The Boom: How Fracking Ignited the American Energy Revolution and Changed the World
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Coolidge, Erick, 214
Cornell University, 235, 258, 309
C. W. Slay #1 well, 8, 24
Dallas, Tex., 21, 31, 92, 116, 135, 157, 294, 298, 310
Barnett Shale and, 8, 148, 150, 155
natural gas and, 93, 187
and opposition to coal, 243, 246
Trinity Aquifer and, 108
Dalrymple, Jack, 44
Davidson, Kenny, 172
Davidson, Richard, 160–61
Deepwater Horizon:
explosion of, 260–61, 273–76, 286, 290
well construction integrity of, 274–75, 290
Devon Energy:
acquisitions of, 137, 142–45, 155, 157, 162
Barnett Shale and, 143–50, 152–53, 155
comparisons between Chesapeake and, 155–57, 188
competition of, 142–43, 152, 188
finances of, 137–38, 141–42, 148, 152
fracking and, 143–44, 149, 155, 190
gas and, 137, 141–42, 144–45, 148, 150, 152, 190
horizontal drilling of, 137, 144, 146–47, 149–50, 153, 190–91
imitators of, 150, 153
mineral rights leasing and, 137, 142, 150, 152
origins of, 141
and research and development, 143–45, 147–48, 155
and sale of Mitchell Energy, 134–37
Devonian Shale, 146
Dickinson, N.Dak., 38–39, 44–45
D. J. Hughes #1 well, 91–92
Doochin, Jeremy, 253
Dow Chemical, 70
Downs, Roger:
gas and, 255, 257, 259, 261–62
New York and, 255–59, 261–63
Pope and, 257, 259
Ross #1 and, 255–58, 262
Drake, Edwin L., 63–65, 67
drilling funds, 138–42
Duke University:
basketball team of, 165–66
McClendon’s enrollment at, 8–9, 156, 164–68, 195, 207
Dunham, Archie, 208
Dushore, Pa., 226
Eads, Ralph, III, 250
California energy crisis and, 180, 182–84
Chesapeake-EIG joint venture and, 207
Chesapeake’s finances and, 163, 166, 185, 188, 195–96, 205, 207
Duke basketball and, 165–66
energy trading of, 180–85
investment banking career of, 163, 166, 180, 185, 188, 195–96
McClendon’s relationship with, 163, 165–66, 177–78, 180, 185, 188, 195–96, 204–5
Eagle Ford Shale, 57, 192
Eagles Mere, Pa., 215
earthquakes, man-made, 31
East Virgil prospect, 170–73
economics, economy, 5–6, 38, 73, 96, 172, 301–7
Barnett Shale and, 104, 124
crises in, 52, 54, 79, 138, 192, 197, 200, 203, 303–5
Fast on, 79
fracking and, 8, 24–25, 35–36, 43, 77, 81–82, 85, 103–4, 113, 124, 126–27, 135, 240, 261, 272
gas and, 8–9, 35, 74, 102–3, 129–31, 138–39, 141–42, 145, 156, 178–80, 182–89, 191, 194, 197, 203–4, 206, 209, 225, 240, 242, 249, 251, 262, 264, 266, 268, 285, 298, 302, 304–5
Meadowses on, 94–95
in Mehoopany, 26
oil and, 8–9, 50, 56–57, 74, 125, 129, 133–34, 138, 141, 167, 179, 282, 285
recessions and, 9, 50, 54, 167
of Sullivan County, 225–26, 235, 237
U.S. energy policy and, 162, 303–4
see also taxes
EIG Global Energy Partners, 207–8
electricity, 14
California energy crisis and, 180, 182–83
coal and, 5–6, 32, 35, 241, 243–45, 248, 262–65
deregulation of, 266
gas and, 5, 32, 35–36, 59, 178, 180, 225, 241, 244–45, 248, 262–65, 267
prices of, 183, 225, 237
renewable energy and, 35, 113, 254, 263, 301–2
Ellenberger formation, 143–45, 153–54
El Paso, El Paso Merchant, 195
California energy crisis and, 182–84
energy trading of, 180–86
El Paso Natural Gas, 80, 82
Emerson, Arne, 295
employees, employment, 21–22, 25, 47
in Bakken Shale, 46, 52
Chesapeake and, 159, 191, 208
energy consumption and, 5
gas and, 304–5
Gearhart and, 282, 291
incomes of, 62
layoffs and, 75, 115, 251, 257, 282
McClendon’s background and, 167–68
Marcellus Shale and, 228–29
in Mehoopany, 26
New York and, 261
North Dakota and, 37–38, 46, 57
oil prices and, 125
Sullivan County and, 214, 225–26, 236
unemployment and, 46, 186
well construction integrity and, 286–88, 290
energy, 94, 239, 270, 284
change and, 12, 36, 50, 151–52, 155, 213, 302–3, 306
Chesapeake’s finances and, 194–95
Chu on, 58–59
conservation of, 72–73, 83, 99, 301
Cooke and, 280
crises in, 82–83, 180, 182–85, 282
deregulation of, 178, 180–81
ethics issues and, 12
Fast and, 72–73, 79
fracking and, 2, 5–6, 13, 17, 29, 34–36, 81–82, 128, 143, 238, 240, 260, 272, 300–301, 303, 305–8
in future, 232, 266, 268, 301
Hanger and, 266–67
independents and, 2–5
McClendon and, 8–10, 158–63, 175, 178, 187, 189, 194, 241, 248–50
mineral rights and, 13, 23–24, 191
Mitchell and, 90, 96–97, 106, 113
Nixon on, 50, 81, 83, 162
Perot Museum and, 295
Pope and, 241, 254, 251, 259
and proximity of wells, 19
shales and, 14–15, 25–27, 34, 151–52, 155, 302–3, 305–7
sharing information on, 190
Steinsberger and, 121–22
Sullivan County and, 210, 213–14, 224, 234–37
trading in, 180–86, 197–201, 245
U.S. policy on, 50, 58–59, 81, 83, 162, 301–8
Ward and, 168–69
see also specific sources of energy
Energy Department, U.S., 82, 272, 306
Engelder, Terry, 233–36
Enron, 173–74, 185, 201, 205
energy trading of, 180–81
environment, 4–6, 33–34, 276, 301
of Burkburnett, 20–21, 34
coal and, 242, 245–48
Deepwater Horizon and, 260–61, 274
fracking and, 5–6, 9–10, 13, 30, 59, 80, 240, 248, 263, 292, 309
gas and, 225, 245, 261, 267
Hanger and, 266–67
McClendon and, 240–41, 249–51, 253
mineral rights and, 23
Mitchell and, 9–10, 95–97
modern shale communities and, 25, 27
New York and, 256–58, 262
Pope and, 240–42, 249–51, 254, 259
Sullivan County and, 214–15, 222–24, 232–37
water contamination and, see under water
see also climate change
Environmental Defense Fund, 261
Environmental Quality Commission, Tex., 309
EOG Resources, 55, 188, 228–29, 295
Etheridge, Carolyn, 107
Ewing, Jay R., 149–50
Exxon, Exxon Mobil, 3, 21, 71, 91, 134, 196, 267, 304
Cooke and, 271, 277–80, 288
Southlake and, 298–99
Tillerson and, 24, 58, 154, 300, 303
Farris, Riley “Floyd,” 71–76
cement and, 71–72, 75
fracking and, 72–73, 75–76, 78
Fast, Bob, 72–79
background of, 72, 79
fracking and, 73, 75–76, 78–79, 92
Fast, Rob, 73, 79<
br />
Fayetteville Shale, 155, 192
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), 183–84
Fersing, Jan, 204
Finger Lakes, 258
Fish, Anthony, 61–62
Flatirons Development, 286–90
Fort Worth, Tex., 5, 117, 188, 204, 227, 281, 295–96, 298
Barnett Shale and, 3, 15, 123, 145, 150, 153–54, 295
Grimes’s lawsuit and, 22
mineral rights leases and, 88, 150, 153–54, 295
Mitchell and, 7, 87–88, 151
oil engineering community in, 126–28
Steinsberger and, 115–16, 121, 125–27
Trinity Aquifer and, 108
water contamination and, 97–98
Fort Worth Petroleum Club, 153
Foster, Brad, 143–45, 147–48
Founders Well Participation Program, 202–3, 208
Four Sevens Oil, 150–51
Fox, Josh, 239, 260, 267
fracturing, hydraulic fracturing (fracking):
Bakken Shale and, 38–49, 51–57, 60–62, 303
Barnett Shale and, 103–4, 113, 117–25, 128–30, 143–49, 153–54, 227, 303
Bartonville and, 299–300
benefits of, 19, 25–27, 33, 261
Cooke and, 270–71, 280–81, 292
Devon and, 143–44, 149, 155, 190
early experiments on, 54–55
environment and, 5–6, 9–10, 13, 30, 59, 80, 240, 248, 263, 292, 309
of existing wells, 74–77, 103, 129
Farris and, 72–73, 75–76, 78
finances of, 8, 24–25, 35–36, 43, 77, 81–82, 85, 103–4, 113, 124, 126–27, 135, 240, 261, 272
Foster on, 143, 145
gas and, 2–3, 5–6, 13, 18, 23–24, 27–31, 33, 73–74, 76–78, 80–85, 92, 120–22, 126–27, 129–30, 135, 143, 147–48, 188, 248, 262, 298, 303, 305, 309
Gold’s parents’ land and, 11–12, 31–32
Hail Mary, 55–56
health impact assessments and, 308
history and, 63–64, 66–68, 72–85, 92, 282
improvements in, 43, 56–57, 78–79, 309
of Klepper, 73–74
McClendon and, 158, 163–64, 188, 239–41, 267
Marcellus Shale and, 221, 227–29, 231–32
mineral rights and, 23–24, 123, 296
Mitchell and, 8–10, 24, 84–85, 92, 103–4, 113, 117–19, 121–23, 125–26, 129, 134–36, 143–44, 190, 271
negative associations of, 297
New York and, 255–59, 261–62
North Dakota and, 37–49, 51–57, 60–62, 122
oil and, 2–3, 5–6, 13, 18, 23, 27–30, 33–34, 40–41, 43–44, 48, 52, 54, 62–64, 66–70, 75–78, 80, 82, 103, 297, 303, 305
opposition to, 64, 211, 233, 235, 237–40, 248, 257–63, 267, 296–98, 309
Perot Museum and, 295–96
Pope and, 240–41
and proximity of wells, 19–20, 26–27, 30
prevalence of, 2–3, 12, 24–25, 27–28, 44, 296, 303, 305
refracking and, 129, 135–36
regulation of, 25–26, 30, 32–33, 52, 306
renewable energy and, 34–35, 240, 306
Roberts’s torpedo and, 63, 66–70, 73
safety precautions for, 38, 40–41, 44–45, 73
slick-water, 73, 121–22, 125, 128–29, 135, 143, 190, 227
Southlake and, 298–99
spellings of, 297
Stanolind and, 43, 74, 78–79, 92, 122, 282, 297
Steinsberger and, 117–26, 128–30, 133, 190, 301
Sullivan County and, 210–11, 218, 221, 226, 233, 237
support for, 233–35, 237, 296–98
technology of, 2, 5–10, 13–15, 17–18, 27–31, 33, 40, 42, 47–48, 51–57, 60–61, 63–64, 66–68, 72–73, 75–85, 92, 103, 116–22, 124, 126–29, 135, 143–44, 146–47, 154, 190, 226–27, 229, 258, 280, 286, 292, 306–7
U.S. energy policy and, 303, 305–8
water and, see under water
well construction integrity and, 286, 289–90, 308
Wise County and, 92–93, 103
Frankel, Paul, 305–6
Fredericksburg, Battle of, 66
Fredonia, N.Y., 18
front running, 199
Fruitland coal formation, 142
Fu Chengyu, 163
Fudge, Barney, 23
Fullenwider, Sarah, 151
Fuller, Buckminster, 95
Galveston, Tex., 88–90, 112
Gardere & Wynne, 105
Gasbuggy, Project, 80–81
Gasland, 260
gasoline, 2, 6, 40, 49, 58, 73–74, 164, 265
Gas Research Institute, 84–85
Gastem USA, 255–56, 258, 262
Gearhart, Marvin, 281–86, 291–92
background of, 281–83
Cooke’s RDT and, 281, 283–85, 292
well construction integrity and, 281–82
Geo-Shot, 291
Germany, 279, 301–2
Getz, Bob, 226
Ghawar, 17
“Ghost Ridin’ Grandma,” 269–70, 284
Glenpool, Okla., 104–5
Golden Trend gas field, 168–69
Goldman Sachs, 113, 134, 163, 201
Goodman Drilling, 21–22
Graby, William, 261
Graham Shoop #6 well, 147
Great Depression, 79, 138, 200
green completions, 32, 309–10
greenhouse gases, 32, 235, 250, 262–66, 308
Greenspan, Alan, 304
Grigsby, Jennifer, 160–61
Grimes, Ottis, 20–23, 25, 27, 34, 36
lawsuit of, 22–23, 26, 300
mineral rights lacked by, 21–22, 25
guar, 51–54
Gulf of Mexico, 16, 60, 90, 195
Deepwater Horizon and, 260, 273–74
oil and gas drilling in, 19, 75, 113, 134, 164, 260, 273–74
Hall, Jeff, 134–37
Halliburton, 52, 83, 271, 274
Cooke’s RDT and, 279, 283
Halliburton Oil Well Cementing Company (HOWCO), 76
Hallwood Group, 153–55
Hamm, Harold, 171–72
Hanger, John, 266–67
Hann, Megan, 171–72
Hargis, V. Burns, 160–61
Hart, Bill, 223–24
Haynesville Shale, 192, 206
health impact assessments, 308
Helmerich & Payne (H&P), 145
Henderson, Sly, 45–48
and fracking of Irene Kovaloff, 45, 47–48, 60–61
Henry Hub, 185
Heritage Management Company, 198–99
Hickenlooper, John, 52
Holiday, Billie, 162
Hood, Henry, 207–8
Houston, Tex., 27, 52, 58–59, 199, 201, 270–71
Cooke and, 277–78
Eads and, 165, 185, 195, 204
energy trading in, 180–83
Marathon and, 39, 42
Mitchell and, 7, 86, 88–91, 95–96, 134–37, 271
and opposition to coal, 243, 246
Houston Natural Gas, 173, 180
Hubbert, M. King, 77–79
Hugoton natural gas field, 73
Humble Oil and Refining, 91, 118
Hutton, Keith, 154
Icahn, Carl, 161
Independence, Project, 50
independents, 2–5, 24, 112–13
Ingraffea, Anthony, 235–36
International Energy Agency (IEA), 50, 264–66
Intrieri, Vincent, 161–62
Irene Kovaloff 11–18H well:
delays at, 45, 47
fracking of, 38–49, 51–54, 60–62
oil and, 40–41, 43–44, 48, 54, 62
isolation scanners, 275–76, 290
Jaytex Oil & Gas, 167–68
Jefferies Group, 163, 195–96
Jefferson County, Pa., 286–90
Johnson County, Tex., 153–55
Jones, Jeff, 288, 290
Kaiser, George, 199–201
Kaminski, Vince, 185
Kansas, 73, 281
Keffer, Bill, 105, 110
Kennedy, Robert F., Jr., 259–60
Kern Trading and Oil Company, 99
Kerr, Aubrey, Jr., 167
Kerr, Robert S., 164, 167
Kerr-McGee, 75, 164
Killdeer, N.Dak., 37, 45
Kimmeridgian Shales, 17
Kinsey, Bobby, 51–53
Klepper #1 well, 73–74
Klesse, Bill, 50
Krafjack, Emily, 26–27
Kramer, Ken, 242–43
Kyoto Protocol, 265
Ladies’ well, 67
Lakeview #1H well, 154
Lesar, Dave, 52
Limits to Growth, The (Meadows, Meadows, and Randers), 94–95
Long Beach, Calif., 118–19
Los Angeles, Calif., 99, 149, 173, 176, 247
Louisiana, 5, 185, 205, 230, 273
Austin Chalk and, 176–77, 179
Haynesville Shale in, 192, 206
Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP), 50–51
Lowe, Dick, 150–51
McClendon, Aubrey Kerr, 8–11, 152–80, 185–210
American Energy Partners and, 208–9
background of, 8–10, 156, 164–69, 177–78, 195, 207
Calpine visit of, 178–79, 183
Chesapeake-EIG joint venture and, 207–8
and Chesapeake’s acquisition of Canaan, 152–54
Chesapeake’s asset sales and, 206–7
on Chesapeake’s four main inputs, 190, 192
Chesapeake’s origins and, 169–70, 172–75
Chesapeake’s perks and, 174, 202–3, 207–8
Chesapeake’s VPPs and, 194, 205
coal and, 241, 243–51, 254, 265
comparisons between Nichols and, 155–56
criticisms of, 158–63, 174, 193, 203–4, 208
downfall of, 163, 174, 192, 208
Eads’s relationship with, 163, 165–66, 177–78, 180, 185, 188, 195–96, 204–5
East Virgil prospect and, 170–72
energy change and, 155, 302–3
energy trading and, 197–201, 245
environment and, 240–41, 249–51, 253
Fayetteville Shale and, 155, 192
finances of, 9, 156–57, 159, 161, 166–67, 169, 171, 173–75, 187–88, 192, 198–204, 207–8, 241–42, 249–55, 257, 263
fracking and, 158, 163–64, 188, 239–41, 267
gas and, 9–10, 154–55, 160–62, 164, 168, 174–75, 178–79, 185–90, 194, 197–206, 209, 231, 240–41, 245, 247–51, 253–55, 257, 267
hedge fund of, 198–99
lawsuits of, 171–72
management style of, 158–61, 175–76, 178–79, 188–95, 197–98, 203–4, 206, 208, 245, 251, 255, 303
Marcellus Shale and, 192–93, 228, 231
Pope and, 240–42, 249–55, 257, 263
reading of, 177–78
Ward’s relationship with, 156, 168–70, 175–76, 197, 200
McClendon, Joe C., 164–65, 167