GCHQ

by Richard Aldrich

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  Index

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  AB Cryptoteknik 213

  ‘ABC’ trial (1977–78) 8, 359–61, 423, 459

  Abernethy, Barbara 70

  Abu Hamza al-Masri 542

  Abyssinia (Ethiopia) 19

  Adams, Gerry 500

  Aden (Yemen) 6, 156, 164, 345

  Admiralty Signals Division 137

  Admoni, Nahum 471

  Adye, John 427, 431, 476, 483, 494, 495, 598, 608

  aerial reconnaissance 31, 59

  Afghanistan 387, 420, 421, 510, 511, 533–9

  Africa 99, 148, 182, 268, 299, 336, 454–5, 479

  Aid, Matthew 521 Aiken, John 326, 327, 328, 331

  Airborne Rafter programme 267, 538

  Aitken, Jonathan 493–5

  al-Badr, Imam 163–4

  al-Jazeera 513–14 al-Qaeda 9, 509–11, 513–14, 517, 532

  Alanbrooke, Field Marshal Lord 45

  Aldeburgh (Suffolk) 286

  Aldridge, Peter 449

  Alexander, A.V. 123–4

  Alexander, Hugh 25, 27, 78, 96, 599

  Allen, Lew 357

  Allied Commission for Austria and London 170

  Alp, Saffet 314

  Alvear, Soledad 519

  American Office of Naval Intelligence 143

  American Type-777 satellite 348

  Amery, Julian 162–3, 295

  Ames, Aldrich 385, 444

  Amory, Robert 158

  Amsterdam 487

  Anaya, Admiral Jorge 389, 393, 395

  Anderson, Jack 344

  Andrew, Christopher 2, 362

  Anglo-American-Commonwealth sigint 64, 82, 152

  Anglo-American relations 7–8; and Balkans 472–5; and Berlin tunnel operation 172–6; changing nature of 441–3, 449–50; and cost of cooperation 222–3; and Cuba 341–2; deterioration in 281–95, 333; and Far East 151–2; and global sigint 89–101; gradual improvement in 295–8; impact of politics on 278; and liberating of Axis sigint 47–56; and Nimrod programme 268–70, 273–4; and Project Sandra 322–3; and public disclosure of sigint material on 355–7, 358, 361–2; and sale of cypher machines 209–15; shared problems 333–4; and sigint 7–8, 38–46, 91–2; and sigint satellite and computer revolution 347–54, 437–8; successful Russian intercepts 279–81; and Suez crisis 157–9; and Third World bases 334–9; and trade unions at GCHQ 421–2, 429; in Turkey 302; and Venona Project 72–88; in wartime 38–46

  Angola 357, 454–5

  Ankara 58, 254, 302, 303, 305, 310–11, 313, 315, 318, 330

  Annan, Kofi 523–4

  Antalya (Turkey) 326

  Anti-Christ Doom Squad 487

  Anti-Smuggling Task Force (Hong Kong) 477

  AQ Khan network 531

  Aquarius (computer) 349

  Arab-Israeli War (1973) see Yom Kippur War

  Arab states 109

  Arafat, Yasser 277

  Aral Sea 306

  Arbuthnot, Mrs 70

  Arctic Circle 133, 136–9, 144–6, 147, 265

  Argentina 307–8, 388–415

  Argentine Air Force 401, 408, 410, 415

  Argentine Army 396

  Argentine Navy 395, 405, 408

  Argus satellite 377

  Arlington Hall (US Army code-breaking centre, Washington) 45, 74, 77, 80, 83

  arms control 203, 257, 287, 288, 290

  Armstrong, Sir Robert 416, 425, 427, 428, 430–1

  Army Intelligence Corps 230

  Army Security Agency 80

  as-Sallal, Abdullah 163–4

  Ascension Island 162, 278, 321, 392, 414

  Ash, Timothy Garton 465

  Athens 324, 330

  Atlantic, Battle of (WWII) 42, 60

  Atlas (computer) 349–50

  Atomic Demolition Munitions (ADMS) 249

  Atomic Energy Authority (AEA) 261

  Atomic Energy Intelligence 155

  atomic and nuclear weapons 2, 5, 36, 45; and Anglo-US arms control 287–9; at Los Alamos 75, 76, 82; British 163, 249; Chinese 155; need for better intelligence on 253, 255, 321–3; Soviet 107–8, 112, 114, 116, 119, 131–2, 148, 157, 173, 301–2; spiralling of arms race 438–9; US 249; US put on alert (1973) 293–4

  Atomic Weapons Establishment (Aldermaston, Berkshire) 418–19

  Attlee, Clement 73, 86

  ATV 432

  Aubrey, Crispin 358–9, 360

  Auckland (New Zealand) 487

  Audiotel 480

  Augsburg (Germany) 48

  Austin, Harris M. 115

  Australia 79, 80, 85–8, 89, 90, 92–4, 98, 154, 164, 165, 167, 168, 213, 467, 477, 487, 533; Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO) 86–7, 88; Central Bureau 92; Defence Signals Branch (DSB) 151, 153, 213; Defence Signals Department (DSD) 348; Royal Australian Air Force 150; Royal Australian Navy 266; Royal Australian Signals 166

  Austria 96, 371, 384

  Automatic Data Processing 353

  Ayios Nikolaos (Cyprus) 156, 162, 163, 230, 234, 327, 328, 358–9, 360, 383, 384

  Azerbaijan 109

  Bad Aibling (Germany) 423

  Bad Godesberg (Germany) 215

  Badger’s Lair (SAS training exercise) 249–50

  BAE Systems Ltd 544

  Baghdad (Iraq) 161, 468, 469, 471, 524

  Baghdad Pact 161

  Bahia Paraios (Argentinean ship) 394, 395

  Bahrain 347

  Baillie, George 122

  Bain, Helen 445

  Baldwin, Stanley 18, 72, 400

>   Balgat (Turkey) 303

  Bali bombing (2002) 511, 513

  Balkanabteilung (German code-breaking HQ) 50

  Balkans 51

  Baltic 112, 114, 116, 125, 285

  Baltic Sea 273

  Bamford, James 263, 361–2, 521

  Bandaranaike, Solomon 160

  Bank of England 241, 487

  Banner, Gordon 312–16, 318

  Barbieri, Major 52, 53–4

  Barents Sea 114, 115

  Barker, Nick 391–2

  Barkley, Howard 77

  Barsby, Mrs 374–5

  Basra (Iraq) 466, 525

  Battle of Britain 29

  Bay of Pigs crisis (1961) 8, 226

  BBC 330, 348, 429, 501, 517, 523–4; BBC Scotland 459

  Beach, Sir Hugh 380, 381

  Bearman, Sid 595

  Beasley, Tony 133–9

  Beaumanor Hall (Leicestershire) 63

  Beijing 476

  Belbasi (Turkey) 302

  Belfast 261, 500, 501

  Belgium 442, 492

  Bell, Rod 409, 410

  Benitez, Rafael 114, 115

  Benjamin, Ralph 216

  Benn, Tony 227

  Bennett, Ralph 59

  Bentinck, Victor Cavendish 67

  Bergen (Norway) 450

  Bergold, Harry 295

  Beria, Lavrentii 107

  Berlin 112, 127–8, 130, 196–7, 227, 228, 253, 270, 369, 370, 372, 478; Berlin Blockade (1948) 71, 113; Berlin Cryptographic Centre 50; Berlin tunnel 169, 170, 172–6, 373, 477

  Berlusconi, Silvio 532

  Berry, John 358–9, 360

  Betts, Richard 600

  Beulmann, Major 50

  Bevin, Ernest 70

  BfV (German domestic security service) 452–3

  bin Laden, Osama 511, 513, 514, 549

  Binalshibh, Ramzi 514

  Bingham, Lord 481

  Birch, Frank 43

  Bitburg (Germany) 131

  Black, Jeremy 407, 408

  black chambers 4, 14

  ‘Black Friday’ (29 October 1948) 81, 108, 119, 169, 280

  Black Sea 112, 131–2, 301, 302, 311, 313, 317, 319

  Blair, Tony 4, 436, 497–8, 500, 504, 506, 509, 515, 517, 519, 530, 532

  Blake, George 173, 174–5, 176, 178, 179, 238, 385

  Bleckede 127

  Bletchley Park 103, 186, 188, 221, 354, 549; Americans at 39, 43; and breaking ‘Red’ 25–6; closure of 67–71; and cypher security 54–9; expansion and reorganisation 27–8, 62–3; GCHQ as successor to 1, 5; Huts Three and Six 23, 25, 36, 48, 64–5, 119, 121, 356, 362–3, 364, 387; and machine-based espionage 5; military emphasis at 22–3; post-war role 60–1, 63–7; release of records on 355; SIS GC&CS moves to 22–8; takeover of Axis sigint effort 47–54; tight security measures at 69; unmasking of 362–3; wartime value and achievements 59–60, 61–3; wartime work of 1–2, 5, 25–9, 30, 31–46, 109–10