Nicholas II, Tsar, 12–13
Nichols, Ruth Rowland, 172–178
accidents, 173, 177
aviation records, 176–177
background, 175
military career, 168
Relief Wings, 172–173
Nichols family, 175
Night Witches, 122
Nikumaroro Island, 53
Ninety-Nines organization, 44, 58, 170–171
Noonan, Fred, 46–47
North Pole, 162
Norwegian Polar Institute, 164
Noyes, Blanche, 55–56, 57, 170
Odlum, Floyd, 105–106, 107
Omlie, Phoebe, 57, 59, 170
Organization of Black Airline Pilots, 144
Ossipenko, Paulina, 119–121
P-51 airplanes, 115
Paneok, Ellen, 162
Panetta, Leon, 102
parachutes, 181
Park Kyung-won, 82
Payne, Betty, 94
Pedersen, Einar, 161–162, 164
Pedersen, Ingrid, 161–165
background, 163–164
polar flights, 161–163, 164, 165
Penn School of Aeronautics, 59
Peruvian Air Force, 198
Pittman, Bessie. See Cochran, Jacqueline
poachers, 158
Polar First team, 188
polar navigation, 162, 163, 187
Post, Wiley, 182
postage stamps, 31, 184
Pioneers of Aviation series stamps, 23–24
Power Puff Derby, 43, 56–57
Purdue University, 52
pursuit pilots, 115
Putnam, George, 49
Quimby, Harriet, 16–24
achievements, 23–24
background, 18, 20
English Channel flights, 16–18, 20–22
first female pilot, 20
Quimby, Ursula, 18–19
Quimby, William, 18
racial discrimination, 92–93, 94
Radio Service Station, 62
Raiche, Bessica, 7
Rainey, Barbara Allen, 101
Raskova, Marina, 119–123
refueling procedures, 64–65
Reims, France, 8
Reitsch, Hanna, 125–131
aviation records, 127–128, 130
background, 126–127
military service, 125–126, 129
Relief Wings, 59, 172–173
Richey, Helen, 98, 134, 142, 143
Ride, Sally, 152
Rimmerman, Rachel, 183
Rimmerman, Sara, 183
Rippelmeyer, Lynn, 134, 142, 145–146
rivets, 66
Robinson, John, 92
Rodgers, Lorraine, 100
Rogers, Harry, 175
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 103
Royal Canadian Air Cadets, 195
Ryan Flying School, 106
safety
early aviation, 12, 19, 38, 57
FAA oversight, 150–151
Save the Children, 191
Schiller, Melitta, 126
Schumacher, Raoul, 88
Scott, Blanche, 7
seaplanes, 175
Shakhovskaya, Eugenie M., 97
Silver, Gertrude Tompkins, 100
Skelton, Betty, 157
Sky My Kingdom, The (Reitsch), 126–127
Smith, Elinor, 67–71
aviation records, 63, 70
awards/achievements, 69, 70, 71
background, 69
bridge flight, 67–69
refueling endurance flights, 64–65
Smith, Ida Van, 192–196
background, 193, 194
flight clubs, 192–193, 194
Smith, Tom, 69
Snook, Anita “Neta,” 32–39
background, 32–35
barnstorming, 36–37
Earhart and, 38
Kinner Field, 37
Snook family, 34
Society for Cooperation in Defense and Aviation-Chemical Development (OSOAVIAKhIM), 119
SOS Children’s Villages, 186
sound barrier, 108, 140
Southern, William Curtiss (son), 38
Southern, William (father), 38
Soviet pilots, 118, 122
Spirit of Columbus, 51
Stinson, Eddie, 175
Stinson, Katherine, 73, 74–75
Stinson, Marjorie, 73, 74–75
Stinson School for Aviation, 75
Stultz, Wilmer, 49
stunt pilots, 134, 136–137, 158
Sullivan, Patrick, 71
Summer Flight Academy, 195
Sunset Oil Company, 63
Surnachevskaya, Raisa, 122
T-3 ice island, 162–163
tanker flying, 159
Tereshkova, Valentina, 152
Thaden, Herbert von, 58
Thaden, Louise McPhetridge, 55–60
aviation records, 58
background, 58
Bendix Transcontinental Air Race, 55–56
military career, 59
National Women’s Air Derby, 43, 56–57
publicity activities, 58–59
Thomas, B. Douglas, 36
Thomas, W. E. “Tommy,” 62
Thunderbirds jet team, 102
Thurn, Violet Clara. See Cowden, Violet “Vi”
Tiburzi, Bonnie, 144–145
TIGHAR (The International Group for Historic Aircraft Recovery), 53
Time magazine, 100
Titanic disaster, 22
Transportation Security Administration (TSA), 151
Travel Air, 58
Trout, Evelyn “Bobbi,” 61–66
aviation records, 59, 63, 70
awards/achievements, 62, 65, 66
background, 61–62
refueling endurance flights, 64–65
Women’s Air Reserve, 139
Trout family, 62
Truman, Harry, 168
Tuskegee Airmen, 31, 93
20 Hrs., 40 Min. (Earhart), 49
US Aerobatic Team, 155
US Jenny (World War I surplus US Army Curtiss JN-4), 29, 36
US Naval Flight Training School, 101
Vacher, Polly, 165
velocipedes, 9
Vinokourova, Natalia, 120
Voisin, Charles, 11–12, 13
Voisin, Gabriel, 11
von Greim, Robert Ritter, 125–126
Wagstaff, Bob, 156
Wagstaff, Patty, 155–160
aerobatics, 155, 156–158
background, 156
firefighting career, 158–160
Walker, Jimmy, 68
Warner, Emily, 144
Waters, Enoch, 91
Wells, Fay Gillis, 179–185
accidents, 180–181
background, 181–182
journalism career, 182, 183
Wells, Linton, 182
West with the Night (Markham), 88–89
Whirly-Girls, 128
Whyte, Edna Gardner, 72–78
aerobatics, 74, 76
awards/achievements, 75, 77
background, 72–73
nursing career, 73, 76
Whyte, George, 77
Will, William, 30
Willard, William, 22–23
Williams, Eleanor, 94
Wings of Silver (documentary), 116
Women’s Air Derby, 42–44, 49, 56–57, 63–64, 139
Women’s Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), 115
overview, 99–101, 105
accident rates, 100, 107–108
cancellation of program, 100, 108
military status, 101, 116
racial discrimination, 93
sabotage, 100
training program, 112–113
Women’s Air Reserve (WAR), 139
Women’s Auxiliary Ferrying Squadron (WAFS), 104
Women’s Flying Training Detachment (WFTD), 104
Women’s International Air Race, 77
Woolfolk, Sally D., 101
World War II, 97–98, 99, 115, 121, 125
Wright, Katherine, 1–2
Wright, Orville, 1–2, 11, 58, 69, 138
Wright, Wilbur, 1–2, 10–11
Yeager, Chuck, 108, 140
youth organizations, 170–171, 195
KAREN BUSH GIBSON is the author of three dozen books for young readers, including Women in Space and Native American History for Kids.
Jacket design: Sarah Olson Front cover photos: (top) Nancy Love (National Archives); (bottom, from left to right) Bessie Coleman (San Diego Air and Space Museum); Neta Snook (Ames Historical Society); Hazel Ying Lee (Courtesy of Texas Women’s University Women’s Collection); Willa Brown (National Archives)
Printed in the United States of America
Women Aviators Page 18
