The Politically Incorrect Guide to Women, Sex, and Feminism
Page 20
6 Ibid.
7 “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance—United States, 2003,” 18.
8 “Facts in Brief: Sexual and Reproductive Health: Women and Men,” Alan Guttmacher Institute. Available at: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_10-02.html.
9 “Virginity and the First Time: A Series of Surveys on Teens About Sex.”
10 “With One Voice 2003: America’s Adults and Teens Sound Off About Teen Pregnancy,” National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, December 2003, 2. Available at: http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/data/pdf/wov2003.pdf.
Chapter 5: The Risks of Safe Sex
1 Robert Rector, “The Effectiveness of Abstinence Education Programs in Reducing Sexual Activity Among Youth,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder No. 1533, April 5, 2002.
2 “The Content of Federally Funded Abstinence-Only Education Programs,” Prepared for Rep. Henry Waxman, U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Government Reform, Dec. 2004.
3 For example, an intern at the Independent Women’s Forum went to a few college campuses in Fall 2004 and found free condoms being distributed by student organizations. For example, on George Washington University’s campus, a poster advertised “Join VFC (Voices for Choice) and get free condoms and pro-choice friends.”
4 Anastasia Higginbotham, “Chicks Goin’ At It,” in Barbara Findlen, editor, Listen Up: Voices from the Next Feminist Generation (Seal Press, Emeryville, CA, 2001), 17.
5 Jane White, “Are You Ready for Dogging?” Marie Claire, May 2005, 103.
6 Ibid., 104.
7 “Factsheet: How is the 34% statistic calculated?” National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Washington, DC, 2004. Available at: http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/reading/pdf/35percent.pdf.
8 “Not Just Another Single Issue: Teen Pregnancy Prevention’s Link to Other Critical Social Issues,” The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, February 2002, 2. Available at: http://www.teenpregnancy.org/resources/data/pdf/notjust.pdf.
9 Ibid.
10 “It’s Your (Sex) Life: Your Guide to Safe and Responsible Sex,” Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, August 18, 2005. Available at: http://www.kff.org/youthhivstds/upload/MTV_Think_IYSL_Booklet.pdf.
11 “Genital Herpes,” Health Matters, National Institute for Allergy and Infections Diseases, National Institute of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, September 2003. Available at: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdherp.htm.
12 “Chlamydia,” STD Surveillance 2003, Center for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/chlamydia.htm.
13 Rhoads, 108.
14 Ibid.
15 Dr. Meg Meeker, Epidemic: How Teen Sex Is Killing Our Kids, (Washington DC, LifeLine Press, 2002) 44.
16 Mary Eberstadt, Home-Alone America: The Hidden Toll of Day Care, Behavioral Drugs, and Other Parent Substitutes (New York, Sentinel, 2004) 131.
17 “Workshop Summary: Scientific Evidence of Condom Effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention,” National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, July 20, 2001, 26.
18 “Male Latex Condoms and Sexually Transmitted Diseases,” Fact Sheet for Public Health Personnel, National Center for HIV, STD and TB Prevention, Center for Disease Control, Department of Health and Human Services, available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pubs/facts/condoms.htm.
19 “Workshop Summary: Scientific Evidence of Condom Effectiveness for Sexually Transmitted Disease (STD) Prevention,” 14.
20 Meeker, 99.
21 Ibid., 113.
22 Ibid., 116.
23 Higginbotham, 17.
Chapter 6: Men Aren’t the Enemy
1 Shelia Ruth, Issues in Feminism: An Introduction to Women’s Studies, Fourth Edition (Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1998) 256.
2 Higginbotham, 13.
3 Lifetime Television. Available at: http://www.lifetimetv.com/community/olc/violence/facts_index.html.
4 Mary F. Rogers and C.D. Garrett, Who’s Afraid of Women’s Studies: Feminisms in Everyday Life (Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, CA, 2002) 42.
5 Margaret L. Anderson, Thinking About Women: Sociological Perspectives on Sex and Gender, Fifth Edition (Allyn & Bacon, Needham Heights, MA, 2000) 81.
6 Rogers and Garrett, 45.
7 Ruth, 254.
8 U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, “Homicide Trends in the U.S.” available at: http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/bjs/homicide/gender.htm.
9 Cathy Young, “Domestic Violence: An In-Depth Analysis” Independent Women’s Forum, Position Paper No. 504, September 30, 2005.
10 Christina Hoff Sommers, Who Stole Feminism?: How Women Have Betrayed Women, (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1995) 188-192.
11 For example, see Ginny Holbert, “Super Bowl Timeout to Protect Women,” Chicago Sun-Times, January 18, 1993, 30, and “Super Bowl Sunday Leads to Battered Wives, Say Activists,” Orlando Sentinel, January 30, 1993, A3.
12 Linda J. Waite and Maggie Gallagher, The Case for Marriage: Why Married People Are Happier, Healthier, and Better Off Financially (Doubleday, New York, 2000) 150-151.
13 Ibid.
14 Ibid., 154.
15 Ibid., 155.
16 Ibid., 153.
17 Ibid., 155.
18 For example, Gallagher and Waite found that even after controlling for education, race, age, and gender, people who live together are still three times more likely to report violent arguments than married people. Ibid., 156.
19 Callie Marie Rennison, Ph.D and Michael R. Rand, “Criminal Victimization, 2002,” Bureau of Justice Statistics National Crime Victimization Survey, August 2003, 3.
20 Sommers, 211.
21 Ibid., 212.
22 Ibid., 214.
Chapter 7: Marriage: Happier Ever After
1 Radical Feminism, edited by Anne Koedt, Ellen Levine, and Anita Rapone, (Quadrangle, New York Times Book Company, 1973) 374.
2 Patrick F. Fagan, Robert E. Rector, and Lauren R. Noyes, “Why Congress Should Ignore Radical Feminist Opposition to Marriage,” Heritage Backgrounder #1662, June 16, 2003, 4.
3 Betty Friedan, The Second Stage (Summit Books, New York, 1981) 22.
4 Ruth, 235.
5 Ibid.
6 For example, “A husband barters some of his income and freedom for the kind of services and satisfactions a wife provides. What does a wife barter? For the financial security (now not a clear return for the more than 54 percent of all married women who work outside the home), for the status of being married, for love and companionship, women take on almost limitless labors of service to their home and family. Whereas a husband takes on a “job” involving specifiable hours, tasks and rewards, a wife takes on a lifestyle.” Ruth, 237. And, “Married women still tend to shoulder most of the care-taking responsibilities in the household; the husband is, among other things, another person within the family needing care. Besides doing domestic labor, a “good” wife is supposed to provide emotional support to the husband.... Arlie Hochschild struck a chord in many households when she published her book The Second Shift, on the stressful results of this division of labor. Women with children face tremendous burdens when their marriages break up, but they are also left with one less person to manage.” Virginia Sapiro, Women in American Society: An Introduction to Women’s Studies, Fourth Edition, (Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1999) 188.
7 Jaclyn Geller, Here Comes The Bride: Women, Weddings and The Marriage Mystique (Four Walls Eight Windows, New York, 2001) 71.
8 “The wedding planning magazine FOR YOU,” Philadelphia Tribune, May 28, 2002, Vol. 118; No. 55; 1B.
9 Waite and Gallagher, 70.
10 Ibid., 67.
11 Ibid., 68.
12 “As American Women See It; Motherhood Today—A Tougher Job, Less Ably Done,” The Pew Research Center for People and the Press, May 9, 1997, 5.
13 Ruth, 244-245.
14 Waite and Gallagher, 121. For a longer discussion of the effects of marriage and divorce on women and men’s financial security, see 97-123.
15 Elizabeth Warren and Amelia Warren Tyagi, The Two-Income Trap: Why Middle-Class Mothers & Fathers Are Going Broke (Basic Books, New York, 2003) 55-70.
16 Waite and Gallagher, 114.
17 Ibid., 113.
18 Charlotte A. Shoenborn, “Marital Status and Health: United States, 1999-2002,” Advance Data from Vital and Health Statistics Number 351, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, December 15, 2004, 1. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/ad/ad351.pdf.
19 Shoenborn, 1.
20 Waite and Gallagher, 47-77.
21 Ibid., 82.
22 Nancy Wartik, “The Perils of Playing House,” Psychology Today, July/August 2005.
23 Ibid.
24 Ibid.
25 Jennifer Roback Morse, Smart Sex: Finding Life-Long Love in a Hook-Up World, (Spence Publishing Company, Dallas, 2005) 50.
26 Ibid., 99.
27 Ibid., 98.
28 E. Kay Trimberger, The New Single Woman (Beacon Press, Boston, 2005).
Chapter 8: Divorce
1 Wendy Murray Zoba, “Take a Little Time Out,” ChristianityToday, February 7, 2000. Available at: http://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/002/34.86.html.
2 Barbara Dafoe Whitehead and David Popenoe, “The State of Our Unions: The Social Health of Marriage, 2004” The National Marriage Project, 2004, 15. Available at: http://marriage.rutgers.edu/Publications/SOOU/TEXTSOOU2004.htm.
3 Virginia Sapiro, Women in American Society: An Introduction to Women’s Studies, Fourth Edition, (Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1999) 397.
4 Ashton Applewhite, Cutting Loose: Why Women Who End Their Marriages Do So Well (HarperCollins Publishers, New York, 1997) xv.
5 Ibid., 2.
6 Ibid., 21.
7 Linda J. Waite, Don Browning, William J. Doherty, Maggie Gallagher, Ye Luo, and Scott M. Stanley, “Does Divorce Make People Happy? Findings from a Study of Unhappy Marriages,” Institute for American Values, 2002, 4.
8 Ibid.
9 Ibid., 5.
10 Waite and Gallagher, 149.
11 Waite, Browning, Doherty, Gallagher, Luo, and Stanley, 6.
12 Ibid., 7.
13 Ibid., 7-8.
14 Applewhite, 246.
15 Ibid., 255.
16 Ibid., 249.
17 Waite, Browning, Doherty, Gallagher, Luo, and Stanley, 7.
18 Applewhite, 169-170.
19 Ibid., 171.
20 Patrick F. Fagan, Robert E. Rector, Kirk A. Johnson, Ph.D. and America Peterson “The Positive Effect of Marriage: A Book of Charts,” The Heritage Foundation, 30-40. Available at: http://www.heritage.org/Research/Features/Marriage/loader.cfm?url=/commonspot/security/getfile.cfm&PageID=48119.
21 The Positive Effect of Marriage: A Book of Charts, 29. Chart is taken from Cynthia Harper and Sara McLanahan, “Father Absence and Youth Incarceration,” paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociologoical Association in San Francisco, August 1998. Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth.
22 Judith S. Wallerstein, Julia M. Lewis, and Sandra Blakeslee, The Unexpected Legacy of Divorce: The 25 Year Landmark Study (Hyperion, New York, 2000) xxxii-xxxiii.
23 Ibid., 188.
24 Ibid., 90.
25 Ibid., 26.
26 “Contrary to what we have long thought, the major impact of divorce does not occur during childhood or adolescence. Rather, it rises in adulthood as serious romantic relationships move center stage.” Ibid., xxxv.
27 Ibid., 299.
28 Ibid., xxxix.
29 Ibid., xxxvii.
30 Ibid., 307.
Chapter 9: Fertility Facts
1 “Ad plays up biological clock,” Chicago Sun-Times, August 7, 2001.
2 Betsy Hart, “Delaying Motherhood Ignores Hard Realities,” Chicago Sun-Times, April 14, 2002.
3 Kim Gandy, “Campaign goes too far,” USA Today, September 6, 2002, 14A.
4 Michelle Quinn, “Waiting too Long,” San Jose Mercury News, August 4, 2002.
5 Sapiro, 402-439.
6 Hilary Lips, Sex & Gender: An Introduction (Mayfield Publishing Company, Mountain View, California, 1988) 195.
7 Ibid., 196.
8 Arthur Caplan, “Is it ever too late,” The Philadelphia Inquirer, November 18, 2004, A35.
9 “Patient’s Fact Sheet: Prediction of Fertility Potential in Older Female Patients,” American Society of Reproductive Medicine, August 1996. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/FactSheets/Older_Female-Fact.pdf.
10 “Prevention of Infertility Source Document: The Impact of Age on Female Fertility,” American Society of Reproductive Medicine, 1. Available at: http://www.protectyourfertility.org/docs/age_femaleinfertility.doc.
11 “Age and Fertility: A Guide for Patients,” American Society for Reproductive Medicine, 3. Available at: http://www.asrm.org/Patients/patient-booklets/agefertility.pdf.
12 “Age and Fertility: A Guide for Patients,” 6.
13 Richard Scott, MD and Pamela Madsen, “What Mother Didn’t Tell You About Fertility... Because No One Ever Told Her,” American Infertility Association, 6. Available at: http://www.theafa.org/faqs/afa_whatmotherdidnotsay.html.
14 Ibid., 3.
15 Ibid.
16 Psyche Pascual, “Financing Infertility Treatments,” “A Healthy Me.” Available at: http://www.ahealthyme.com/topic/infertilityfinance.
17 Sylvia Ann Hewlett, Creating a Life: Professional Women and the Quest for Children (Talk Miramax Books, New York, 2002) 1.
18 Ibid., 2.
19 Ibid., 3.
20 Ibid., 86
21 Ibid., 86
22 Ibid., 87
23 Frank Newport, “Desire to Have Children Alive and Well in America,” The Gallup Poll, August 19, 2003, 2.
24 Hewlett, 9.
Chapter 10: Abortion
1 “What If Roe Fell? The State-by-State Consequences of Overturning Roe v. Wade,” Center for Reproductive Rights, September 2004.
2 “The Current Situation in the UK,” Abortion Rights. Available at: http://www.abortionrights.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=44.
3 “Summary of European Abortion Laws,” Pregnant Pause. Available at www.pregnantpause.org/lex/lexeuro.htm.
4 Annual Review of Population Law, Available at: http://annualreview.law.harvard.edu/population/abortion/SWEDEN.abo.htm.
5 Steve Doughty, “At 24 weeks, our time limit is most liberal in Europe, Daily Mail (London), March 17, 2005.
6 “Abortion Surveillance—United States, 2000,” Morbidity and Mortality Week Report, November 28, 2003, Vol. 52, No. SS-12.
7 “Facts in Brief: Induced Abortion,” Alan Guttmacher Institute. Available at: www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion.html. And, “Fact Sheet: Abortion in the U.S.” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, January 2003.
8 “Induced Abortions,” Medical Library, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Available at: http://www.medem.com/medlb/article_detaillb.cfm?article_ID=ZZZ2K98T77C&sub_cat=2006.
9 “Facts in Brief: Induced Abortion,” Alan Guttmacher Institute, Available at: www.guttmacher.org/pubs/fb_induced_abortion.html.
10 “Fact Sheet: Abortion in the U.S.” The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, January 2003.
11 “Is Abortion Safe? Physical Complications,” National Right to Life. Available at: www.nrlc.org/abortion/ASMF/asmf13.html.
12 (Doe, 410 U.S. at 192)
13 “Roe Reality Check #2,” United States Council of Catholic Bishops. Available at: http://www.usccb.org/prolife/RoeRealityCheck2.pdf.
Chapter 11: Work in the Real World
1 “Women in the Labor Force: A Databook,” Report 973, U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statis
tics, February 2004, 9.
2 Ibid., 6.
3 Ibid., 19.
4 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Early Child Care Research Network, “Does Amount of Time Spent in Child Care Predict Socioemotional Adjustment During the Transition to Kindergarten,” Child Development, July/August, 2003, Volume 74, Number 4, 976.
5 “20 Leading Occupations of Employed Women Full-time Wage and Salary Workers, 2003 Annual Averages,” U.S. Department of Labor, Women’s Bureau, April 25, 2005. Fact sheet available at: http://www.dol.gov/wb/factsheets/20lead2003.htm.
6 Charmaine Yoest, “What Do Parents Want?” The American Enterprise, May/June 1998.
7 “Motherhood Today—A Tough Job, Less Ably Done: As American Women See It,” Pew Research Center for the People & the Press, May 9, 1997.
Chapter 12: The Myth of Having It All
1 Betty Holcomb, Not Guilty! : The Good News For Working Mothers (Touchstone, New York, 2000) 35.
2 Ibid., 120.
3 “Motherhood Today—A Tough Job, Less Ably Done: As American Women See It,” 7.
4 “Time-Use Survey,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, Department of Labor, September 14, 2004. Available at: http://www.bls.gov/news.release/pdf/atus.pdf.
5 Warren Farrell, Why Men Earn More (American Management Association, New York, 2005).
6 Ibid., 27, 44.
7 Ibid., xxiv-xxv.
Chapter 13: Daycare Delusions
1 “Child care in the United States is, by virtue of the character of the family, largely a system of private care. The parent-child unit is allegedly self-sufficient and, given the gender division of labor, the responsibility for child care falls heavily on individual women. The experience of mothers (or other caregivers) is based on the assumption that children are best cared for by their biological mother. Exceptions to this design do exist, although even then the arrangements for child care are usually managed by the mother, and it is other women who do the work. Although it is more and more impractical to do so, mothers usually have the major responsibility for the everyday care of their children.” Anderson, 189.