The Life of Samuel Johnson

by James Boswell

  Hume, David (1711–76), philosopher and historian; author of A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Essays, Moral and Political (1741), An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (1748, 1756) and The History of Great Britain (1754–61); founder member of the Select Society (1754); joint secretary of the Philosophical Society(1751); disliked and avoided S.J.; helped secure Rousseau’s refuge in England (1765); arguably the most acute thinker in eighteenth-century Britain: 103n.a,112, 232, 234, 244, 265, 290, 299andn.a,314, 315, 385, 432, 501, 585, 605, 625, 653 n. a, 679, 718, 870, 923, 1001 n. a

  Hume, Mrs Margaret, see Home, Mrs Margaret

  Humphry, Ozias (1742–1810), miniature and portrait painter; member of the Society of Artists (1773); associateofthe Royal Academy (1779); painted Queen Charlotte (1766) and Charlotte, princess royal (1769) by royal commission; large clientele and considerable success in early years but faltered after transition from miniatures to oil painting: 912 and n. a, 1000 n. c

  Hunter, Dr William (1718–83), physician, anatomist and man-midwife; elder brother of John Hunter; member of the Company of Surgeons (1747–56); man-midwifeatthe new British Lying-inHospital (1749–59); great friend of Smollett; licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (1756); attended all of Queen Charlotte’s pregnancies until his death, being a close friend of both the King and Queen; professor of anatomy at the Royal Academy of Art (1768): 884

  Hunter, Elizabeth, daughter of the following, see Seward, Mrs Elizabeth

  Hunter, Mrs Margaret, Christopher Smart’s sister: 865 n. a

  Hunter, Revd John (c. 1674–1741), headmaster of Lichfield Grammar School and S.J.’s schoolmaster: 29, 338

  Hurd, DrRichard (1720–1808), Bishop of Worcester (1781–1808);edited Horace (1749, 1751); author of Moral and Political Dialogues (1759), The Uses of Foreign Travel (1764) and Letters on Chivalry and Romance (1762); preacher at Lincoln’s Inn (1765); archdeacon of Gloucester and rector of Dursley (1767); first Warburtonian Lecturer at Cambridge University (1768); Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield (1774); Supporter of North; declined George III’s offerofArchbish-opric of Canterbury (1783):50and n. a,533, 558n. a, 646, 868, 924, 993 n. a

  Husbands, Revd John (1706–32), fellow of Pembroke College: 40

  Hussey, Dr Thomas (1741–1803), Roman Catholic bishop of Waterford and Lismore(1796);Ordinary chaplain to the Spanish ambassadorin Lond on(1769); helped to establish the Catholic seminary at Maynooth, becoming its first president (1795): 995

  Hussey, Revd John (1751–99), chaplain to the English Factory at Aleppo: 723

  Hutcheson, Francis (1694–1746), moral philosopher; author of An Inquiry into the Original of our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue (1725) and A System of Moral Philosophy(pub. 1755); Professor of moral philosophyat the Universityof Glasgow (1729); Seen as contemporary rival and Antithesis to Hume; major influence on the teachingofmoral Philosophy in Scottish and American universities during the eighteenth century: 545

  Hutchinson, John (1674–1737), naturalist and theologian; author of Moses principia (1724–7); High Churchman who undermined Arian and Socinian theologians, including the leading Newtonian authors; gained a wide following, Particularly in Oxford and Edinburgh; confused by J.B. with Francis Hutcheson: 545

  Hutton, James (1715–95), the Moravian: 995

  Hutton, William (1723–1815), historian; Dissenter and member of Joseph Priestley’s circle; author of A History of Birmingham (pub. 1752) and A History of Derby; overseer of the poor (1768); fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland (1782); published poet: 611 n. b

  Hyde, Henry Hyde, Lord, of Hindon, see Cornbury, Henry Hyde, Viscount

  Ince, Richard (c. 1684–1758), a contributor to The Spectator: 536

  Innes, Revd Alexander (c. 1675–1742?), impostor: 192 and n. b

  Innys, William (d. 1756), London bookseller: 989 n.a

  Irwin, Captain (fl. 1775): 470

  Jackson, Harry (d. 1777), S.J.’s schoolfellow: 512, 593, 594

  Jackson, Revd William (c. 1701–84), perpetual curate of Barton, North Riding, Yorkshire: 131 n. b

  Jackson, Richard (Omniscient Jackson) (d.1787), politician; agent for Connecticut (1760–70), Pennsylvania (1763–70) and Massachusetts (1765–70); secretary to the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Grenville administration; close friend of Benjamin Franklin since the early 1750s; intimate friend of Shelburne in later years; lord of the Treasury (1782–3); complimentary on Johnson’s Journey to the Western Islands: 528 and n. a,596

  Jackson, Thomas (fl. 1712): 26

  James I (1394–1437), king of Scotland: 264

  James IV (1473–1513), kingof Scotland: 483

  James V (1512–42), king of Scotland: 410

  James I (1566–1625), king of England: 353, 729

  James II (1633–1701), king of England: 228, 444

  ‘James, King’, the Old Pretender (1688–1766): 227, 228 n. b

  James, Dr Robert (1705–76), physician and inventor of James’s fever powder; fellow pupil of S.J. at Lichfield Grammar and lifelong friend; full licentiate of the College of Physicians (1745); author of A Medicinal Dictionary, with a History of Drugs (1743) and A Treatise on the Gout and Rheumatism (1745); death of Goldsmith, after using James’s powders, discredited him greatly: 11, 48,91 n. a, 92 andn. a, 521, 530 andn. c, 960

  Janus Vitalis, see Vitalis, Janus

  Japix, Gijsbert (1603-66), Frisian poet: 251

  Jenkinson, Charles, 1st Baron Hawkesbury and 1st Earl of Liverpool (1729?-1808), politician; father of Robert Banks Jenkinson, future prime minister; under-secretary to Lord Bute (1761); secretary to the Treasury (1763 –5); lord of the Admiralty (1766-7); board of the Treasury (1767); Privy Councillor (1773); Secretary at War (1778–81); honorary member of the Board of Trade (1784), then its first president (1786–1804); chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (1786–1803); Earl of Liverpool (1796): 601

  Jennings, Henry Constantine (1731–1819), virtuoso: 648

  Jennings-Clerke, Sir Philip (c.i722–88), MP: 809

  Jenyns, Soame (1704–87), author and politician; author of A Free Inquiry into the Nature and Origin of Evil (1757), ridiculed by S.J., and A View of the Internal Evidence of the Christian Religion (1776); critical ‘Epitaph on Johnson’ surreptitiously given to the Gentleman’s Magazine (1783); Whig MP for Cambridgeshire (1741, 1747–53): 169–70 andn. a, 543, 674, 679, 680

  Jephson, Robert (1736–1803), playwright; friend of Garrick; performed the title role of Macbeth at the Phoenix Park Theatre (1777); author of the plays Braganza (Drury Lane, 1775), The Law of Lombardy (Drury Lane, 1779) and The Count of Narbonne (Covent Garden, 1781), an adaptation of Walpole’s The Castle of Otranto: 142 n. b

  Jersey, William Villiers, 3rd Earl of (d. 1769), and Anne, his countess (d. 1762): 22, 1020 n. 18

  John (1167–1216), king of England: 135

  Johnson (fl. 1763), the horse-rider: 212, 648

  Johnson, Benjamin Fisher (1740–1809), S.J.’s second cousin: 989 n. a

  Johnson, Elizabeth (1689–1752), S.J.’s wife: 12, 56–8, 108, 117, 130, 131, 132, 256, 261, 301, 542, 713, 984,989 n. a

  Johnson, Michael (1656–1731), S.J.’s father: 24, 27,29, 32, 38, 39,43 n. a, 47, 48, 53, 237, 285, 301, 435, 971 andn. a, 989 n. a

  Johnson, Nathaniel (1712–37), S.J.’s younger brother: 24, 38, 53

  Johnson, Revd ‘Samuel’, really John (d. 1747), keeper of Archbishop Tenison’s library: 79

  Johnson, Sarah (1669–1759), S.J.’s mother: 24, 26, 27, 28,30, 42,48, 65, 93,118, 131, 157, 181, 182, 267, 285, 325, 815

  Johnson, Thomas (1703–79), S.J.’s cousin, son of Andrew Johnson: 989 n. a

  Johnson, Thomas (i738-?i82o), S.J.’s second cousin, grandson of Andrew Johnson: 989 n. a

  Johnston, Arthur (1587–1641), poet; professor of logic and metaphysics (1604) then physic (1610) at the college at Sedan, France; burgess of Aberdeen (1622); rector of King’s College, Aberdeen (1637); author of Parerga and Epigrammata (1632), editor of Delitiae poetarum Scotorum (1637); decreed by S.J
. to hold ‘among the Latin poets of Scotland the next place to the elegant Buchanan’ (A Journey to the Western Islands of Scotland): 242, 575, 909

  Johnston, William (fl. 1748–74), London bookseller: 182

  Johnstone, Sir James (1726–94), MP: 919

  Jones, Mary (fl. 1740–61), poetess: 173 and n. d

  Jones, Revd Oliver (misread River by J.B.) (c. 1706–75), chanter of Christ Church Cathedral and brother of Mary Jones: 173 n. d

  Jones, RevdPhilip (c.i709–64): 502

  Jones, Sir William (1746–94), orientalist and judge; radical Whig; fellow of University College, Oxford (1766); author of a Grammar of the Persian Language (1771), Poems, Consisting Chiefly of Translations from the Asiatick Languages (1772); fellow of the Royal Society (1772); commissioner of bankrupts (1775); bench of Supreme Court in Calcutta (1783); founder of the Asiatick Society of Bengal (1784); conjectures marked the beginning of Indo-European comparative grammar and modern comparative-historical linguistics; translated Kalidasa’s Sacontala (1789); member of S.J.’s Literary Club: 124, 252, 326 n. a, 387, 596, 731, 802 n. a

  Jonson, Ben (1573?–1637), poet and playwright; architect of Stuart court masques; pioneer of the ‘comedy of humours’; author of Every Man inHis Humour (1598), Volpone (1606?) and The Alchemist (1610); publication of 1616 folio secured his position as England’s then greatest living poet; held as Shakespeare’s equal, or even superior, for most of the seventeenth century: 536, 904

  Jopp, James (1721–94), provost of Aberdeen: 418

  Jorden, Revd William (d. 1739), college teacher; fellow and later bursar, chaplain and vice-regent of Pembroke College, Oxford; S.J.’s tutor; S.J.’s first published poem, a Latin version of Pope’s Messiah, written as a Christmas vacation exercise for him; rector of Standon, Staffordshire (1729–33): 39, 47, 147

  Jortin, Dr John (1698–1770), ecclesiastical historian and literary critic; preacher at the chapel of ease in Oxdenden Street (1747–60); rector of St Dunstan-in-the-East (1751); archdeacon of London (1764); author of Remarks onEcclesi-astical History (1751) and Life of Erasmus (2 vols., 1758–60); contributed to Donaldson’s Miscellanea Virgiliana (1825); became embroiled in a controversy with Richard Hurd: 657, 854

  Joseph, J.B.’s servant, see Ritter, Joseph

  Julien, or St Julien (fl. 1775), treasurer of the Clergy: 471

  Julius Caesar, Gaius (102–44 BC); Roman statesman and military commander; author of Commentaries on the Gallic War and the Civil War which followed his illegal return to Italy under arms in 49 BC, and from which he emerged triumphant; assassinated by pro-Republican zealots including Marcus Brutus and Caius Cassius; political, legal and constitutional reformer: 24, 615

  ‘Junius’, pseudonymous author of Letters published 1769–71: 331, 348, 727, 932–3

  Junius, Francis (1589–1677), philologist and writer on art; librarian to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel; author of art theory, De pictura veterum (1637); produced a comprehensive Latin-Old English glossary, a new Chaucer glossary and various glossaries of Old Germanic languages; surviving collection has proved invaluable to Germanic scholars: 106

  Justin (fl. 2nd or 3rd century ad); author of a Latin abridgement of the universal history of Pompeius Trogus: 58

  Kames, Henry Home, Lord (1696–1782), judge and writer; advocate-depute (1737); ordinary lord of session, taking the title Lord Kames (1752); author of Essays upon Several Subjects Concerning British Antiquities (1747) and Essays on the Principles of Morality and Natural Religion (1751); a founder of the Select Society (1754); director of the British Linen Company (1754-6); vice-president of the Philosophical Society (1755); friend of mentor of figures such as Hume, J.B. and Benjamin Franklin; commissioner of justiciary (1763); industrial and agricultural improver: 85, 290, 365 n. a, 367, 589, 657, 707, 714

  Kearney, Dr Michael (1733–1814), scholar; professor of modern history (1769–78), regius professor of law (1776-8) and Archbishop King’s lecturer (1774, 1777) at Trinity College, Dublin; contributed some notes to Malone’s edition of J.B.’s Life; author of Lectures Concerning History (1776): 257

  Kearsley, or Kearsly, George (d. 1790), London bookseller; original publisher of Wilkes’s North Britain (1762-3), arrested and sent to the Tower for issuing notorious no.45; bankrupted by legal expenses; later produced the collection The Beauties of Johnson (1781), the indiscriminate selection of which angered the author: 120 n. a, 803 n. a, 1000n. c

  Keene (fi. 1775): 475

  Keith, Dr Robert (1681–1757), Scottish Episcopal bishop and historian; minister to the Episcopal congregation in Barrenger’s Close, Edinburgh (1713–57); bishop of Fife (1733); author of History of the Affairs of Church and State in Scotland (1734) and A Large Catalogue of Bishops (1755); the most distinguished scholar among the Scottish Nonjurors: 13, 166

  Keith, Viscountess, see Thrale, Hester Maria

  Kelly, Hugh (1739–77), writer and attorney; author of a novel, Memoirs of a Magdalen (2 vols., 1767), a couplet poem, Thespis (1766-7), and several plays including False Delicacy (1768) and The School for Wives (1774), performed by Garrick at Drury Lane: 581, 584,993

  Kemble, John Philip (1757–1823), actor; worked at Drury Lane under Sheridan (from 1783); acting manager of Drury Lane (from 1788); achieved early critical success in this role with Henry VIII and Coriolanus; defected to buy a one-sixth share in Covent Garden (1802); posthumous reputation has suffered for falling between Garrick and Kean: 896–7

  Kempis, Thomas a (1380–1471), probable author of De Imitatione Christi: 646, 774, 917

  Ken, or Kenn, Dr Thomas (1637–1711), bishop of Bath and Wells (1685-8) and Nonjuror; rector of Little Easton, Essex (1663-5); comptroller of the royal household and Privy Councillor (1672); rector of Brighstone on the Isle of Wight (1667-9); rector of East Woodhay (1669); king’s chaplain (1680); acquaintance of Pepys; suffered deprivation after the Glorious Revolution (1688); refused to take oaths to monarchs after 1688; author of Manual of Prayers for the Use of Winchester Scholars (1674) and Practice of Divine Love (1685): 614 n. a, 922n. b

  Kennedy, Dr (fl. 1778), ‘not the Lisbon physician’, but probably Dr John Kennedy (below): 652–3

  Kennedy, Dr John (1698–1782), Church of England clergyman and chronologist; rector of Bradley, Derbyshire; author of A New Method of Stating and Explaining the Scriptural Chronology (1751) and A Complete System of Astronomical Chronology, Unfolding the Scriptures (1762), which contains a dedication to George III written by S.J.: 15, 195

  Kennicott, Dr Benjamin (1718–83), biblical scholar; chaplain to Bishop Robert Lowth of Oxford (1766); Radcliffe librarian at Oxford (1767–83); collator of Hebrew manuscripts of the Old Testament; compiled Vetus Testamentum Heb-raicum cum variis lectionibus (1776, 1780); enjoyed an international reputation transcending denominations: 327

  Kennicott, Mrs Ann (d. 1830), wife of Benjamin Kennicott; very friendly with Mrs Garrick, Fanny Burney and Hannah More; founder of two scholarships at Oxford for the promotion of Hebrew studies: 921–3, 932

  Kenrick, Dr William (1725? –79), writer and translator; author of The Whole Duty of Woman (1753); replaced Goldsmith as chief reviewer for the Monthly Review; translated Rousseau (1761-7) and Voltaire (1764); sought to engage S.J. in a controversy over his Dictionary, publishing his own New Dictionary of the English Language (1773); published Love in the Suds (1772), accusing Garrick of a homosexual relationship with Isaac Bickerstaff; professional writer who sullied his reputation with frequent and unjustified attacks on more famous contemporaries: 260–61, 286, 294, 662

  Kettell, Dr Ralph (1563–1643), president of Trinity College, Oxford: 158 n. b

  Kettlewell, John (1653–95), Nonjuring Church of England clergyman and theological writer; chaplain to the Countess of Bedford; vicar of Coleshill, Warwickshire (1682); remained fiercely loyal to James II after 1688; author of A Companion for the Penitent, and Persons Troubled in Mind (1694) and Of Christian Communion (1693): 922 n. b

  Keysler, Johann Georg (1683–1743), German traveller: 447<
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  Killaloe, bishop of, see Barnard, Dr Thomas

  Killingley, Mrs (fl. 1777), landlady of the Green Man, Ashbourne: 635

  Kilmarnock, William Boyd, 4th Earl of (1705–46), Jacobite general: 103

  Kimchi, Rabbi David (d. 1240): 24

  King, Dr William (1650–1729), Church of Ireland Archbishop of Dublin (1703–29); bishop of Derry (1691–1703); author of The State of the Protestants of Ireland under the Late King James’s Government (1691) and De origine male (1702); Lord Justice (1714–15, 1717, 1717–19); member of the Dublin Philosophical Society; the single most important Irish Protestant churchman of his era: 740 n. a

  King, Dr William (1685–1763), college head and Jacobite sympathizer; principal of St Mary Hall, Oxford (1719–65); correspondent of Swift; brought S.J. his MA diploma (1755); regular contributor to the opposition paper Common Sense; author ofMiltonis epistola adPollionem (1738), dedicated to Pope: 152 and n. b, 154 n. a, 186

  King, Dr (?William, 1701–69), Dissenting minister in London: 679

  Kippis, Dr Andrew (1725–95), Presbyterian minister and biographer; minister of the Presbyterian congregation meeting in Princes Street, Westminster (1753); contributor to the Gentleman’s Magazine and the Monthly Review; fellow of the Society of Antiquaries (1788) and the Royal Society (1779); tutor at the Dissenting college at Hackney (1786); editor and prime mover of the Biographia Britannica (1778–93); criticized for being partisan and inaccurate: 617 and n. a, 919, 973

  Knapton, John (d. 1770), bookseller; co-published the authorized text of Pope’s letters (1737) and enjoyed an association with the author from 1725; part of the booksellers who agreed to publish Johnson’s Dictionary in 1746: 104

  Knapton, Paul (d. 1755), bookseller; younger brother and partner of John Knapton: 104

  Kneller, Sir Godfrey (1646–1723), history and portrait painter; sent by Charles II to paint Louis XIV in France (1684); by the mid-1680s, the most important portrait painter in Britain; joint principal painter for William and Mary (1689), sole principal painter from 1691; knighted and gentleman of the Privy Chamber (1692); made knight of the Holy Roman Empire by Emperor Leopold (1700); continued as principal painter to Queen Anne; developed the ‘kit-cat’ portrait; principal painter for George I: 651–2