Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric (Key Conflicts of Classical Antiquity)
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[246] Olympiodorus, frag. 14 (Blockley) = 13 (Müller); Sozomen, HE 9.8.
[247] Sozomen, HE 9.8 has the former, Zosimus, HN 6.12.2 the latter. Both were drawing on Olympiodorus, but it is unclear which version better transmits the original.
[248] Sozomen, HE 9.9.2–3; Philostorgius, HE 12.3.
Epilogue: The Aftermath of Alaric
[249] Orosius, Hist. 7.39.4–14.
[250] Sozomen, HE 9.9.5.
[251] Olympiodorus, frag. 25 (Blockley) = 25 (Müller).
[252] Rutilius Namatianus, De reditu suo 1.140.
[253] Olympiodorus, frag. 16 (Blockley) = 15 (Müller).
[254] Jordanes, Get. 158.
[255] Sozomen, HE 9.9.1.
Index
Ablabius 54
Abrittus 18, 28
Adrianople: battle of 139-143
curia of 135-136
siege of 146
Ad Salices, battle of 137
Aequitius 143
Africa, grain supply of 6, 6, 168-169, 175-176
Alamanni 59, 81, 105-106
origins of 39-40, 67, 71
Alanoviamuth 49
Alans 124-126, 127-128, 171, 183
Alaric: 1-11, 157-177, 183-184
and Attalus 9, 174-176
and Eutropius 166-168
and Rufinus 165
death of 180
early career of 161-162
first revolt of 164-166
demands of 1-2, 165, 172, 173, 174
followers 1-2, 4-5, 5, 6, 157, 165-166
Alatheus 126, 127, 131-132, 152
at Adrianople 141, 142
Alavivus 128-129, 130, 132-133
Aleksandrovka 92
Alexander Severus 28-29, 28
alphabet, Gothic 110
Amal dynasty 50, 53, 161
Ambrose of Milan 160
Ammianus Marcellinus 103-105
Res Gestae of 104-105
on Adrianople 140-141, 144, 146-147
on Huns 124-125
Antioch 117, 129
Antonine Constitution 25, 34-42
Antoninus Pius 23
Apamea 19
Aquitaine 158, 183
Arabs 146
Arbogast 151, 162-163
Arcadius 163, 163, 165, 172
archaeology
See material evidence: ethnicity and
Ardashir 27
Argaith 18, 55, 210
Arianism
See Christianity: Goths and homoean
Ariaric 84-85
Ariminum
See Rimini
Arinthaeus 117
Arius 107-108
Armenia 129, 137, 167, 168
Arminius 47
army, Roman: as basis of imperial power 26
barbarians in 35-37, 82, 156
Goths in 79, 82, 103-104, 106, 156-157
losses of, at Adrianople 150
Arpulas 121
Arrian 125
Ascholius 118
Asia Minor: Goths killed in 146-147, 154
Gothic revolt in 168-169
Athanaric 101
ancestry of 85
death of 155
defeated by Huns 126-127, 128, 131-132
persecutes Christians 117-118, 120-122
Roman wars of 116-118
Atharidus 120
Athaulf 10, 158-159, 175, 177, 180-181, 182
Athens 19
Attalus, Priscus 9, 174-176, 182-183
Attica 19
Attila 157
Augustae 31
Augustine 178-179
Augustus 22, 40-41
Aurelian (emperor) 8-9, 20-21, 29-30
Aurelian (praetorian prefect) 169
Aureolus 20, 29
Aurelius Victor 30
Auxentius 107
Auxonius 115
Bacurius 142
barbarians: and imperial policy 37-39
concept of 15, 21-22, 37, 56-60
See also army, Roman: as basis of imperial power
barbaricum 34-42
concept of 34
Roman influence in 35-37
coinage in 35, 36, 37, 86-87, 91-92
trade within 91-92
Barcelona 182
Basil of Caesarea 118, 129, 138
Bašmačka 92
Bathouses 121
Bauto 151
Baza
See Gunthigis
Beroe 138
Bible, Gothic 109-110
Bithynia 19
Bonitus 82
Boradoi 19, 210
Boranoi 18-19, 210
Botheric 159-160, 160
Bracciolini, Poggio 44-45
Britain 171
Caesarius 169
Campona 81
Candac 49
Cannobaudes 20
Cappadocia 21-22
Caracal, coin hoard of 115
Caracalla 25, 27
Carinus 30
Carrhae 27
Carpi 67-68, 78-79, 83
Carus 30
Cassio 142
Cassiodorus 50
See also Jordanes
Castalius 50
Celts 58-59
Chalcedon 169
Christianity: Goths and 106-111, 118-122
homoean 107-109
Cilicia 21
Cimmerians 59
Claudian 4-5, 160-161, 166
Claudius 20, 29, 81
Cniva 18, 28
Colias 135-136
Consentia
See Cosenza
Constans (emperor) 102
Constans (general of Attalus) 175
Constantine Ⅰ 80-86, 102
death of 102
Christianity of 107-109
Franks and 80, 82
Gothic war of 83-86, 107
Sarmatian campaigns of 101-102
wars with Licinius 81-82
Constantine Ⅲ 171, 172
Constantinus (Constantine Ⅱ) 84-85, 102
Constantinople 50, 165
Gainas in 169
senate of 146
siege of 146
Theodosius in 150-151, 151
Valens in 139
Constantius Ⅰ 31, 77, 78-80, 80
Constantius Ⅱ 102, 112-113
coinage of 91
Christianity of 108-109
Danubian campaigns of 105-106, 114-115
Constantius Ⅲ 181-183, 181
Constitutio Antoniniana
See Antonine Constitution
Cosenza 180
Costoboci 39
Crassus 27-28
Crispus 81
Crocus 80
Csörsz-árok 79, 84-85
Cyprus 19
Cyzicus 121-122
Dacia, province of 40-41, 67, 127
Constantinian 102
Dacian wars 38, 39-40
Dalmatia 174
Dančeny 92
Daphne 83, 115
Decebalus 38-39
Decius 18, 28
De rebus bellicis 115
Dexippus 19, 55, 59-60
diffusion theory 64-66
Diocletian 30-31, 76-80
and Goths 31-32, 78
reforms of 76-78
Dulcilla 121
Durostorum 130-131
Epirus, province of 167, 171-172
Eriulf 156-157
Ermanaric 111-112, 124, 126
ethnicity: archaeology and 60-70, 95-96
clothing and 60, 68-69
vocabulary of 56-57, 70
ethnography, Graeco-Roman 56-60
Etruria 10, 179
Eucherius 164, 173, 173
Eudoxia 169-171
Eugenius 153, 162-163
Eunapius 124, 125, 130, 146, 167
on Adrianople 140-141, 144
Eusebius of Caesarea 86, 102
Eusebius of Nicomedia 107, 108
Eusebius of Samosata 138
Eutropius 166-169
Farnobius 138
Flavianus, Nic
omachus 162-163
Florence 171
fortifications: on frontier 31-32, 116, 116, 127-128
in barbaricum 79, 84, 92
Franks 31, 59, 105
and Constantine 80, 81
origins of 39-40, 67, 71
Fravitta 156-157, 169
Frigeridus 137, 137, 138, 139
Frigidus, battle of 163, 165, 166-169
Fritigern 121-122, 128, 130, 132-142, 151, 152
funerary ritual 94-97
Gaatha 101, 121
Gainas 166, 166, 168-169, 170
Galerius 77, 78, 79, 80
Danubian campaigns of 78-79
Galla Placidia 9, 182-183
Gallia Narbonensis 23
‘Gallic empire’ 29, 30-31
Gallienus 20-21, 28-29
Gallus (caesar) 105
Gelonians 59
Gildo, revolt of 168
Germania
See Tacitus (author)
‘Germanic’ history 44-54
and modern Germans 44-45
in Renaissance 44-45
in Reformation 45
and Romanticism 45-47
and National Socialism 47-48
in post-War era 48-49, 52-54
Germanic languages 47, 59-60, 68
Germans, in ancient texts 58-59
Getica
See Jordanes, Getica of
Gorodok 92
Gothia 76
Gothi minores 154-155
Gothic language 68-69, 117
Goths: as ‘Scythians’ 14-15, 47, 59, 59, 147
in modern thought 42, 54
of Alaric 157-158, 165, 173, 181-184
origins of 39-42, 67-68, 69-70
Gotland 35
Gouththikas 120-122
government, early imperial 22-25, 26
Gratian 114, 137, 162
and Adrianople 139, 140, 146
and Theodosius 147-148, 149-150, 151-152, 158-159, 159-160
death of 158
Gratiana 116
Greece, Alaric in 166-167
Gregory of Nazianzus 156
Gregory of Nyssa 147-148
Gregory Thaumaturgus 19, 21
Greuthungi 59, 111-112, 124
at Adrianople 141-142
Danube crossings of 131-132, 156-157
defeated by Huns 126-128
Guntheric 18, 55, 210
Gunthigis 49
Guththa 36, 211
Gutthiuda 76
Hadrian 23
Heraclian 6, 175
Herder, Gottfried 46
Hermannsdenkmal 47
Hermunduri 65
Herodotus 15, 125
Historia Augusta 20, 55
Histria 18-19
Honorius 2-3, 3-4, 8, 160, 183
accession of 163-173
and Stilicho 165, 172-173
marriages of 161, 172
Huns 112, 124-126, 127-128, 154-155
in Armenia 167, 168
Iatrus 31, 106
Iazyges 65
Iberia 129
Ingenuus 29
iudex, Tervingian 101
Iuthungi 29, 59
Jordanes 49-50
Romana of 50
Jordanes, Getica of 41, 43-44, 49-52
date of 50
Cassiodorus and 50-52
historical value of 54-56, 85-86, 111, 112-113, 161, 180
Jovian 113
Jovius 174
Julian 103-104, 106
in Rhineland 105, 112
in Persia 113
Caesares of 82
Julius (magister militum) 145-147, 147
Julius Caesar 22, 52
Junius Soranus 118-119
Justina 159, 160, 162, 162
Justinian 50, 52
Kabyle 139
Kamenka-Ančekrak 93
Kholmskoě 87, 89
Komarovo 90
Kossinna, Gustav 60-61, 65
Lactantius 18
law, Roman 24-25
Libanius 150
Licinius 80-82
Sarmatian campaign of 81-82
wars of, with Constantine 81-82
limes transalutanus 127
Limigantes 105-106
ludi Sarmatici 82
Lupicinus 130-131, 132-134
Macedonia, province of 151, 165
Magnentius 102, 103
Magnus Maximus 153, 158-159
Mainz 171
Marcianople 130, 132-133
battle of 134
third-century 18, 19, 55
Marcomanni 29-30, 38-39
Marcus Aurelius 37, 38
Margus, battle of 30
Maria 164, 172
material evidence: ethnicity and 60-70, 95-96
migration and 61-67
social status in 61-62, 96
See also funerary ritual
Mattiarii 142
Maxentius 80, 81
Maximian 30-31, 76-80, 81
Maximus (dux) 130-131
Maximus, Magnus
See Magnus Maximus
migration: archaeology and 61-67
in Jordanes 51-52, 53-54, 55, 66-67
modern theories of 41, 43-44, 48, 64-66, 71
Milan 163, 170
Modares 151-152, 156
Moesia, provinces of 81, 83, 87, 138
Ulfila and 109, 110, 117
Naissus 20, 29
Narbonne 182
Narnia 10
Neocaesarea 19
Nero 22
Nicaea, council of 107
Nicomedia 19, 30
Nicopolis 109
Niš
See Naissus
Noricum, province of 114, 172-173, 173
Notitia Dignitatum 150
Noviodunum 116, 117
Oescus 18, 31
bridge at 83, 83, 116-118
Olympiodorus 167, 175-176, 179
Olympius 172-173, 173, 174, 181
Orosius 178, 179
Ostrogoths 50, 50, 111
Ostrovany 94
Pacatus 149, 152
paganism: Gothic 117, 119, 121
Roman 10, 77, 178
Palanca 92
Pannonia 113, 151
Alaric in 170
Paria 49
Parthians 26-27
Pavia, mutiny of 173-174
peace of 332 84-86
peace of 382 146, 152-153
Peloponnese 167
Persia 27-28, 30, 102, 113-114, 129
Peutinger, Conrad 49
Philippopolis 18
philology, rise of 46-47
Philostorgius 107
Pietroasele, treasure of 94
Pityus 19
Pliny the Elder 65
Pollentia, battle of 170
Pontus 19
Portus 6, 8, 173
Postumus 29
Probus 29, 30
Procopius (usurper) 114-115
Gothic support for 86-87, 101-102, 115
Profuturus 137, 137
Promotus 161
protectores domestici 103
Prusa 19
Przeworsk culture 64, 67
Quadi 30, 65, 105-106, 114
quadriburgia 83, 116
Radagaisus 171-172, 171
Ranke, Leopold von 46
Rausimod 81
Ravenna 2, 176
Rebrin 94
reiks, Tervingian 101
Rhegium 180, 180
Rhodes 19
Richomeres 137-138, 137, 139, 140-142
Rimini 2-3, 174, 176
ripa Gothica 76-80, 83
Romanticism 45-47
Rome 1-11, 173-177
food supply of: 6, 6, 8, 168, 175-176
sack of 10, 177, 178-179
senate of 8-9, 104, 162-163, 172, 173-174
Rothesteus 119, 120, 121
Roxolani 39
Rufinus 163, 163, 165-166
Rutilius Namatianus 7, 179
Saba 118-120
Passion of 118-11
9, 128-129
Sagitarii 142
Sansalas 120
Sântana-de-Mureş/Černjachov culture 62-70, 87-99, 155
cemeteries of 94-97
origins of 67-68, 88, 98-99
economy of 86-92, 116
treasures of 93-94
Saphrax 126, 127, 131-132, 152
at Adrianople 141, 142
Sarmatians 30, 39, 59, 78, 98, 102
Licinius and 81
Constantine and 81-82, 84, 84
Constantius and 105-106
Sarus 177, 181-183
Sassanians 27-28
See also Persia
Saturninus 138, 142
Scutarii 142-143
Scythia, province of 83, 90, 110, 138
coin circulation in 86, 87
duces Scythiae 118
Scythians 15, 58
Alamanni as 59
Goths as 14-15, 47, 59, 59, 147
Sebastianus 139, 140, 143
Septimius Severus 25, 37
Serdica 81
Serena 9, 164, 173
Shapur Ⅰ 27, 36
Sicily 180-181
Siedlungsarchäologie 60-61
Sigesarius 182-183
Sirmium 81, 146-147, 151
Sobari 93-94
Socrates 118, 121-122
Sozomen 109, 179
Stilicho 163-173
and Alaric 166, 169-171, 172-173
and Claudian 160
and Eutropius 166-167
and Rufinus 165-166
and Theodosius 161, 164, 165
death of 173
Strabo 65
Strásza 94
Sucidava, bridge at 83, 83, 116
Sueridus 135-136
Suevi 60-61, 171, 183
Synesius 152
Szilágysolmlyó 94
Tacitus (author) 23, 32
Germania of 44-45
Tacitus (emperor) 30
Taifali 31, 32, 83
Taraclia 87
Tervingi 31-32, 78-80
in Passion of Saba 119-120
Danube crossing of 128-131
kingship and 101
peace of 332 and 84-86, 103
Constantine and 83-86
Constantius and 106
Procopius and 115
rebellion of 132-138
tetrarchs and 78-80
Valens and 115-118, 118
See also Goths: as ‘Scythians’ Ulfila
tetrarchy 30-31, 76-80
and Goths 78-80
Themistius 115, 117, 129
on Adrianople 143
on Theodosius 149, 152
Theoderic Ⅰ 183, 183
Theoderic Ⅱ 183
Theodoret of Cyrrhus 149-150
Theodoric (Ostrogothic king) 50, 53, 161
Theodosius Ⅰ: accession of 147-149
and Athanaric 155
and Balkan mutiny 159, 160, 161-162
and Stilicho 164, 165
Christianity of 8-9, 148
civil wars of 159, 162-163
death of 163
early career of 148-149
Gothic peace of 146, 152-153
Gothic war of 150-152
Theodosius the Elder 148, 148
Theodosius (son of Placidia) 182
Thermantia 172
Thermopylae 166
Thessalonica 19, 150
riots in 160
Thessaly, province of 151, 165