashley Miller. Produced at the Metropolitan Studios, Fort Lee, New Jersey. Directed by “Bud” Pollard. Alice played by Ruth Gilbert. All scenes are from Alice’s Adventures. The first sound Alice. The thump of the camera can often be heard.
1933 Alice in Wonderland. Paramount Productions. Produced by Louis D. Leighton, directed by Norman McLeod, screenplay by Joseph J. Mankiewicz and William Cameron Menzies. Music by Dimitri Tiomkin. Alice played by Charlotte Henry. An all-star cast of forty-six includes: W. C. Fields as Humpty Dumpty, Edward Everett Horton as the Mad Hatter, Cary Grant as the Mock Turtle, Gary Cooper as the White Knight, Edna May Oliver as the Red Queen, May Robson as the Queen of Hearts, and Baby LeRoy as the Deuce of Hearts. Scenes from Alice’s Adventures and Looking-Glass. Running time: ninety minutes. In looking-glass fashion Charlotte Henry started her movie career as the star of this film and worked her way down to lesser roles.
1948 Alice au pays des merveilles (Alice in Wonderland). Produced in France at Victorine Studios by Lou Bunin. Directed by Marc Maurette and Dallas Bowers; script by Henry Myers, Edward Flisen, and Albert Cervin. Marionette animation by Lou Bunin. Alice played by Carol Marsh. Voices for puppets by Joyce Grenfell, Peter Bull, and Jack Train. The prologue, which shows Lewis Carroll’s life at Christ Church, has Pamela Brown as Queen Victoria and Stanley Baker as Prince Albert. Color. Produced in French and English versions. Exclusive of the prologue, all the characters are puppets except Alice, who is a live adult. Disney tried to stop production, distribution, and display of the film.
1951 Alice in Wonderland. Walt Disney Productions. Production Supervisor, Ben Sharpsteen. Alice’s voice by Kathryn Beaumont. Animation. Color. Sequences from Alice’s Adventures and Looking-Glass. Running time: seventy-five minutes. Poorly received when produced, but has made a great deal of money for Disney since.