The Invasion of Canada

by Pierre Berton

  126 Ibid.

  127 Quaife, War, p. 97.

  128 Ibid.; Quaife, “Brownstown,” p. 75.

  129 Quaife, “Brownstown,” p. 77.

  130 Quaife, War, pp. 103–5.

  131 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, pp. 139–41, Hull to SW, 13 Aug. 1812.

  132 Hull, Report, pp. 107–8.

  133 Pearkes, p. 459.

  134 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 136, Procter to Brock, 11 Aug. 1812; p. 141, return of killed and wounded at Maguaga; p. 140, Hull to SW, 13 Aug. 1812.

  135 Ibid., p. 195, Brock to Liverpool, 29 Aug. 1812, enclosure A.

  136 Ibid., p. 192.

  137 Ibid., pp. 130–31, Macdonald to Cameron, 10 Aug. 1812; Wood, 533, Askin Journal.

  138 Wood, I: 535, Askin Journal; Pearkes, p. 459.

  139 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 193, Brock to Liverpool, 29 Aug. 1812.

  140 Tupper, p. 259.

  141 Wood, I: 534–35, Askin Journal; p. 548, McCay Diary.

  142 Tupper, p. 243.

  143 Ibid.

  144 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 192, Brock to Liverpool, 29 Aug. 1812.

  145 Tupper, p. 262.

  146 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 264.

  147 Tupper, pp. 260–61.

  148 Nursey, p. 118; Tupper, p. 244.

  149 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 265; Nursey, pp. 118–19.

  150 Tupper, p. 245.

  151 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 142, District General Order, 14 Aug. 1812.

  152 Hull, Report, p. 135.

  153 Lucas, Journal, pp. 59–60.

  154 Cramer, p. 132; Van Deusen, P. 579.

  155 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 137, Cass to Meigs, 12 Aug. 1812; p. 219, Cass to SW, 10 Sept. 1812.

  156 Ibid., p. 138.

  157 Lossing, Field-book, p. 285.

  158 Quaife, Askin Papers, p. 730, John Askin Jr. to John Askin Sr., 16 Sept. 1812.

  159 Hull, Report, Hull’s defence, p. 85.

  160 Richardson, Richardson’s War, pp. 49–51; Hull, Report, p. 82.

  161 Lucas, Journal, p. 62.

  162 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the invasion, p. 144, Brock to Hull, 15 Aug. 1812.

  163 Ibid., pp. 144–45, Hull to Brock, 15 Aug. 1812.

  164 Hull, Report, pp. 35–36.

  165 Ibid., p. 150.

  166 Lossing, Field-book, p. 287.

  167 Ibid.

  168 Witherell, p. 304.

  169 Ibid., p. 303.

  170 Hull, Report, p. 89.

  171 Ibid., pp. 36–37.

  172 Ibid., p. 89.

  173 Lossing, Field-book, p. 285; Byfield, p. 65.

  174 Quaife, War, p. 108.

  175 Wood, I: 536.

  176 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 158, Brock to Prevost, 17 Aug. 1812; p. 187, Hull to SW, 26 Aug. 1812; pp. 219–20, Cass to SW, 10 Sept. 1812.

  177 Wood, I: 536.

  178 Ibid., p. 550, McCay Diary, 16 Aug. 1812.

  179 Richardson, Richardson’s War, P. 55.

  180 Tupper, p. 260.

  181 Clarke, p. 455.

  182 Ibid., p. 456.

  183 Richardson, Richardson’s War, P. 55.

  184 Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 281.

  185 Hull, Report, pp. 90–91; Clarke, P. 450.

  186 Hull, Report, p. 163.

  187 Ibid.

  188 Hatch, p. 42.

  189 Lucas, Journal, pp. 63–64; Hatch, p. 42; Lossing, Fieldbook, p. 288.

  190 Hull, Report, pp. 39–40, 93.

  191 Lossing, Field-book, p. 289.

  192 Hull, Report, p. 99.

  193 Ibid., pp. 37–39, 99

  194 Ibid., p. 92.

  195 Ibid.

  196 Ibid., p. 45; Lossing, Field-book, p. 289.

  197 PAC, RG 19 E5(a), vol. 3749, no. 754.

  198 Wood, I: 537, Askin Journal.

  199 Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 284.

  200 Hull, Report, p. 99.

  201 Ibid., pp. 39, 109.

  202 Wood, I: 538, Askin Journal.

  203 Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 285; Lucas, Journal, pp. 67–68; Walker, 16 Aug. 1812; Woodford, pp. 70–71; Hull, Report, p. 46.

  204 Clarke, p. 453.

  205 Wood, I: $38, Askin Journal; Walker, 16 Aug. 1812.

  206 Richardson, Richardson’s War, pp. 57–58.

  207 Ibid., p. 58.

  208 Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” p. 290.

  209 Wood, I: $40–41, Askin Journal; Tupper, p. 290, Nichol to Brock, 2$ Aug. 1812; Kosche, pp. 56 58; James, I: 291–92.

  210 Richardson, Richardson’s War, P. 58.

  211 Tupper, p. 262.

  212 Hull, Report, p. 103.

  213 Lossing, “Hull’s Surrender,” p. 20.

  214 Cruikshank, Documents Relating to the Invasion, p. 214, Cochran to his mother, 13 Sept. 1812.

  215 Lossing, “Hull’s Surrender,” p. 20.

  216 Woodford, pp. 70–71.

  217 Williams, pp. 33–3$.

  218 Lucas, Journal, pp. 68–71.

  219 Read, p. 158.

  220 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 274; Draper MSS, Tecumseh Papers, 5YY, p. 57.

  221 Drake, p. 227.

  222 Witherell, pp. 315–17.

  223 Tucker, Tecumseh, p. 273.

  224 PAC, CO 42/150/112, Prevost to Bathurst, encl. return of ordnance; Cruikshank, “General Hull’s Invasion,” pp. 286–87.

  225 PAO, Hiram Walker Museum Collection, 20–287.

  226 Hull, Memoirs, passim.; Hull, Report, passim.

  Chicago

  1 Kirkland, p. 84.

  2 Quaife, Chicago, p. 216, Hull to Heald, 29 July 1812.

  3 Ibid., p. 225.

  4 Ibid., p. 216.

  5 Ibid., pp. 226–29.

  6 Ibid., p. 228.

  7 Kirkland, p. 69.

  8 Quaife, Chicago, pp. 229–30.

  9 Ibid., pp. 232–34.

  10 Ibid., pp. 241–42.

  11 Richardson, Wau-nan-gee, p. 126.

  12 Quaife, Chicago, pp. 235–36.

  13 Ibid., p. 252.

  14 Ibid., pp. 254–55.

  15 Ibid., pp. 247–51.

  16 Ibid., pp. 261–62.

  Queenston Heights

  1 Bonney, p. 207.

  2 Ibid.

  3 USNA, M6/5, SW to Dearborn, 15 Aug. 1812.

  4 Bonney, p. 204; Van Rensselaer, p. 10.

  5 Bonney, pp. 198–99, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Tompkins, 23 July 1812; p. 199, Lovett to Alexander, 23 July 1812.

  6 Quoted in Irwin, p. 148.

  7 Bonney, p. 209, Lovett to Alexander, n.d.

  8 Ibid., p. 211.

  9 Ibid., p. 209.

  10 Ibid., p. 247, Solomon Van Rensselaer to his wife, 10 Oct. 1812.

  11 Ibid., p. 207, Lovett to Alexander, 16 Aug. 1812.

  12 Ibid., p. 200, Lovett to Alexander, 23 July 1812.

  13 Ibid., p. 230, Lovett to Alexander, 8 Sept. 1812.

  14 Ibid., p. 229, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Sept. 1812.

  15 Ibid., pp. 202–3, Lovett to Alexander, 29 July 1812.

  16 Ibid., p. 202, Lovett to Alexander, 29 July 1812.

  17 Ibid., p. 200, Lovett to Alexander, 23 July 1812.

  18 Ibid., p. 203, Lovett to Alexander, 29 July 1812.

  19 Ibid., p. 206, Lovett to Alexander, 14 Aug. 1812.

  20 Ibid., p. 196.

  21 Ibid., p. 196, Lovett to Alexander, 20 July 1812.

  22 Ibid., p. 201.

  23 Ibid., p. 208, Lovett to Alexander, 16 Aug. 1812.

  24 Ibid., p. 208, Lovett to Alexander, 16 Aug. 1812.

  25 Ibid., p. 209, Lovett to [Alexander], 17 Aug. 1812.

  26 Ibid., p. 209.

  27 Irwin, p. 149.

  28 Quoted in Irwin, p. 149, Hall to Tompkins, 9 July 1812.

  29 Ibid., p. 149, Brown to Tompkins, 2$ June 1812.

 
; 30 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 223–24, Porter to Tompkins, 30 Aug. 1812.

  31 Bonney, p. 210.

  32 Ibid., pp. 210–11.

  33 Wood, I: $87, Brock to Prevost, 7 Sept. 1812.

  34 Bonney, p. 229, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Sept. 1812.

  35 Wood, I: $98, Evans report, 19 Aug. 1812.

  36 Bonney, pp. 224–2$, Solomon Van Rensselaer to his wife, I Sept. 1812; p. 228, Harriet Van Rensselaer to her husband, 6 Sept. 1812.

  37 Ibid., p. 211, Solomon Van Rensselaer to his wife, 21 Aug. 1812, p. 227, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Van Vechten, $ Sept. 1812.

  38 Ibid., p. 247, Solomon Van Rensselaer to his wife, 10 Oct. 1812.

  39 Ibid., p. 231, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Lewis, 11 Sept. 1812.

  40 Ibid.

  41 Ibid., p. 227, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Van Vechten, $ Sept. 1812.

  42 Ibid., p. 231, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Lewis, 11 Sept. 1812.

  43 Ibid.

  44 Tupper, p. 293.

  45 Ibid.

  46 Ibid., p. 280, Brock to his brothers, 16 Aug. 1812.

  47 Ibid., pp. iio-ii, Brock to Savery Brock, 7 Oct. 1811; pp. 112–13, Brock to Irving Brock, 30 Oct. 1811.

  48 Ibid., p. 113, Brock to Irving Brock, 30 Oct. 1811.

  49 Ibid., pp. 284–8$, Brock to his brothers, 3 Sept. 1812.

  50 Ibid.

  51 Ibid., p. 286, Brock to his brothers, 3 Sept. 1812.

  52 Ibid., p. 287, Sewell to Brock, 3 Sept. 1812.

  53 Ibid., p. 287, Maitland to Brock, 8 Oct. 1812.

  54 Ibid., p. 28$, Powell to Brock, 27 Aug. 1812.

  55 Ibid., p. 284, Brock to his brothers, 3 Sept. 1812.

  56 Ibid., p. 301.

  57 Ibid., p. 28$, Brock to his brothers, 3 Sept. 1812.

  58 Ibid., p. 300, Baynes to Brock, 13 Aug. 1812.

  59 Ibid., p. 299.

  60 Wood, I: 587, Brock to Prevost, 7 Sept. 1812.

  61 Ibid., pp. 586–87.

  62 Ibid., p. 587.

  63 Ibid.

  64 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 271–73, Brock to Procter, 17 Sept. 1812; Wood, I: 593, Brock to Prevost, 18 Sept. 1812.

  65 Wood, I: 593, Brock to Prevost, 18 Sept. 1812. 216 31 Ibid., p. 593; Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 36–37, Prevost to Bathurst, 5 Oct. 1812.

  66 Wood, I: 596, Brock to Prevost, 28 Sept. 1812.

  67 Tupper, p. 316, Brock to Savery Brock, 18 Sept. 1812.

  68 Ibid., p. 325, Prevost to Brock, 25 Sept. 1812.

  69 Ibid.

  70 Ibid., p. 314, Brock to Prevost, 18 Sept. 1812.

  71 Ibid., pp. 315–16, Brock to Savery Brock, 18 Sept. 1812.

  72 Ibid., p. 316.

  73 Wood, I: 588–89, Brock to Prevost, 13 Sept. 1812.

  74 Tupper, p. 316, Brock to Savery Brock, 18 Sept. 1812.

  75 PAC, RG 8, vol. 677, p. 131, note signed “Winfield Scott,” Nov. 1863.

  76 Wood, I: 588–89, Brock to Prevost, 18 Sept. 1812.

  77 Tupper, p. 317, Brock to Savery Brock, 18 Sept. 1812.

  78 Ibid., pp. 316–17.

  79 Bonney, p. 221, Lovett to Van Vechten, 28 Aug. 1812.

  80 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 227, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Tompkins, 31 Aug. 1812.

  81 Tompkins, III. 105, Tompkins to Porter, 9 Sept. 1812. 220 23 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 223–24, Porter to Tompkins, 30 Aug. 1812.

  81a Bonney, p. 228, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Sept. 1812.

  82 Ibid., p. 239, Lovett to Van Vechten, 8 Sept. 1812.

  83 USNA, M221/43/D130, Dearborn to SW, 15 Aug. 1812.

  84 USNA, M221/43/D154, Dearborn to SW, 22 Aug. 1812.

  85 USNA, M221/43, Dearborn to SW, 14 Sept. 1812.

  86 USNA, M221/43/D145, encl. Wadsworth, 26 Aug. 1812 (extract).

  87 USNA, M221/43/D146, Dearborn to SW, 4 Sept. 1812.

  88 USNA, M221/43/D158, Dearborn to SW, 8 Sept. 1812.

  89 USNA, M221/43, Dearborn to SW, 14 Sept. 1812.

  90 Bonney, p. 231, Solomon Van Rensselaer to Lewis, 11 Sept. 1812.

  91 Ibid.

  92 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 264–65, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Tompkins, 15 Sept. 1812.

  93 Bonney, p. 233, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, 17 Sept. 1812; p. 236, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Tompkins, 17 Sept. 1812.

  94 Ibid., p. 237, Lovett to Alexander, 22 Sept. 1812; p. 242, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Oct. 1812.

  95 Ibid., pp. 242–43, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Oct. 1812.

  96 Ibid., p. 228, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Sept. 1812.

  97 Ibid., p. 243, Lovett to Alexander, 6 Oct. 1812.

  98 Cruikshank, Documentary History, III: 295–96, Dearborn to Stephen Van Rensselaer, 26 Sept. 1812.

  99 Ibid., p. 296.

  100 Ibid.

  101 Ibid., p. 300, Smyth to Stephen Van Rensselaer, 29 Sept. 1812.

  102 Van Rensselaer, p. 18.

  103 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 41, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, 8 Oct. 1812.

  104 Ibid.

  105 Ibid.

  106 Ibid., p. 42.

  107 Bonney, p. 242, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Smyth, 5 Oct. 1812.

  108 Ibid., p. 242, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Smyth, 6 Oct. 1812.

  109 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 79, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Eustis, 14 Oct. 1812.

  110 Severance, p. 218.

  111 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 41, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Dearborn, 8 Oct. 1812.

  112 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 45, Elliott to SN, 9 Oct. 1812.

  113 Roach, p. 132.

  114 Ibid., pp. 132–33.

  115 Ibid., p. 134.

  116 Ibid., pp. 134–35; Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 52, Hall to Stephen Van Rensselaer, 10 Oct. 1812; p. 54, inquiry on loss of Detroit.

  117 Richardson, Richardson’s War, PP. 50–51.

  118 Wood, I: 601–3, Brock to Prevost, 11 Oct. 1812; Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 60–62, quoting Buffalo Gazette, 13 Oct. 1812.

  119 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 60–62, quoting Buffalo Gazette, 13 Oct. 1812, pp. 45–47, Elliott to SN, 9 Oct. 1812,10 Oct. 1812; Elliott, pp. 51–53.

  120 Wood, I: 601–3, Brock to Prevost, 11 Oct. 1812.

  121 Ibid.

  122 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 80–81, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Eustis, 14 Oct. 1812; Van Rensselaer, pp. 21–23.

  123 Bonney, p. 249

  124 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 60, Fenwick to Stephen Van Rensselaer, undated.

  125 Ibid., p. 81, Stephen VanRensselaer to Eustis, 14 Oct.1812.

  126 Bonney, p. 251, Van Vechten to Solomon Van Rensselaer, 12 Oct.1812.

  127 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 81, Stephen Van Rensselaer to Eustis, 14 Oct. 1812.

  128 Bonney, p. 271, Lovett to VanVechten, 21 Oct. 1812.

  129 PAC, MG 24 F70, Thomas Evans to ?, 15 Oct. 1812.

  130 bid.

  131 Scott, pp. 56–57.

  132 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 96, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  133 Ibid., p. 96; p. 81, Stephen VanRensselaer to Eustis, 14 Oct.1812.

  134 Scott, pp. 56–57; Elliott, p. 57;Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 96, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  135 Bonney, p. 279, Lovett to Alexander, 4 Nov. 1812; Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV:93, Col. Meade’s statement, 18Nov. 1812.

  136 Bonney, p. 266, Lovett to Alexander, 14 Oct. 1812.

  137 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 103, (J.B. Robinson] to?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  138 Stubbs, pp. 24–25.

  139 Bonney, p. 266, Lovett to Alexander, 14 Oct. 1812.

  140 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 96–97, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  141 Van Rensselaer, pp. 28–29.

  142 Ibid., p. 29.

  143 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 98, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  144 Cruikshank, “Letters of 1812,” pp. 45–47, C. Askin to J. Askin,14 Oct.
1812.

  145 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 98, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  146 Bonney, pp. 275–76, Lovett to Alexander, 2 Nov. 1812

  147 Ibid., p. 272, Wool to Solomon Van Rensselaer, 23 Oct. 1812; pp. 267–68, Lovett to Alexander, 14 Oct. 1812; Crooks, p. 40.

  148 Bonney, p. 272, Wool to Solomon Van Rensselaer, 23 Oct. 1812.

  149 Nursey, pp. 158–59.

  150 Robinson, p. 34, Robinson to ?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  151 Ibid., p. 104.

  152 Wood, I: 605–8, Sheaffe to Prevost, 13 Oct. 1812.

  153 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 116, Jarvis narrative.

  154 Ibid.

  155 Fortescue, p. 540.

  156 Elliott, p. 61.

  157 Canadian War Museum, Brock uniform; Elliott, p. 61; Kosche, pp. 33–56.

  158 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 116, Jarvis narrative.

  159 Robinson, p. 35, Robinson to ?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  160 Ibid., p. 36.

  161 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 105, IJ.B. Robinson! to ?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  162 Ibid., p. 116, Jarvis narrative. Ibid.

  163 Robinson, pp. 36–37, Robinson to ?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  164 p. 115, McLean narrative, from Quebec Mercury, 27 Oct. 1812.

  165 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 115, McLean narrative, from Quebec Mercury, 27 Oct. 1812.

  166 Ibid., p. 115.

  167 Ibid.

  168 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 101, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813.

  169 Elliott, pp. 63–64.

  170 Scott, pp. 59–60.

  171 Ibid., p. 60; Wood, III, part 2, p. 560, Merritt Journal.

  172 Elliott, p. 65.

  173 Fortescue, p. 54.

  174 Bonney, p. 267, Lovett to Van Vechten, 14 Oct. 1812.

  175 Scott, p. 60.

  176 Crooks, pp. 32–33.

  177 Ibid., pp. 33–34.

  178 Ibid., p. 34.

  179 Zaslow, pp. 39–40.

  180 Norton, pp. 306–8.

  181 Johnston, p. 101–2.

  182 Wood, III, part 2, p. 561, Merritt Journal.

  183 Crooks, p. 36.

  184 Ibid.

  185 Elliott, p. 65.

  186 Crooks, p. 37.

  187 Ibid.

  188 Elliott, p. 66.

  189 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 102–3, Chrystie to Cushing, 22 Feb. 1813; Scott, pp. 60–61; Robinson, pp. 37–38, Robinson to ?, 14 Oct. 1812.

  190 Scott, pp. 61–62.

  191 Elliott, p. 67; Scott, p. 62.

  192 Scott, pp. 62–63.

  193 Zaslow, p. 43.

  194 Elliott, p. 67.

  195 Cruikshank, Documentary History, IV: 74, return, 15 Oct. 1812.

  196 Stubbs, pp. 25–29.