The Life of Samuel Johnson

by James Boswell

  Cecil, Colonel, friend of Colonel T. Prendergast: 357

  Centlivre, Susannah (1667?–1723), actress and dramatist of Whiggish sympathies: 767

  Cervantes, Saavedra, Miguel de (1547–1616): 459, 519

  Chalmers, George (1742–1825), antiquary and broadly Tory political writer; author of Annals of the Present United Colonies (1780), Introduction to the History of the Revolt of the Colonies (1782) and Caledonia (1807–24, a regional survey of Scotland); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1791); fellow of the Royal Society (1791): 87 n. d

  Chamberlayne, Edward (d. 1782), Secretary of the Treasury: 817 1156

  Chamberlayne, Revd George (1739–1815): 922

  Chambers, Catherine (1708–67), Mrs Johnson’s servant: 285

  Chambers, Ephraim (d. 1740), encyclopaedist; published Proposalsfor acyclopae-dia that S.J. later claimed ‘formed his style’ (1726); published Cyclopaedia in 1728; fellow of the Royal Society (1729); dubbed byDean Stanley as the ‘Father of Cyclopaedias’: 81, 122

  Chambers, Sir Robert (1737–1803), jurist and judge; friend of S.J.’s; won Vinerian scholarship at Oxford University with letter of recommendation from S.J. (1758); became the twelfth memberof the Literary Club (1768); second judge in Bengal (1774); knighted by patent (1777); president of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (1797); Chief Justice of Bengal (1791): 148–9, 179 and n. c, 198, 252, 276, 287, 400–402, 406, 408, 530, 801 and n. a, 802, 953

  Chambers, SirWilliam (1726–96), architect;first European tostudy Chinese archi-tecturefirsthand; refined English Palladianism; authorofTreatise on Civil Architecture (1759) and Designs of Chinese Buildings, Furniture, Dresses, Machines and Utensils (1757); architect to Princess Augusta at Kew (1757); fellow of the Royal Society (1776); spent final years dedicated to project at Somerset House (1775–95): 14, 867–8, 867 and n. a, 825

  Chamier, Anthony (1725–80), under-secretary of State: 251, 563, 586, 640, 660

  Chandler, Dr Samuel (1693–1766), Nonconformist divine: 617 n.a

  Chapone, Hester (n e´ eMulso) (1727–1801), writer; admired byS.J., who quoted a stanza of ‘To Stella’ to illustrate ‘quatrain’ in his Dictionary; close friend of Samuel Richardson; author of Letters on the Improvement of the Mind (1773) and mouthpiece of female authority, marriage rights and sexual fulfilment: 113, 898–9

  Chappe d’Auteroche, Jean (1722–69), astronomer: 707

  Charlemont, JamesCaufield, 1stEarlof (1728–99), politician; partofartistic circle in Rome that included Sir Joshua Reynolds, Robert Adam and William Chambers; follower of Pitt; raised to earl in Irish peerage (1763); captain of the first Armaghcompany(1779);keyfigureintheWhigClubfoundedinIreland(1789); founder member and president of the Royal Irish Academy (1785): 252, 385, 714–15, 807, 808

  Charles I (1600–49), kingof England: 109, 246, 458–9, 374, 724, 858

  Charles II (1630–85), king of England: 135, 233, 284, 444, 445, 459, 498, 724, 858

  ‘Charles III’, see Charles Edward: 396

  Charles V (1500–58), emperor and king of Spain: 303, 657

  Charles XII (1682–1718), king of Sweden: 109, 519, 667

  CharlesEdward (1720–88), the Young Pretender, Jacobite claimanttothe English, Scottish and Irish thrones; eldest son of James Francis Edward (1688–1766); led the failed Jacobite rebellion of 1745; subsequently exiled to France; throughout his life unable to resign his hopes of a restoration to his three kingdoms: 85, 396, 610

  Charlotte Sophia (1744–1818), queenof the United KingdomofGreat Britain and Ireland, and queen of Hanover, consort of George III; mother of fifteen children to George; cultural patron and philanthropist; dedicatee of Burney’s History of Music; troubled by the misbehaviour of her sons and the mental derangement of her husband: 204, 335, 384, 417

  Charriére, Mme de, see Zuylen, Isabella de

  Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of (1708–78), prime minister; one of Cobham’s ‘cubs’ in opposition to Walpole; groom of the bedchamber to Prince Frederick (1737); Paymaster-General (1746); Secretary of State (1756-7); returned as Secretary of State for the Pitt-Newcastle coalition (1757–61), earning considerable repute for glorious successes in foreign policy; resigned (1761); in opposition (1761-6); created Lord Chatham and Lord of the Privy Seal (1766); led the Chatham administration (1766-8); exploited party labels for sake of patriotism; reckless relationship with George III; plagued by illness throughout much of life: 76, 88, 269, 326, 363, 431, 630, 716,907 n. a, 926, 938

  Chatterton, Thomas (1752–70), poet; famous in lifetime for creating a fictional medieval poet, Thomas Rowley, and crafting his own faux-medieval style; forged old manuscripts; succeeded in finding the patronage of Horace Walpole; died from accidental overdose of arsenic and opium (1770); posthumously became a myth that formed part of very genesis of Romanticism; dedicatee of Keats’s Endymion; Coleridge’s first published poem was in his honour, ‘Monody on the Death of Chatterton’: 543, 544, 843 andn. a

  Chaucer, Geoffrey ($$), poet and administrator; author of Troilus and Criseyde (c.1381-8) and The Canterbury Tales, one of the acknowledged masterpieces of English literature; comptroller in the port of London (1378); royal diplomat; clerk of the King’s works (1389); the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages: 13, 165, 661, 976 n. a

  Chester, bishop of, see Porteus, Dr Beilby

  Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of (1694–1773), royalist and Tory politician and diplomatist; captain of the Yeoman of the Guard (1723); Lord Chest (1726); ambassador to The Hague (1727); triumphant opponent of Walpole; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland (1744); Secretary of State for the North (1746); retired in 1748, though continued to attend the House of Lords; attempt to praise S.J.’s Dictionary in The Word misfired badly and attracted the author’s scorn; author of The Oeconomy of Human Life (175 o) and Letters to his son, published posthumously (1774): 12, 31, 87, 104–6, 139–45, 346, 373, 438, 444, 454–5, 714, 732, 749, 750, 807, 834, 861, 946–7

  Chesterfield, Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of (1755–1815), politician and son of the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; refused to intervene to save former tutor, William Dodd, from the gallows for forging a draft on him (1777); supporter of North, the n Pitt; master of the Royal Mint (1789–90); joint Postmaster-General (1790-8); Master of the Horse (1798–1804); knight of the Garter (1805): 597

  Cheyne, Dr George (1671–1743), physician; fellow of the Royal Society (1702); author of An Essay of Health and Long Life (1724), and Essay on Regimen (1740) and The English Malady (1733), a treatise on melancholy; friends with Samuel Richardson and John Wesley; found market in upwardly mobile and aristocracy: 41, 532, 566

  Chishull, Revd Edmund (1671–1733), antiquary: 617 n. a

  Choisy, Abbe Francois-Timoleon de (1644–1724), French ecclesiastic and author: 705

  Cholmondeley, George Cholmondeley, 3rd Earl of (1703–70): 953 n. c

  Cholmondeley, George James (1752–1830), son of the following: 953 andn. c

  Cholmondeley, Mrs Mary (n e´ e Woffington) (c.1729–1811), wife of the Hon. and Revd Robert Cholmondeley: 326, 662, 664–5, 695

  Christian, Revd Mr, of Docking, Norfolk: 289

  Christie, James (1730–1803), auctioneer; friend of Garrick, Gainsborough and Reynolds; partnerofRobert Answell (1777–84); valued collection and paintings assembled by Sir Robert Walpole at £40, 000 and found buyer in Catherine the Greatof Russia (1788): 989n. a

  Churchill, Charles (1731–64), poet; friendofGarrick;launchedNorthBritonwith John Wilkes (1762); author of The Rosciad (1761) and The Ghost (first 2 vols. 1762), a rambling satire casting S.J. asPomposo, one of its main targets; arrested for criticism of the King’s speech at the closing of Parliament (1763): 74, 172, 210, 216, 222, 224, 225 n. a, 254, 296 n.a, 645, 658

  Churchill, John, see Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of

  Churton, RevdRalph (1754–1831), Church of England clergyman and theological writer; biographer; contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine; archdeacon of St David’s (1805); author of A Short Defence of the Church
of England (1795): 399 n.a, 880 n.b, 929 and n. a

  Cibber, Colley (1671–1757), actor, writer, theatre manager; massively influential figure; Whig; played overa hundred parts asadecorative, mannered actor; established new company at the new Queen’s Theatre (1709); as playwright, wrote and starred in Love’s Last Shift (1696), and version of Richard III survived well into the twentieth century; significant contribution to development of sentimental comedy; Poet Laureate (1730); friends with Samuel Richardson; disliked by S.J.; long-standing quarrel with Pope; chief target of the fourth book of The Dunciad (1742): 86, 100 n. a, 140, 213, 288, 307, 434, 444, 513, 534 and n. a, 557–8, 622, 666, 896, 920

  Cibber, Mrs Susannah Maria (1714–66), actress; wife of Theophilus; developed her artistry considerably with Garrick; took envied role of Polly Peachum in Gay’s The Beggar’s Opera; Cordelia to Garrick’s Lear (1749); second only to Garrick on an annual salaryof £315: 111, 307

  Cibber, Theophilus (1703–58), actor and playwright; son of Colley; manager at Drury Lane from 1732; remembered kindly by very few; largely a hack writer; famous for Roles of Pistol in both parts ofHenry IV and Lord Foppington inThe Careless Husband: 106, 534, 584

  Cicero, Marcus Tullius (106–43 bc), Roman statesman, philosopher and author; one of the greatest orators of antiquity: 501, 692, 714, 761, 938, 972, 975, 976 n. a, 1002

  Clanranald, family of: 428

  Clapp, Mrs Mary (d. 1781): 294, 320

  Clare, Viscount (Robert Nugent, Earl Nugent) (c.1702–88): 332, 691

  Clarendon, Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of (1609–74), politician and historian; with Falkland and Colepeper, partofCharles I’s innermost Circle of advisers; knighted and sworn of the Privy Council (1643); escaped to Jersey (1646); author of the royalist History of Rebellion (pub. 1702); Lord Chancellor (1658); part of Charles II’s junto on the Restoration (1660); created Baron Hyde of Hindon (1660); created Viscount Cornbury and EarlofClarendon (1661); scapegoat for much of the discontent in the mid to late 1660s; impeached for high treason (1667); exiled to France: 161, 302, 491, 663, 714, 782 n. a, 936

  Clark, Alderman Richard (1739–1831), lawyer and chamberlain of London; elected Alderman of the Broad Street ward (1776); Lord Mayor of London (1784); president of Christ’s hospital (1784); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1785); friend of S.J.; proposed by S.J. for membership of the Essex Head Club: 905

  Clark, John (d. 1807), Ossianic controversialist: 16, 901

  Clarke, Dr Samuel (1675–1729), theologian and philosopher; opponent of Calvinism and High Church preoccupation with ritual; rector of St James’s, Westminster (1709); delivered the Boyle lectures (1704– 5); doubted the full divinity of Christ in The Scripture-Doctrine of the Trinity (1712); Newtonian; published correspondence with Leibnitz (1717): 4, 44, 211, 313, 328, 401, 657, 997 and n. a

  Clarke, John (1687–1734), schoolmaster and scholar: 58

  Clarke, Revd William (1696–1771), antiquary: 617 n. a

  Clavius, Christopher (1537–1612), mathematician: 502

  Claxton, John (d. 1811), Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries: 393

  Clayton, Dr Robert (1695–1758), bishop of Clogher: 617 n. a

  Clement XIV, Pope, see Ganganelli, Giovanni Vincenzo

  Clement, William (fl. 1765), fellow of Trinity College, Dublin: 257

  Clenardus, Nicholas (1493? -1542), philologist: 773

  Clerk, Sir Philip Jennings, see Jennings-Clerke, Sir Philip

  Clermont, Lady (fl. 1780): 753

  Clive, Mrs (1711–85), actress; Fielding wrote several parts for her; Polly Peachum in The Beggar’s Opera (1732); embroiled in the ‘Polly war’ as Theophilus Cibber tried to claim the role for his wife (1736); career stabilized with Garrick from 1747 onwards; one of the very best actresses of her generation: 766, 896

  Clive, Robert Clive, Baron (1725–74), governor of Bengal: 704, 713, 739

  Cobb, Mrs (1718–93), Lichfield friend of S.J.: 469, 514, 745, 844, 890

  Cobham, Sir RichardTemple, Viscount (1675–1749), soldier, landowner and politician; creator of the house and park at Stowe; adversary of Walpole: 711

  Cochrane, Lieut. Gen. James (1690–1758), J.B.’s grand-uncle: 228

  Coffey, Mr, possibly Charles (d. 1745): 668

  Cohausen, Dr J. H. (1665–1750), German physician: 493

  Coke, Sir Edward or Lord (1552–1634), judge and legal writer: 344, 526 n. b, 935

  Cole, Henry (fl. 1784): 989 n. a

  Colebrooke, Sir George (1729–1809), banker; MP for Arundel (1754–74); director (1767) and chairman (1769, 1770,1772) of the East India Company, aperiod that coincided with the company’s collapse; chirographer to the court of Common Pleas (1766); ultimately bankrupt (1777): 475

  Collier, Jeremy (1650–1726), anti-theatrical polemicist and bishop of theNonjuring Church of England; opposed the Glorious Revolution; opponent of Dryden; author of Essays upon Several Moral Subjects (1697) and A Short View of the Immorality and Profaneness of the English Stage (1698); considered behaviour on the stage obscene, blasphemous and offensively sexual; tried to pioneer a scheme to unite the Nonjuring Church of England with Eastern Orthodox Churches (1716 onwards): 922 n. b

  Collier, Joel, pseudonym: 170

  Collins, William (1721–59), poet, admired by and friend of S.J.; author of Persian Eclogues (1742) and ‘Ode, to a Lady’; suffered from growing, undefined madness from 1751: 15, 150 and n. b, 203, 204, 464

  Collins, RevdJohn (b. c.1714), fellow of Pembroke College, Oxford: 147

  Colman, George, the elder (1732–94), playwright and theatre manager; co-founder of the St James’s Chronicle (1761); friend of Garrick; co-manager as patentee of the Covent Garden theatre from 1767; first to stage She Stoops to Conquer (1773); took over the Little Theatre in the Haymarket from Samuel Foote (1777); most famous as playwright for co-writing The Clandestine Marriage (ij66) with Garrick; member of the Club: 117, 195, 252, 433, 442, 571, 696–7, 768, 772, 981, 999

  Colson, John (1680–1760), mathematician and translator; elected member of Emmanuel College, Cambridge (1728); master of new mathematical school at Rochester (1709), for which Gilbert Walmsley recommended Garrick and S.J.; first Taylor lecturer at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (1739); Lucasian professor at Cambridge (1739): 60 and n. a

  Columbus, Christopher: 900

  Colvil, John (1695–1783), J.B.’s tenant: 855

  Combabus: 653 n. a

  Conde, Louis Joseph de Bourbon, 8 e Prince de (1736–1818); one of the princely emigres during the French Revolution: 472, 477

  Confucius (551–479 bc), China’s most famous teacher, philosopher and political theorist: 684

  Congreve, family of: 29

  Congreve, Revd Charles (1708–77): 29, 510

  Congreve, William (1670–1729), playwright and poet; author of The Double Dealer (1693), Love for Love (1694) and, most famously, The Way of the World (1700); attacked Jeremy Collier; admired ambivalently by S.J.; friend and mentor to Swift and Pope; considered with Wycherley and Etherege as one of the three pre-eminent writers of comedy of his time: 29, 206 n. b, 304–5, 309, 381, 624, 794

  Const, Francis (1751–1839), lawyer: 526 n. b

  Conybeare, DrJohn (1692–1755), bishop of Bristol: 617 n. a

  Cook, Captain James (1728–79), explorer; surveyed Newfoundland (1763-7); first person to cross the Antarctic circle (1773); discovered the South Sandwich Islands and rediscovered South Georgia (1775); fellow of the Royal Society (1776); sighted Oahu and Kauai at the Western end of the Hawaiian Islands (1778); disproved the existence of a great southern continent in his three Pacific voyages; completed outlines of Australia and New Zealand; murdered by natives in Hawaii: 393, 523, 934

  Cooke, or Cook, William (d. 1824), miscellaneous writer: 903

  Cooksey, Richard: 433 n. b

  Cooper, John Gilbert (1723–69), writer; author of a revisionist Life of Socrates (1749); allegedly called S.J. ‘the Caliban of literature’; author of Letters Concerning Taste (1754): 328, 603 andn. a, 765

&nbs
p; Copley, John (fl. 1784): 989 n. a

  Corbet, Andrew (1709–41): 38

  Corderius, Mathurinus (1479–1564), see Clarke, John

  Corelli, Arcangelo (1653–1713), Italian musician: 445

  Cork and Orrery, Countess of, see Monckton, Hon. Mary

  Cornbury, Henry Hyde, Viscount (1710–53); politician and Jacobite; friend of Pope, Swift and Bolingbroke: 491

  Corneille, Pierre (1606–84), French dramatist: 771

  Cornelius Nepos (110–24 BC); Roman historian and the first biographer to write in Latin; friend of Cicero, Atticus and Catullus: 58, 864

  Cornwallis, Dr Frederick (1713–83), Archbishop of Canterbury; chaplain to George II (1746); dean of St Paul’s Cathedral (1766); conscientious administrator and conventional Georgian churchman; led episcopal contributions to fund for the dispossessed American episcopalian clergy (1776): 589

  Coryate, Thomas (1577?–i617), traveller and buffoon: 353

  Costard, Revd George (1710–82): 617 n. a

  Cotterell, Admiral Charles (d. 1754): 134

  Cotterell, Miss Charlotte, see Lewis, Mrs

  Cotterell, the Misses (Frances and Charlotte): 134, 198, 203

  Courayer, Pierre Francois Le (1681–1776), French divine: 62, 78

  Courtenay, John (1741–1816), politician; supporter of North; MP for Tamworth (1780); joined the Whig Club (1788); opponent of Pitt; Friend of the Liberty of the Press; author of The Present State of the Manners, Arts, and Politics of France and Italy (1794); frequenter of London literary society; attached himself to J.B.; admirer of S.J., publishing A Poetical Review (1786) on his character: 40 and n. a, 103 n. b, 123, 124 n. a, 170, 252, 404, 433 n. b, 457 n. b, 688, 691, 938, 941 n. b, 973, 976 n. a

  Courtown, James Stopford, 2nd Earl of (1731–1810): 462

  Covington, Alexander Lockhart, Lord (c. 1700–82), Scottish lawyer: 638

  Cowley, Abraham (1618–67), poet of high reputation among his contemporaries; received qualified praise from S.J. as well as imitation and admiration from Dryden; author of ‘The Complaint’ (1663) and The Visions and Prophecies concerning England, Scotland, and Ireland (1660); Works went through fourteen editions (1668–1721); carried Caroline wit-writing into the early Restoration: 102, 154, 534, 646, 783, 819, 851