The Unquiet Englishman

by Richard Greene

  2Peter Fleming, ‘Minutes of the Week’, in Hawtree, ed., Night and Day, 20.

  3GG, Preface, in Hawtree, ed., Night and Day, vii.

  4WOE, 34.

  5‘Review of Wee Willie Winkie and The Life of Emile Zola’, in Hawtree, ed., Night and Day, 204.

  6I am borrowing and changing slightly a wisecrack by the literary critic Allan Pero.

  7‘Is it Criticism?’, David Parkinson, ed., The Graham Greene Film Reader: Mornings in the Dark (Manchester: Carcanet Press, 1993), 408.

  8Shirley Temple, Child Star (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988), 319–20.

  9WOE, 47.

  10The Times (23 March 1938).

  14: Real Brighton

  1Nineteen Stories (New York: Viking, 1949), 210.

  2WOE, 57.

  3For example, WOE, 58.

  4Review of After Strange Gods, Life and Letters (April 1934). 112.

  5I am grateful to Edward Short, a biographer of Newman, for his observations on this point.

  6Ian Ker, The Catholic Revival in English Literature, 1845–1961: Newman, Hopkins, Belloc, Chesterton, Greene, Waugh (Notre Dame, IN: Notre Dame University Press, 2003), esp. 115–16.

  7Margaret Drabble, The Dark Flood Rises (London: Canongate, 2016), 241–2.

  8WOE, 61.

  9The Times (17 July 1934).

  10WOE, 61.

  11Daily Mail (31 July, 9 August, 17 August 1928); The Times (31 July 1928)

  12‘A History of the World in 100 objects: Prince Monolulu’s Jackets’, BBC Radio 4: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/mwelEdCnRQ6lPy_v2ZNY9w (accessed 15 January 2020); ‘My Brighton and Hove’: https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/people/peopchar/colourful-characters-10 (accessed 15 January 2020).

  13Heather Shore, London’s Criminal Underworlds, c. 1720–c. 1930 (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), 174.

  14The Times (17 June 1936).

  15The Times (29 and 30 July 1936).

  16Racing Post (29 July 2006): https://www.thefreelibrary.com/WHEN+GANGS+RULED+THE+RACECOURSE%3B+As+Britain+emerged+buoyant+from+the…-a0147586279 (accessed 22 January 2020); Carl Chinn, Better Betting with a Decent Fellow: Bookmaking, Betting and the British Working Class, 1750–1990 (London: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991), 204–5;

  17ODNB; Letters, 398.

  18‘My Brighton and Hove’: https://www.mybrightonandhove.org.uk/search?st%5B%5D=pinkie&css_searchfield%5B%5D=text&fq= (accessed 15 January 2020).

  19Michael Routh to GG, 29 October 1983, BC; GG to Michael Routh, 11 November 1983, BC; BR, 5.

  20BR, 219–20.

  21BR, 52.

  22BR, 91.

  23BR, 189.

  24BR, 246.

  25Letters, 88.

  26See Bergonzi, 97.

  27WOE, 60.

  15: The Lawless Roads

  1NS 1: 613–14.

  2These are commonly accepted figures derived from Antonio Montero Marino, Historia de la persecución religiosa en Espanˇa, 1936–1939 (Madrid: Biblioteca de Autores Cristianos, 1961). For comment on them, see Bruce Lincoln, ‘Revolutionary Exhumations in Spain, July 1936’, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 27:2 (April 1985), 241.

  3GG to MG, n.d., BL.

  4WOE, 59–60.

  5Francisco Maria Aguilera González, Cardenal Miguel Darío Miranda: El hombre, el Cristiano, el Obispo (Mexico City: Instituto Mexicano de Doctrina Social Cristiana, 2005), 162–3. I am grateful to Professor Stephen Andes for bringing this source to my attention.

  6Letters, 88.

  7See Tom Burns, ‘Graham Greene: A Memoir’, Articles, 146–50.

  8My account here relies heavily on Julia G. Young, Mexican Exodus: Emigrants, Exiles, and Refugees of the Cristero War (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), esp. 18–38 and 125–54. I have supplemented her account especially with that of Jean A. Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion: The Mexican People Between Church and State 1926–1929 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976).

  9See Young, Mexican Exodus, esp. 22–4.

  10See Young, Mexican Exodus 23–4; Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 13–15.

  11Meyer, 41–3.

  12Young, Mexican Exodus, 26–30; Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 49–56

  13Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 64.

  14Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 165.

  15Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 202.

  16Pope Pius XI, Acerbo Animi (1932). See the Vatican website: http://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_29091932_acerba-animi.html.

  17Young, Mexican Exodus, 42.

  18Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 71–5. The challenge to Meyer’s count of priests remaining in the parishes is found in Matthew Butler, ‘Keeping the Faith in Revolutionary Mexico: Clerical and Lay Resistance to Religious Persecution, East Michoacan, 1926–1929’, The Americas 59:1 (July 2002), 9–32.

  19Robert E. Quirk, The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1973), 212–13; Joseph I. Marmion, SJ, ‘Fr. Miguel Pro’ in Jesuits: Biographical Essays, ed. Robert Nash, SJ, ed. (Westminster, MD: Newman Press, 1956), 139–48.

  20GG to MG, 7 February 1938, BL.

  21Young, Mexican Exodus, 58.

  22Mexican Journal, 27 February 1938, Greene-Walston Papers Box 51, Georgetown. For a description of this bishop see Young, Mexican Exodus, 135–40. I am grateful to Professor Young for further information conveyed by email.

  23LR, 27.

  24LR, 30.

  25GG to VG, postcard, 27 February 1938, BL.

  26GG, Getting to Know the General (London: The Bodley Head, 1984), 23.

  27LR, 67.

  28The Times (21 March 1938).

  29LR, 73.

  30LR, 33.

  31GG to Charles Greene, postcard, 7 March 1938, BL.

  32Meyer, The Cristero Rebellion, 202–5.

  33LR, 70–5; Journal, 14 March 1938, GU. Professor Stephen Andes has kindly identified Father Tagle for me, citing Pedro Velasquez Hernandez, El secretariado social mexicano (25 anos de vida). (Mexico City: Secretariado Social Mexicano, 1945), 94 and 108.

  34See Pope Pius XI, Fermissiam Constantiam: https://w2.vatican.va/content/pius-xi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-xi_enc_19370328_firmissimam-constantiam.html.

  35Stephen J. C. Andes, The Vatican and Catholic Activism in Mexico and Chile: The Politics of Transnational Catholicism, 1920–1940 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 170–4. My observations on the attitudes of the bishops, the Vatican, and Catholic Action are drawn more generally from Professor Andes’s research. He has also kindly discussed some of these points with me by email and directed me to other sources.

  36Peter Godman, ‘Graham Greene’s Vatican Dossier’, The Atlantic (July/August 2001): http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2001/07/graham-greenes-vatican-dossier/302264/ (accessed 11 September 2019).

  37LR, 96.

  38LR, 145.

  39American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Fifth Edition DSM 5 (Washington, DC: APA Publishing, 2013).

  40LR, 105.

  41GG to MG, 13 April 1938, BL.

  42Greene uses this phrase as the title for chapter 6 of LR.

  43Obituary: ‘Don Tomas Garrido Canabal’, Time Magazine (19 April 1943).

  44LR, 106.

  45The Times (2 January 1935).

  46New York Times (9 April 1943).

  47LR, 123. Greene is quoting from Rilke’s novel, The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge.

  48LR, 122 and 141.

  49Massimo De Giuseppe, ‘”El Indio Gabriel”: New Religious Perspectives among the Indigenous in Garrido Canabal’s Tabasco (1927–30)’, in Matthew Butler trans. and ed., Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007), 225–42.

  50LR, 131.

  51LR, 142–5.

  52JR to Miss Black, 8 November 1965, Fan Mail file, BC. Reid conveys Greene’s explanation of the episode to an enquiring reader.

  5
3Sherry 1: 720.

  54LR, 165.

  55Journal, 11 April 1938, GU.

  56GG to MG, 13 April 1938, BL.

  57Allain, 155.

  58LR, 175.

  59Journal, 14 April 1938, GU.

  60Quoted in ‘Translator’s Preface’ in Léon Bloy, Letters to his Fiancée, trans. Barbara Wall (London: Sheed & Ward, 1937), xi.

  61O’Malley, 495–6.

  16: Doll

  1Letters, 95; WOE, 61.

  2Gerald Pollinger to GG, 2 December 1977, HRC.

  3New York Times (24 June 1938).

  4Letters, 96.

  5Letters, 197.

  6Letters, 93–4.

  7CP, 330.

  8WOE, 68–9.

  9Letters, 96 and 120.

  101911 census: www.findmypast.co.uk.

  11J. P. Wearing, The London Stage 1910–19, 2 vols. (Metuchen and London: Scarecrow Press, 1982), 1, 641.

  12J. P. Wearing, The London Stage 1930–1939: A Calendar of Productions, Performers, and Personnel (Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2014), 129, 130, and 154.

  13Theatricalia database: https://theatricalia.com/play/33f/the-barretts-of-wimpole-street/production/759 (accessed 11 September 2019).

  14‘Provincial Notes’, The Dancing Times (October 1938), 91. This reference may be to a different Dorothy Glover.

  15Letters, 103.

  16Hill and Wise, 1, 24.

  17Brian Alderson, ‘The Four (or Five? … or Six? … Seven? …) Children’s Books of Graham Greene’, Children’s Literature in Education, 36 (2005), 325–42.

  18GG to A. S. Frere, Sunday [13 April 1952], Random House Archive, Rushden.

  19GS, transcript of conversation with GG, 21 October 1987, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  20Letters, 119.

  21LP to GG, 22 September 1948, HRC.

  22GS, transcript of conversation with YC, 8 June 1995, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  23GG to CW, 1 March 1952, GU.

  24GG to MG, 7 April 1941 and 20 August 1941, BL.

  25Letters, 99.

  26Letters, 100.

  27Wise and Hill 1: 22.

  28Confidential Agent, 62.

  29Wise and Hill 1:22.

  30Confidential Agent, 152.

  31Falk, 21–4.

  32WOE, 68.

  33PG, 40.

  34PG, 125.

  35WOE, 68.

  36Quoted in ‘Translator’s Preface’ in Léon Bloy, Letters to his Fiancée, trans. Barbara Wall (London: Sheed & Ward, 1937), xi.

  37Wise and Hill 1: 22–3.

  38Saturday Review of Literature (30 March 1940).

  39Letters, 115–16.

  17: Bombs and Books

  1Letters, 115–16.

  2Muggeridge (1973), 82.

  3Letters, 106.

  4Peter Stansky, The First Day of the Blitz: September 7, 1940 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007), 180.

  5Letters, 106.

  6Muggeridge (1981), 317.

  7Letters, 105.

  8Letters, 107; interview with CB, 20 February 2014.

  9Ibid.

  10Muggeridge (1981), 317.

  11Letters, 106.

  12WOE, 81–94; ‘The Defenders’ [Journal], GG Collection, HRC. What follows about the raid is drawn mainly from these sources.

  13The Times (18 April 1941).

  14Letters, 108.

  15WOE, 88.

  16WOE, 88.

  17See Graham Greene and Hugh Greene, eds, The Spy’s Bedside Book: An Anthology (London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1957); John Carter, ed., Victorian Detective Fiction: A Catalogue of the Collection Made by Dorothy Glover and Graham Greene (London: The Bodley Head, 1966).

  18Interview with Graham C. Greene, 19 May 2015.

  19GG, Introduction, David Low, ‘with all faults’ (Tehran: The Amate Press), xiv.

  20GG, Introduction, Low, ‘with all faults’, xiv.

  18: The House in the Swamp

  1Keith Jeffery, MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service, 1909–1949 (London: Bloomsbury, 2010), 301 and 479–80.

  2GG to MG, 3 October 1941, BL.

  3Letters, 110.

  4SC, 85–6.

  5SC, 97.

  6SC, 89.

  7‘The Soupsweet Land’, CE, 342.

  8GG to MG, 5 February 1942, 6 February 1942, and 14 February 1942, BL.

  9Butcher, 8; Letters, 112.

  10Letters, 112.

  11‘The Soupsweet Land’, CE, 341–3; WOE, 77.

  12GG to V. S. Pritchett, 3 March 1978, BC.

  13WOE, 76.

  14JWM, 51; GG to MG, 19 April 1942, BL.

  15Letters, 120.

  16Letters, 117 and 113.

  17‘The Soupsweet Land’, CE, 342.

  18WOE, 76.

  19WOE, 75; ‘The Soupsweet Land’, CE, 341.

  20Jeffery, MI6, 355.

  21Letters, 420–3.

  22‘Denyse Clairouin (1900–45)’, Bibliothèque nationale de France: data.bnf.fr; Mauthausen Monument, http://www.monument-mauthausen.org/1431.html?lang=fr (accessed 11 September 2019). Desmond Flower, ‘Denyse Clarouin’, unpublished memoir, GG Collection, BC.

  23Nicholas Elliott, Never Judge a Man by his Umbrella (Wilton: Michael Russell, 1991), 113. I am grateful to David Cornwell (John le Carré) for drawing my attention to this episode.

  24Letters, 421.

  25Philby, 81.

  26Letters, 123.

  27‘Irish Spiritans Remembered’, Spiritan Heritage Centre, Dublin: http://kimmagemanor.ie/irish-spiritans.html; I am grateful for information received from Father John Geary, CSSp, Peter O’ Mahony, and Margaret Bluett.

  28NS 2: 117 and Sheldon, 294, identify this man cursorily as Captain Brodie. Much further information is available, beginning with, for example, Who’s Who, 1943. See also, England and Wales Deaths Transcription 1837–2007, TNA: http://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=bmd%2fd%2f1965%2f1%2faz%2f000107%2f135.

  291891 and 1901 census.

  30Passenger Lists leaving UK 1890–1960, TNA: http://search.findmypast.co.uk/record?id=tna%2fbt27%2f0583000080%2f00010.

  31A. E. Capell, The 2nd Rhodesia Regiment in East Africa (1923; reprinted Uckfield: Military and Naval Press, 2006), 107; H. Moyse-Bartlett, The King’s African Rifles: A study in the military history of East and Central Africa, 1890–1945 (Aldershot: Gale & Polden, 1956), 394.

  32Gassan Abess, ‘Legitimating the Sierra Leone Police: Politics, Corruption, and Public Trust’, doctoral dissertation, Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Washington State University (2015), 39.

  33The Times (1 January 1941).

  34‘The Soupsweet Land’, CE, 345; SOE, 77–8 and 102.

  35Abess, ‘Legitimating the Sierra Leone Police’, 39.

  36WOE, 94; see also Shelden, 251.

  37Information from James Greene.

  38Interview with CB, 20 February 2014.

  39The Times (7 November 1942); this corrects Sherry 2: 150, and Letters, 121.

  40SOL, 20.

  41Letters, 122.

  42Letters, 119.

  43Letters, 121.

  44WOE, 95.

  19: The Ministry of Fear

  1WOE, 74.

  2David Gaiman to GG, 4 January 1978, 27 June 1978, and 8 August 1978, BC; ED to David Gaiman, 10 July 1978, BC.

  3WOE, 73–9; GG to MG, 22 July 1942, BL.

  4Wise and Hill 1: 23.

  5WOE, 81.

  6Falk, 15; Film contract: Ministry of Fear, 16 February 1943, HRC.

  7‘A Graphical History of the Dollar Exchange Rate’: http://www.miketodd.net/encyc/dollhist.htm (accessed 19 August 2019).

  8Interview with CB, 20 February 2014.

  9Letters, 126–8.

  10Letters, 124–5.

  20: Canaries and Defectors

  1Milne, 121.

  2Milne, 270; Philby, 42–3 and 47.

  3Philby, 53.

  4Philby, 65.

  5Knightley, 84.

  6Milne, 124.

  7In what follows I am extrem
ely grateful for information from Nigel West.

  8Nigel West to RG, email, 15 May 2015.

  9Milne, 124.

  10Knightley, 105–8.

  11Sherry 2: 177.

  12See ‘Selected Historical Papers from the JOSEF Case’, TNA, PF 63101/SAV6.

  13Butcher, 228–30.

  14Nigel West to RG, email, 31 May 2017.

  15This paragraph is drawn from Juan Pujol with Nigel West, Garbo (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985). See also Tomás Harris, Garbo: The Spy who Saved D-Day, intro. Mark Seaman (Richmond, Surrey: Public Record Office, 2000) and Jason Webster, The Spy with 29 Names (London: Chatto & Windus, 2014).

  16John Cairncross, The Enigma Spy (London: Century, 1997), 117–22.

  17West and Tsarev, 219.

  18Peter Wright, Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer (New York: Penguin, 1987), 222 and passim.

  19The Times (24 December 1979).

  20Letters, 412.

  21Philby, 67–8.

  22GG, ‘Kim Philby’ in Philby, 7–9.

  23West and Tsarev, 219.

  24Knightley, 119.

  25Philby, 92–8.

  26GG, ‘Kim Philby’ in Philby, 9.

  27West and Tsarev, 157; Nigel West to RG, email, 15 May 2015.

  28Milne, 138–9.

  29Sherry 2: 183; Shelden, 259.

  30Milne, 138–9.

  31GG to MG, 1 May 1944, BL; Sherry 2: 182.

  32Contract between GG and MGM, 3 February 1944, GG Collection, 92.16, HRC.

  33David Cornwell (John le Carré) interview with RG, 23 August 2013.

  34SOL, 65.

  21: Mrs Montgomery

  1Hugh Kingsmill quoted by Muggeridge (1973), 262.

  2ODNB.

  3Muggeridge (1973), 262; for a detailed and engaging account of Greene’s period with the firm, see Lewis, 338–44.

  4GG to MG, 5 July [1944], BL.

  5ODNB; Muggeridge (1973), 262.

  6Douglas Jerrold, ‘Graham Greene: Pleasure Hater’, Harper’s Magazine (August 1952), 50–2.

  7Jerrold, ‘Graham Greene: Pleasure Hater’.

  8Letters, 129–30.

  9See G. Peter Winnington, Vast Alchemies: The Life and Work of Mervyn Peake (London: Peter Owen, 2000), 166–9.

  10GG to MG, 2 October 1944, BL. Note: this letter is incorrectly dated 20 October.