The Life of Samuel Johnson

by James Boswell

  George I (1660–1727), king of England and elector of Hanover: 445

  George II (1683–1760), king of England: 85, 86, 117, 348, 445, 534, 818, 822

  George III (1738–1820), king of England: 14, 15, 188, 193, 199, 396, 677, 926

  Gherardi, Marchese (fl. 1778): 699

  Giannone, Pietro (1676–1748), Italian author and historian; author of The Civil History of the Kingdom of Naples (1723), as a result of which he was excommunicated; opponent of papal power; died in prison after being kidnapped by papal agents: 765

  Gibbon, Edward (1737–94), the historian; author of The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–88); MP and commissioner of trade and plantations; member of the Club; an object of suspicion to both J.B. andS.J. on account of his reputation for religious scepticism: 252, 296 n. b, 448, 457 and n. b, 545, 655, 659, 667, 804

  Gibbons, Dr Thomas (1720–85), Nonconformist minister: 833, 917

  Gibson, William (fl. 1748): 991

  Giffard, Henry (1694–1772), actor and theatre manager; manager of Goodman’s Fields theatre (1731); acted regularly on the London stage (1729–35); briefly held share in Drury Lane (1733-4); set up at vacant Theatre Royal and Lincoln’s Inn Fields theatre (1736); unwittingly precipitated Licensing Act (1737); gave Garrick his London debut: ^6, 97

  Gillespie, Dr Thomas (d. 1804), Lord Auchinleck’s physician: 907

  Gisborne, Dr Thomas (d. 1806), president of the College of Physicians: 603 n. a

  Glasse, Hannah (1708–70): 678

  Goldsmith, Dr Isaac (d. 1769), dean of Cloyne and Prebendary of Cork: 217, 218, 219, 220n. b, 221, 223, 224, 251, 260, 267, 269, 285, 304, 355, 370, 371, 372, 376, 377, 383, 387, 393, 410 n. a, 411, 526, 562, 563 n. a, 564 n. a, 572, 768, 779, 825, 865, 1000 n. c

  Goldsmith, Mrs Henry, widow of the above: 572

  Goldsmith, Oliver (1730–74), Irish author; contributor to the Critical Review (from 1759); circle of friends included Smollett, S.J., Reynolds, Burke and Garrick; Tory; author of the biography The Life of Richard Nash (1762), the novel The Vicar of Wakefield(ij66), AnEssay on the Theatre, or, A Comparison between Laughing and Sentimental Comedy and, most famously, the play She Stoops to Conquer ($$); charter member of the Club (1764); significant contribution in restoring to the stage the ‘laughing comedy’ of Farquhar and Vanbrugh: 15, 113, 119, 124, 220, 225, 253, 263, 264, 268, 287, 288, 296 and n. b, 304, 306, 311, 322, 332, 349, 355, 356, 357, 359, 363, 374,375, 377, 378, 379, 380, 382, 383, 384,385, 386, 387, 393,394, 395, 396, 397,398, 399, 400,410, 411, 412, 453, 526, 538, 563, 564 n. a, 565 n. a, 610, 611, 613, 657, 660, 664, 669, 691, 726, 750, 769, 774, 777, 825, 861, 862, 915,936, 939,943

  Gombauld, Jean Ogier de (d. 1666), French poet: 737

  Gordon, Dr John (1725–93), archdeacon and chancellor of Lincoln: 717

  Gordon, Hon. Alexander, Lord Rockville (c. 1739–92), Scottish judge: 247

  Gordon, Lord George (1751–93), politician and religious agitator; MP for Ludger-shall, Wilts; president of the Protestant Association (1779) and obsessed with the No Popery issue; anti-Catholic riots at Westminster (June 1780), when c.60, 000 gathered, lent his name; took no part in riots but sentenced for five years on different charges; later convert to Judaism (1787): 754, 756 n. a, 812

  Gordon, Sir Alexander, of Lismore (c. 1720–82), professor of medicine, Aberdeen: 404 n. b, 575

  Gower, John (i325?–i4o8), poet; probably held some legal or civil office; general attorney at Chaucer’s appointment (1378); named as ‘moral Gower’ in Troilus and Criseyde; wrote extensively, with fluency and distinction, in three languages; major works include Mirour de l’omme (c. 1376–9), Vox clamantis (after 1381) and Confessio Amantis (c. 1390), his magnum opus: 661

  Gower, John Leveson-Gower, 1st Earl (1694–1754), politician; made DCL by Oxford (1732); mayor of Cheadle (1721); leader of the Tories in the House of Lords (173 os); Lord Justice (1740); Lord Privy Seal and Privy Councillor (1742); loyal Pelhamite towards the end of his career; included by S.J. in definition of ‘renegado’ in the Dictionary: 25 n. b, 76 n. a, 77, 78, 161

  Grafton, August Henry Fitzroy, 3rd Duke of (1735–1811), politician; lord of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales (1756-8); Lord Lieutenant of Suffolk (1757–62, 1769–90); KG (1769); Secretary of State for the North (1765-6); first lord of the Treasury (1766-7); effectively prime minister (1768–1770); secured Pelham group’s accession to the ministry; chancellor of Cambridge University (1769); subject to attack by the ‘Junius’ letters; forced out by Chatham’s return: 514

  Graham, James Graham, 6th Marquis of, 3rd Duke of Montrose (1755–1836), politician; MP for Richmond, Yorks (1780); chancellor of Glasgow University (1780–1836); lord of the Treasury (1773); MP for Great Bedwyn, Wilts (1784); joint Paymaster-General of the forces (1789–91); Privy Councillor (1789); Master of the Horse (1790–95, 1807–30); commissioner for Indian affairs (1791–1803); Lord Justice General of Scotland (1795–1836); president of the Board of Trade (1804-6); Lord Chamberlain (1821-7, i828–3o):729, 730

  Graham, Mary Helen (1763–96): 743

  Graham, Revd George (1728–67), playwright; fellow of King’s College, Cambridge (1749–67); friendly with S.J.; author of a masque, Telemachus (1763), and a collection of edifying stories with ‘poetic essays’, The Virtuous Novelist (1750): 15, 218, 575, 823, 824

  Grainger, James (1721?-66), physician and poet; ran a practice in Bond Court (from 1753); contributor to the Monthly Review; acquaintance of S.J., Smollett and Goldsmith; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1758); translated Tibullus and Sulpicia; later feuded with Smollett; author of poems The Sugar-Cane (1764) and ‘Ode to Solitude’, the latter earning praise from S.J.: 15, 253, 506 and n. a, 507 n. a, 629

  Granger, Revd James (1723–76), print collector and biographer; author of the Biographical History of England (1769), which catalogued portrait heads and added biographical memoirs; S.J. complained of political bias in his work (Whiggism); OED (1882) records the verb ‘to grangerize’ after his manner of print collecting: 568

  Grant, Sir Archibald, of Monymusk (1696–1778), politician and agricultural improver; expelled from the Commons for speculative activities (1732); from 1734, largely devoted to improving his estate in Monymusk; published The Practical Farmer’s Pocket Companion (1766): 574

  Granville, JohnCarteret, 1st Earl (1690–1763), statesman: 769, 807

  Grattan, Henry (1746–1820), Irish nationalist politician; MP for Charlemont (1775); helped secure free trade from the British government for Ireland (1779–80); splendid oratory won greater legislative authority for Irish Parliament (1782); sworn of the Irish Privy Council (1783); feuded with Henry Flood; tried in vain to prevent the Act of Union (1800); dedicated his last twenty years to Catholic emancipation; absolutely first-rate orator but reputation larger than his achievements: 939

  Graves, Morgan (c. 1709–70), elder brother of the following: 55 n. a

  Graves, Revd Richard (1715–1804), writer and translator; close friend of Shen-stone; fellow of All Souls, Oxford (1736); rector at Claverton, near Bath (1749); vicar of Kilmarsden (1763–94); wrote an elegy on the death of S.J. (1785); won real fame with The Spiritual Quixote (3 vols., 1773), a novel strongly influenced by Fielding; translated Marcus Aurelius (1792) and Xenophon (1793); hugely versatile; religious enthusiast: 505

  Gravina, Gian Vincenzo (1664–1718), Italian critic and poet: 873

  Gray, Dr Edward Whitaker (1748–1806), botanist: 477 n. a

  Gray, John (fl. 1732–41), London bookseller: 93

  Gray, Sir James (d. 1773), diplomatist and antiquary; founder member of the Society of the Dilettanti (1738); secretary to Robert D’Arcy on his mission to Venice (1744); envoy-extraordinary to the court of Naples (1753); knight of the Bath (1759); ambassador to Madrid (1767-9); sworn of the Privy Council (1769): 354

  Gray, Thomas (1716–71), poet and literary scholar; author of Odes (1757) and the ‘Elegy’ (1751), the most admired and imitated poem of the century; refused Poet Laureateship (1757); prof
essor of modern history at Cambridge University (1768–71); hostile treatment by S.J. in his Life of Gray (1781): 21, 213, 214, 263 n. a, 347, 432,437, 438,442, 535, 538, 608, 633 n. a, 682, 754, 769, 799, 850, 984

  Greaves, Samuel (fl. 1783–4), servant of Mr Thrale: 902

  Green, Dr John (i7o6?–79), bishop of Lincoln (1761, earlier dean, 1756); regius professor of divinity at Cambridge University (1748–61); royal chaplain (1753-6); Hanoverian; client of the Duke of Newcastle; vice-chancellor of Cambridge (1756-7); anti-Methodist: 29

  Green, or Greene, Richard (1716–93), antiquary and museum proprietor; relative of S.J.’s; sheriff (1758), Alderman and bailiff (1785, 1790) of Lichfield; treated S.J. as an apothecary; museum visited by J.B. and S.J.; S.J.’s intermediary to Lucy Porter: 513, 984

  Gregory, Dr James (1753–1821), physician; effectively chief of the medical faculty at Edinburgh University (1776); joint professor of the practice of physic (1790); friends with Burns; first physician to the king of Scotland (1799); author of Philosophical and Literary Essays (1792) and the feud-causing Memorial to the Managers of the Royal Infirmary (1800): 589

  Grenville, George (1712–70), prime minister; ‘Cobham Cub’; treasurer of the navy (1754-5, 1757, 1758); Privy Councillor (1754); Secretary of State for the North (1762-3); first lord of the Treasury and Chancellor of the Exchequer (1763-5); sanctioned the taxes and stamp duties on America that started the American War of Independence: 331

  Grey, Dr Richard (1694–1771), author: 695

  Grey, Dr Zachary (1688–1766), Church of England clergyman and writer; known through many controversies with the Dissenters; author of A Vindication of the Church of England (1720) and The Spirit of Infidelity Detected (1723); published Critical, Historical, and Explanatory Notes on Shakespeare (2 vols., 1754): 695

  Grey, or Gray, Stephen (d. 1736), electrician: 276

  Grierson, George Abraham (c.i 728–55), Dublin printer: 321

  Grierson, Mrs Constantia (i7o6?~33), classical scholar: 321 n. a

  Grimston, William Grimston, 1st Viscount (1683–1756), Whig politician; MP for St Albans (1710–22); created a peer of Ireland (1719); feud with the Duchess of Marlborough; author of a play, The Lawyer’s Fortune, or, Love in a Hollow Tree (1705), ridiculed by Swift and Pope: 808 n. a

  Grotius, Hugo (1583–1645), Dutch statesman and jurist: 239, 495, 588, 589

  Grove, Henry (1684–1738), Presbyterian minister and tutor in ethics and pneuma-tology at the Taunton Academy (1706), later head (1725); four essays in the Spectator strongly praised by S.J. (1714); A Discourse Concerning the Nature and Design of the Lord’s Supper (1732) ran to eight editions; published poet: 536, 780

  Guarini, Giovanni Battista (1538–1612), Italian court poet; instigator of the form of pastoral drama; author of the influential Il Pastor Fido: 711

  Guimene, mis-spelling of Guemene

  Guthrie, William (1708–70), historian and political journalist; reporter of parliamentary business for the Gentleman’s Magazine; translated Quintilian (1756) and Cicero; regarded with affection by J.B. and S.J.; author of a General History of the World(iz vols., 1764–7), a General History of Scotland (10 vols., 1767) and a Geographical, Historical, and Commercial Grammar (1770): 69, 82, 290, 779

  Guyon, Abbe Claude Marie (1699–1771), French historian: 11, 86

  Gwyn, General Francis Edward (d. 1821): 15, 187, 193, 498, 499

  Hackman, Revd James (1752–79), murderer; murdered Martha Ray (possible lover) after a performance of Love in a Village at Covent Garden (1779); failed suicide attempt immediately after; J.B. attended his hanging (1779); motives disputed by S.J. and Topham Beauclerk: 730–31

  Haddington, Charles Hamilton, 8th Earl of, see Binning, Charles Hamilton, Lord

  Haddington, Thomas Hamilton, 7th Earl of (c. 1720–95): 594

  Hague (fl. c.i720), usher at Lichfield School: 29

  Hailes, Sir David Dalrymple, Lord (1726–92), judge and Whig historian; wide-ranging reader with a fine library; advocate for the poor (1753-5); author of Examination… oftheRegiam majestatem (1769) and Remarks on the History of Scotland (1773); Annals of Scotland (2 vols., 1776 and 1779) heralded by S.J. as ‘a new mode of history’; friends with S.J. and J.B.; widely esteemed as a literary critic; correspondent of Burke and Horace Walpole: 145, 229, 367, 410, 411, 413, 414,415, 418,419, 420,421, 441,463, 464,465, 466 n. a,467, 468,481, 482, 484, 485, 487, 488–91, 502, 547, 568, 574, 577, 586, 591, 593–4, 6o6, 627, 640, 642, 673, 718, 725, 737–8 and n. a, 741, 853, 883, 890, 895, 938

  Hakewill, Dr George (1578–1649), Church of England clergyman and author; fierce anti-Catholic Calvinist; royal chaplain (1612); archdeacon of Surrey (1617); author of An Apologie… of the Power andProvidence of God(i6zj); listed by J.B. as a shaping stylistic influence on S.J., possibly an influence on Milton: 122

  Hale, Sir Matthew (1609–76), judge and writer; broadly royalist; Justice of the Common Court of Pleas (1654); Chief Baron of the Exchequer (1660); knighted (1661); Chief Justice of the King’s Bench (1671-6); author of a History and Analysis of the Common Laws of England (pub. posthumously) and The Primitive Origination of Mankind (6jj); friend of Richard Baxter: 22, 344,446, 935, 936

  Hales, Dr John (1584–1656), scholar and fellow of Eton: 938

  Hales, Dr Stephen (1677–1761), physiologist: 13, 166

  Hall, General (fl. 1778), officer commanding the Militia at Warley Camp: 719 and n. b

  Hall, John (1739–97), history and portrait engraver; fellow of the Society of Artists (1765); engraved Benjamin West’s history paintings; history engraver to the King (1785): 1000 n.c

  Hall, Mrs (Martha) (c. 1707–91), sister of John Wesley and wife of the polygamist Revd Westley Hall (1711–76): 814–16

  Hamilton, Archibald (c. 1719–93), printer and publisher; set up business in Chancery Lane in 1756, and by 1760 had at least eight printing presses; friend of Smollett; printer of the Critical Review and, by 1758, its publisher; acquaintance of Goldsmith, S.J. and Garrick; later entered into partnership with William Jackson at the Oxford University Press: 380

  Hamilton, Douglas Hamilton, 8th Duke of (1756–99): 642

  Hamilton, Gavin (1730–97), painter: 405

  Hamilton, Sir William (1730–1803), diplomatist and art collector; MP for Mid-hurst, Sussex (1761); supporter of Bute; fellow of the Royal Society (1766); knight of the Bath (1772); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1772); member of the Society of Dilettanti (1777); compulsive art collector who amassed c. 350 paintings including works by Reynolds, Velazquez, Titian and Holbein; expert on volcanoes and author of Campi phlegraei: Observations on the Volcanoes of the Two Sicilies (ijj6): 252

  Hamilton, William, of Bangour (1704–54), poet and Jacobite army officer; member of the Rankinian Club; friends with Hume and Prince Charles; said to have hidden in a tree at Falkirk during the Jacobite rising of 1745; author of the ballad ‘The Braes of Yarrow’, admired by Wordsworth: 604

  Hamilton, William Gerard (1729–96), politician; member of the Board of Trade (1756–61); chief secretary to Lord Halifax, Irish viceroy (1761); was widely believed to be the author of the ‘Junius’ letters; inconstant in his political alliances; close friend of S.J.: 257, 333, 897, 953, 9^5, 990, 1000 n. b

  Hammond, Dr Henry (1605–60), theologian and chaplain to Charles I: 547

  Hammond, James (1710–42), politician and poet; equerry to the Prince of Wales (1733–42); enjoyed the patronage of Lord Chesterfield; Whig MP for Truro (1741); author of a prologue to George Lillo’s Elmerick (1740) and the collection of Love Elegies (pub. 1742), imitations of Tibullus, criticized by S.J. as ‘frigid pedantry’ (Lives of the English Poets): 55 n. a, 534 n. a, 771, 799 n. a

  Hammond, Richard (d. 1738), apothecary of Lichfield: 26

  Hampton, Revd James (1721–78), translator and Church of England clergyman; rector of Moor Monkton, Yorkshire (1762); translated Polybius (1741, 1756–61); author of A Plain and Easy Account ofthe Fall of Man (1750) and An Essay on Ancient and Modern History (1746): 13, 166


  Handel, George Frederick (1685–1759), musical composer; composer of The Messiah: 919

  Hanmer, SirThomas (1677–1746), politician; Hanoverian Tory; one of the leading speakers for the Tories in the Lower House; secretly made Chancellor of the Exchequer by Harley (1708); member of the October Club; Speaker in the Commons; produced several literary efforts, including A Review of the Text of… ‘Paradise Lost’ (1733) and an edition of Shakespeare (1743-4): 12, 100,101, 276, 280 n. b

  Hannibal (247–182 bc), great Carthaginian general who came close to defeating Rome in the Second Punic War; finally defeated by Scipio at the battle of Zama: 539

  Hanway, Jonas (1712–86), merchant and philanthropist; employee of the Russia Company (1743–64); author of An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea (4 vols., 1753) and Virtue in Humble Life (2 vols., 1774); literary skirmishes with Goldsmith and S.J. over opposition to tea; governor of the Foundling Hospital (1756); established the Marine Society; Bute his patron: 14, 167, 169, 324

  Harding, J. (fl. 1782), painter: 1000 n.c

  Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 1st Earl of (1690–1764), Lord Chancellor (1737–56); high steward of Cambridge University (1749); confidante of the Duke of Newcastle; Solicitor-General and knighted (1720); Attorney General (1724); Lord Chief Justice of the King’s Bench and Privy Councillor (1733); immensely conscientious; sounded by Walpole as his possible successor as prime minister: 536, 634

  Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, 2nd Earl of (1720–90), politician and writer; eldest son of the ist Earl of Hardwicke; MP for Reigate, Surrey (1741-7); member (without office) of the first Rockingham administration; Lord Lieutenant of Cambridgeshire (1757); high steward of Cambridge University (1764–90); produced Walpoliana (1783), a collection of anecdotes about Sir Robert Walpole: 141 n. a