A Kidnapping in Milan: The CIA on Trial
Page 32
Ayashi, Radi El (Merai), 109–12
Ayman (husband of Hayam Abedelmoneim Mohamed Hassanein), 118
Azerbaijan, 195
Babylonians, 134
Badr, Zaki, 45
Baer, Robert, 147
Balkans, 228, 234, 237–38
Bangladesh, 59
Banna, Hassan al-, 39, 40, 41, 42
Barak, Aharon, 219–20
Barbarossa, 57
Barbera wine, 198, 273
Barisha, Sali, 243
Basilica di Sant’Ambrogio, 13
Battelli, Gianfranco, 237
Begin, Menachem, 140
Beirut, 77
Belgium, 103, 231
Gladio in, 217
Belgrade, Serbia, 229, 274
Bellini, Gianmarco, 223
Benjamin, Jean-Marie, 89–90
Ben Soltane, Adel, 89
Bergamo, Italy, 122
Berlusconi, Silvio, 57, 220–21, 226, 234, 235, 237, 240, 242, 272
Best Western Hotel Blaise & Francis, 168, 177
Bible, 53, 68
Bill (German shepherd), 219
bin Laden, Osama, 51, 52, 62, 64, 67, 69, 88, 103
Blind Sheikh (Omar Abdel-Rahman), 62–63, 64
Bologna, Italy, 213, 217, 224, 225
bombs, 70–71
Borghese, Prince Junio Valerio, 210–11
Bosnia, 83, 107
Bosnian War, 64–71, 78, 80–81, 100
Boston Red Sox, 194, 195
bounty hunters, 73
Brahim, 110
Brandt, Willy, 207
Braschi, Fort, 225, 226, 234
Brasco, Donnie, 18
Brazil, 257
Breda, 57
Brescia, Italy, 122, 217, 234
Bridges, Ruby, 218
Brigate Rosse, see Red Brigades
Brunner, Alois, 145
Brussels, 192
Bulgaria, 106
Bush, George H. W., 77, 147, 195
Bush, George W., 89, 147, 220, 234–35, 274, 275
Bush (G. W.) administration, CIA agents not extradited by, 221
Byzantium, 91
Cairo, 36, 69, 90, 114, 165–66, 193, 196, 198, 234, 245
Calabria, Italy, 16, 174, 176
caliphate, 102
Cameron, Ewen D., 140–41
Canada, 70, 140–42
Canadian Psychiatric Association, 141
Canary Islands, Spain, 195
Cannistraro, Vincent, 237
Cape Cod, 258–59
Carabinieri, 16–17, 32, 33, 98–99, 221
considered as target of terrorism, 84
de Lorenzo in, 209
derivation of name of, 16
foot patrols of, 17
Gladio’s terrorism covered up by, 204, 207
Lady’s relationship with, 197
Ludwig’s job at, 229
noms de guerre used in, 17–18
suspicion of CIA involvement in Abu Omar’s kidnapping by, 227–29
Carabinieri (continued)
terrorism against, 203–4
Timofte investigated by, 182
Carrera, Lorenzo Gabriel, 187, 198
Carthaginians, 56–57
Casson, Felice, 203–4, 214–15
Castalado, Eliana Isabella, 185, 188–89, 198, 260–61
Castellano, Victor, 185, 198, 258, 259–60
Castelli, Jeff:
acquittal of, 273
arrest warrant for, 237, 238
CIA quit by, 269–70
D’Ambrosio allegedly pushed out of service by, 226–27
De Sousa’s lawsuit against, 274
Pignero’s discussion on renditions with, 230, 231
renditions proposed by, 222–24, 235, 237, 271
Castro, Fidel, 257
Catholic Action, 205
Catholic Church, 40
cat-o’-nine-tails, 132, 133
Celts, 56, 134
Central Directorate for Anti-Terrorism Police, 121
Channing, Drew Carlyle, 184, 198
charities, 99, 244
Charles I, King of England, 74
Chechnya, 71, 81, 103, 105
Chicago, Ill., 219
Chicago Tribune, 243–45
Chiesa di Valmalenco, Italy, 189
Chile, 73, 257
China, 24, 59
Christian Democratic Party, 171, 205–6, 207, 209, 212
Churchill, Winston, 145
Church of the Most Holy Name of Jesus, 61
CIA, 18
Abu Omar’s alleged work for, 243–45
on Abu Omar’s disappearance, 121, 234, 237–38
Abu Talal investigated by, 78–79
as aware of Spataro’s investigation, 199–200
Carabinieri’s suspicion of, 227–28
Counterterrorism Center of, 237
covert operations outsourced by, 201
farecards reused by, 180
FBI’s collaboration with, 76–77
Gladio created and supported by, 204, 207, 208–9, 215, 217
headquarters of, 228–29
Italian coups considered by, 209, 211
Italian elections and, 204–8
Lady’s joining of, 197
and leads given by Abu Omar, 228
Mancini’s alleged offer to spy for, 225
Massimo contacted by, 22–23, 26
mobile phones reused by, 190
Piazza Fontana bombing allegedly supported by, 211, 216
post–September 11 growth in missions of, 194, 201
protected identity of agents of, 255–68
recklessness of, 201–2
secret jets needed by, 194, 195
and Security Directive on capturing terrorists, 76
Soviet Union feared by, 204–5
Spataro’s indictments of agents of, 198, 218, 220, 229
torture by, 138, 140–42, 143–47
see also extraordinary renditions; SIMs; specific agents
Ciise, Maxamed Cabdullah (Mohammad the Somali), 109–12
Clarke, Richard, 77, 286
Clinton, Bill, 75, 77–78, 79, 146, 147
Coachmen Enterprises, 188, 261
Coello, Martha, 197
Colby, William, 206
Cold War, 138, 193, 204–5, 211–12
Cole, Matthew, 270–71
Collins, Shirley, 73
colonialism, in Egypt, 36–37, 39
Communism, 53, 204
Communist Party, Italy, 204–5, 206, 208–9, 211–12, 214, 215
Como, Italy, 108, 120, 175
Congress, U.S., 205
Congressional Quarterly, 268–69
Connecticut, 137
Constitution, Italian, 204, 207, 240
Constitution, U.S., 218, 257
Constitutional Court, Italian, 241, 242, 273
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie, 25
Coptic Church, 36, 44, 46
Cormano, Italy, 177–79, 181, 184
Corniche, 37
Corriere della Sera, 27, 238
Corso Vittorio Emanuele II, 15
Cremona, Italy, 108, 120
Crewdson, John, 243
Croatia, 64, 65, 66, 72, 79, 81
Croce Viola, 117, 120
Crusades, 91
Curcio, Renato, 171
Cutler, Lloyd, 77
Cyprus, 77
Czaska, Susan, 199–200
Czech Republic, 195
dabet, 92
D’Ambrosio, Stefano, 221–27, 230
Dambruoso, Stefano, 119–21, 169, 174, 233
death sentences, 137
Defense Department, U.S., torture by, 138, 139, 141, 143
de Lorenzo, Giovanni, 209–10, 234
Delta Sky Miles, 189
Denmark, 71–72, 78–79, 217
departure logs, 192
depatterning, 140–41
De Sousa, Sabrina, 181, 187, 199, 200, 224, 237, 268–69, 273, 274
Digilio, Carlo, 215–16
DIGOS (Divisione Investigazioni Generali e Operazioni Speciali; Division of General Investigations and Special Operations):
Abu Omar investigated by, 19, 20, 93–107, 108, 109, 112, 120, 222, 270
and Abu Omar’s disappearance, 113, 115–19, 120–21, 161–65, 180–90, 193, 229, 234, 237–38
Abu Saleh surveilled by, 87, 88, 89
alleged involvement in kidnapping, 233
Aviano Air Base flights investigated by, 176, 179, 180, 181–82, 191–92, 193
Farina’s phone tapped by, 233
hotel registries investigated by, 184, 185–86, 188–89, 200
Ladys’ residence visited by, 198
Operation Sphinx of, 68–71, 80, 82, 97, 120
phone logs investigated by, 121, 168–69
Pompa’s phone tapped by, 233–34
Shaaban’s phone tapped by, 68, 70
SIMs investigated by, 176–78, 179, 180–88, 190, 193, 229–30, 236
Diners Club, 188
diplomatic corps, 190
document forging, 68–69, 81, 86, 87, 99, 109
Double Eagles, 194
drug dealing, 77
Drug Enforcement Agency, U.S., 73–74, 219
drug trafficking, 174
Duffin, John Kevin, 184, 185, 188, 198
Dulles, Allen, 212
Dulles International Airport, 195, 196
Durrell, Lawrence, 37
Easto, Jessica, 256, 264
Egypt, 35–49, 51, 59, 82, 103, 118, 176
Abdel-Rahman’s expulsion from, 62
Abu Talal in custody of, 79–80
Achille Lauro hijacking and, 75
CIA torture training in, 145–47
colonialism in, 36–37, 39
corruption in, 38–40, 44
education in, 44
Israel’s peace with, 43, 146
Israel’s wars with, 42, 43
judges in, 165
Muslim Brotherhood’s desire to change government of, 41, 42–43
Nasser’s coup in, 38, 39
Omar’s fleeing from, 49–50, 54, 61
Ottoman invasion of, 36
political repression in, 42, 43–44, 48, 51, 72
prisons of, 43–44, 131–33, 148–50; see also Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), imprisonment of
socialist experiment in, 38, 42, 43
terrorism in, 42, 45–46, 48
torture methods of, 131–33
U.S. aid to, 146
Egyptian Jihad, see Jihad (organization)
Eichmann, Adolf, 145
Eikonoklastes (Milton), 74
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 145, 146
Elbadry, Mohammed Reda, 161, 163–64, 174, 175–76, 192, 193
elections, Italian:
of 1948, 204–6
of 1953, 206
of 1958, 206
of 1963, 206, 209
electroconvulsive shocks, 140–41
Eliot, T. S., 18
Encyclopædia Britannica, 74
Engels, Friedrich, 114
England, 104
Enlightenment, 137
Ethiopia, 44–45, 59, 79
Euclid, 35
Eurocontrol, 192, 193
Europa and Regina, 189
European Union, 218
Expedia, 199
extortion, 174
extraordinary renditions, 72, 78
of Abu Talal, 78–82
CIA’s outsourcing of, 201
of innocent men, 240, 248
of Krekar, 189–90
Mancini and Pignero’s discussion of, 230–32
Mubarak and, 146–47
Obama’s task force on, 274–75
post–September 11 increase in, 194, 201
see also Abu Omar (Osama Mustafa Hassan Nasr), kidnapping of; renditions
F-16s, 191, 192
falanga, 131, 133
Falck, 57
Faldo, Vincent, 187, 198
Fanfani, Amintore, 210
Farina, Renato, 233–35
indictment of, 235
Faruk, King of Egypt, 38, 42
Fascists, Italian, 31, 207, 210, 214, 220
Fascists, Japanese, 210
Fawzan, John, 80
Fazzo, Luca, 271–73
FBI, 18, 19, 65, 76–77, 88, 219, 259
Federal Aviation Administration, 194
FIAT, 212
Final Solution, 205
Finance Guard, 17
First Amendment, 257
Fizazi, Mohammed al-, 287
Flaubert, Gustave, 37
Force 9, 103
forced standing, 138–39
Ford, Gerald, 256
Fort Braschi, 225, 226, 234
France, 24, 103, 136–37, 217
Frankfurt, Germany, 190
Frederick the Great, 138
frequent-flyer numbers, 189, 201
Fronte Nazionale, 210
Front Line, 171, 173, 220
G8 summit, 88
galabia, 20, 92, 116, 125
Gallarate, Italy, 113, 120
Galli, Guido, 171–73
Gamaa al-Islamiyya, al- (Islam Group), 61, 62, 63, 64, 69, 155, 243, 244
Abu Omar’s association with, 48–49
Abu Talal as leader of, 71
in Albanian charities, 53
assassination of Mubarak attempted by, 44–45
education reforms pushed by, 44
Mubarak’s détente with, 45, 46, 166
organization of, 45
terrorism by, 45–46, 48
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 29
gas canisters, 70, 71
Gauls, 134
Geneva, Switzerland, 199
Genoa, Italy, 88
Germany, 55–56, 61, 84, 104, 105, 134, 136, 138, 145, 217, 244
Ghali, Nabila, 93, 112, 113, 120–21, 161–65, 167, 174, 175–76, 192, 193, 238–39, 242, 247–48, 252, 275
Ghedi, Italy, 223
Ghriba, Tunisia, 94
Giorgio, 28–29
Giornale, Il, 271
Gladios, 207–8, 211
alleged involvement in terrorist bombings, 204, 207, 214–15, 217
CIA support for, 204, 207, 208–9, 215, 217
creation of, 204, 207
international scope of, 217
magistracy’s investigation of, 214–15
NATO’s support for, 208, 217
Glina, Marsela, 53, 55–56, 228
Goldenrod, Operation, 77
Gore, Al, 77–78
Goths, 57
GQ, 251, 252, 270
Grand Canal, 189
Grand Hotel Baglioni, 185
Great Britain, 202, 251
Gladio in, 217
as target of terrorism, 90
Great Mosque of Rome, 99
Greece, 133, 135
Gladio in, 217
Ground Zero, 228
Groupe Islamique Armé (GIA), 69
Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, 90, 195
Guatemala, 201, 257
guerrilla warfare, 207
Guerzoni, Giuseppe, 29
Guevara, Che, 47
Gulfstream IV, 193, 195–96
Gulf War, 223
Gurley, John Thomas, 187, 198
hadith, 35
Muslim Brotherhood’s adherence to strict interpretation of, 39, 40, 41
Hale, Nathan, 202
Hamburg, Germany, 287
Hammadi (Bouyahia Hammadi Ben Abdelaziz), 93–94
Hannibal, 56
Harbaugh, Raymond, 185, 188, 189, 198
Harbison, James Thomas, 184–85, 188, 198
Harty, Ben Amar, 183, 188–89, 198
Hassan, 35, 94
Hassanein, Hayam Abdelmoneim Mohamed, 118–19
Hebrews, 134
Helmy, Arman Ahmed El Hissini, see Abu Imad
Hendrix, Jimi, 223
Herculaneum, Italy, 85
Herodotus, 89
heroin, 141
Herophilos, 35
Hilton
Hotel, 185–86
Hilton HHonors, 189
Hindus, 134
Hitler, Adolf, 193, 205
Hizb al-Tawid, 104
Hizb ut-Tahrir, 102, 104, 107
Honduras, 196, 200, 271
Hopper, Edward, 219
Hotel al-Rashid, 109
Hotel Danieli, 189
Hotel del Golfo, 185
Hotel Hassler, 205
Human Relief and Construction Agency, 53, 243
Hussein, Saddam, 189, 234–35
Ibanez, Brenda Liliana, 185, 198
Inside the Company: CIA Diary (Agee), 256–57
Intelligence Identities Protection Act (1975), 256–57
Inter Milan, 236
Internazionale, L’, 114
Interpol, 220–21
Iran, 24, 43, 90, 111, 145
CIA agents imprisoned and executed in, 201
Iraq, 189
in Gulf War, 223
terrorism in, 108–9, 245, 251
2003 U.S. invasion of, 108, 112, 189–90, 191, 245
Islam, 39, 40–41, 43, 47, 64
Islamic Brigade, 65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 80–81
Islamic Community in Italy, see Via Quaranta mosque
Islamic Cultural Institute, see Viale Jenner mosque
Islamic Jihad, 43, 44, 45, 48, 52, 53, 69, 81, 109, 243
Islamic Media Center, 107–8
Islamic Truth, 107–8
Islamists, Islamism, 43–44, 64, 250
see also Society of Muslim Brothers
Israel, 24, 42, 43, 62, 81, 95, 102, 108, 111, 145, 146
“Italian terrorism” (document), 175
Italy:
Abu Omar granted asylum in, 92
airport takeoff protocol from, 192
campaigns against leftists in, 204–12
CIA’s history in, 204–8
constitution of, 204, 207, 240
coup threats in, 209–10
criminal investigations in, 119–20
elections in, 204–6, 209
Gladio weapons caches found in, 204, 208, 215
leftists in, 213–14, 216
phone tap laws in, 67–68
postwar industry in, 57
rivalry among police forces in, 17
targeting of by Milan terrorist networks, 83–84
terrorism in, 169, 170–72, 173, 203–4, 212–13, 214–17
Italy (continued)
trials of terrorists in, 172, 173–74
Japan, 195, 210
Jenkins, Anne Linda, 184, 198
Jenner, Edward, 85
Jesuit Center of Rome, 61
Jews, 35, 44, 46, 93, 99, 101, 145
jihad (holy war), 19, 51, 52, 64–65, 70, 86, 88, 103, 175
Jihad (organization), see Islamic Jihad
Jihadia, Operation, 87
jihad manuals, 83
Jordan, 42, 49–50, 51, 71, 147, 195
in 1967 war, 42
jumuah, 113, 114, 118
Justice Department, U.S., 269, 275
Kabul, Afghanistan, 247
Kamel, Fateh, 70, 71, 81
Katilea, 106
Kentucky, 141
Kenya, 67
Ker, Frederick, 72
Ker-Frisbie doctrine, 73–74, 75, 76
Ker v. Illinois, 73
KGB, 138–40