Family Britain, 1951-1957

by David Kynaston

  25. Mark Girouard, Big Jim (1998), p 54; Victoria Walsh, Nigel Henderson (2001), pp 54–5; Bullock, Building, pp 118–19; Alison and Peter Smithson, Ordinariness and Light (1970), pp 52, 25, 20–21, 31.

  26. Ministry of Housing and Local Government, Living in Flats (1952), p 31; J. A. Yelling, ‘Expensive Land, Subsidies and Mixed Development in London, 1943–56’, Planning Perspectives (Apr 1994), p 150; Town and Country Planning (Jun 1952), p 292; E. W. Cooney, ‘High Flats in Local Authority Housing in England and Wales since 1945’, in Anthony Sutcliffe (ed), Multi-Storey Living (1974), p 164; Hansard, 20 Feb 1953, col 1679; BBC WA, Any Questions?, 27 Mar 1953.

  27. Miles Glendinning, ‘Sam Bunton and the Cult of Mass Housing’, in Glendinning (ed), Rebuilding Scotland (East Linton, 1997), p 105; Builder, 18 Jan 1952; Architects’ Journal, 28 Feb 1952; Glasgow Herald, 14 Oct 1952; Architects’ Journal, 25 Dec 1952; Daily Mirror, 23 Feb 1953.

  28. Michael Young Papers, 2/1/1; Patrick Dunleavy, The Politics of Mass Housing in Britain, 1945–1975 (Oxford, 1981), p 215; Boro’ of West Ham, East Ham, Barking and Stratford Express, 4 Apr 1952; Liverpool Daily Post, 5 Sep 1952; Peter Shapely et al, ‘Civic Culture and Housing Policy in Manchester, 1945–79’, Twentieth Century British History 15/4 (2004), pp 420–21; Coventry Evening Telegraph, 4 Apr 1953; Proceedings, p 584.

  29. Sutcliffe and Smith, Birmingham, pp 430–31; Birmingham Post, 3 Jan 1952, 10 Jan 1952; New Statesman, 29 Dec 1951; Architect and Building News, 6 Nov 1952; Architects’ Journal, 26 Feb 1953.

  30. A.G.V. Simmonds, ‘Conservative Governments and the Housing Question’, University of Leeds PhD, 1995, p 343; John Barron Mays, ‘A Study of a Police Division’, British Journal of Delinquency (Jan 1953), p 193; Municipal Journal, 22 May 1953; Langford, 12 Nov 1952.

  31. Macmillan, p 215; Glasgow Herald, 9 Mar 1953.

  32. The Times, 9 Apr 1996 (Harvey Elliott); People, 3 May 1953; Coventry Evening Telegraph, 2 May 1953, 4 May 1953.

  33. Martin Johnes and Gavin Mellor, ‘The 1953 FA Cup Final: Modernity and Tradition in British Culture’, Contemporary British History (Jun 2006), pp 263–80; Daily Express, 2 May 1953; The Times, 2 May 1953; Paul Gardner, ‘Blackpool v Bolton Wanderers: The Cup Final, 1953’, in Ian Hamilton (ed), The Faber Book of Soccer (1992), pp 43–4, 46; M-O A, D5353, 2 May 1953; Radio 4, The Archive Hour: Back to Square One, 20 Jan 2007; People, 3 May 1953; Daily Express, 4 May 1953.

  11 A Kind of Farewell Party

  1. Streat, p 676; Independent, 16 Nov 2004; Mike Jackman and Garth Dykes, Accrington Stanley: A Complete Record, 1894–1962 (Derby, 1991), p 191; Phil Hubbard et al, ‘Memorials to Modernity: Public Art in the “City of the Future”’, Landscape Research (Apr 2003), p 160.

  2. M-O A, TC 69/3/B, TC 69/5/G; Martin, 12 May 1953; People, 17 May 1953; Speed, 19 May 1953; M-O A, TC 69/5/F.

  3. Preston, 21 May 1953; Heap, 21 May 1953; Graham Payn and Sheridan Morley (eds), The Noël Coward Diaries (1982), p 213; Martin, 30–31 May 1953.

  4. M-O A, TC 69/9/G, TC 69/5/E, TC 69/9/C.

  5. BBC WA, R9/4, 17 Jun 1953, Woman’s Hour, 1 Jun 1953.

  6. Haines, 1 Jun 1953; Lewis, 1 Jun 1953; M-O A, TC 69/5/G; Langford, 1 Jun 1953; Martin, 1 Jun 1953.

  7. M-O A, TC 69/5/I; Mark Pottle (ed), Daring to Hope: The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1946–1969 (2000), p 123; Daily Express, 2 Jun 1953; Margaret Thatcher, The Path to Power (1995), p 78; M-O A, TC 69/6/B; James Lees-Milne, A Mingled Measure (1994), p 30.

  8. BBC WA, R9/74/1, Jul 1953, R9/9/17–LR/53/1021; M-O A, TC 69/1/C; David Rayvern Allen (ed), A Word from Arlott (1983), pp 139–42; Martin, 2 Jun 1953; King, 2 Jun 1953; Raynham, 2 Jun 1953; St John, 2 Jun 1953.

  9. BBC WA, R9/9/17–LR/53/1021; Ben Pimlott, The Queen (1996), pp 205–6; Guardian, 2 Jun 2003 (Stephen Bates); Amis, p 323; BBC WA, R9/9/17–LR/53/1021; Jon Lusk, ‘George Browne’, Independent, 10 Apr 2007.

  10. BBC WA, R9/74/1; Diary of Barbara Algie (Glasgow City Archives), 2 Jun 1953; Lord David Sutch, Life as Sutch (1991), p 13; Independent, 29 Oct 2001; Miriam Akhtar and Steve Humphries, The Fifties and Sixties (2001), p 99; The Times, 13 Sep 2004 (Stephanie Theobald); Spectator, 15 Dec 2001.

  11. Golden, 2 Jun 1953; Haines, 2 Jun 1953; M-O A, T69/6/D.

  12. Asa Briggs, Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1995), p 221; Heap, 3 Jun 1953; BBC WA, R9/13/96; Jonathan Dimbleby, Richard Dimbleby (1975), pp 249–50.

  13. Lewis, 2 Jun 1953; Russell Davies (ed), The Kenneth Williams Diaries (1993), p 91; David Foot, Harold Gimblett (Fairfield edn, Bath, 2003), pp 27–8; Lorna Sage, Bad Blood (2000), p 125; Oswestry and Border Counties Advertizer, 10 Jun 1953; Preston, 2 Jun 1953; Alethea Hayter (ed), A Wise Woman: A Memoir of Lavinia Mynors from Her Diaries and Letters (Banham, Norfolk, 1996), p 90.

  14. M-O A, TC 69/3/A; New Statesman, 6 Jun 1953; Kenneth Harris, Attlee (1982), p 510; Haines, 13 Jun 1953; ‘Elaine’, in Terry Jordan (ed), Growing Up in the Fifties (1990), p 85; Lulu, I Don’t Want to Fight (2002), p 22.

  15. M-O A, TC 69/8/A; Maurice Broady, ‘The Organisation of Coronation Street Parties’, Sociological Review (Dec 1956), pp 229–38.

  16. Anne Perkins, Red Queen (2003), p 119; Frances Partridge, Everything to Lose (Phoenix edn, 1999), pp 180–81; Financial Times, 28 Jun 2008; Manchester Guardian Archive (John Rylands Library, University of Manchester), 223/1; New Statesman Archive (University of Sussex, Special Collections), 17/7; Edward Shils and Michael Young, ‘The Meaning of the Coronation’, Sociological Review (Dec 1953), pp 63, 67, 73, 76–7; N. Birnbuam, ‘Monarchs and Sociologists: A Reply to Professor Shils and Mr Young’, Sociological Review (Jul 1955), p 23; Shils and Young, ‘The Meaning’, pp 78, 81.

  17. People, 7 Jun 1953; Ronald Frankenberg, Village on the Border (1957), pp 120–22; Oswestry and Border Counties Advertizer, 10 Jun 1953; Foot, p 36; Wisden Cricketers’ Almanack 1954 (1954), pp 525–6; New Statesman, 6 Jun 1953; Kathleen Tynan, The Life of Kenneth Tynan (Methuen edn, 1988), pp 103–5; New Yorker, 27 Jun 1953; Payn and Morley (eds), Coward Diaries, p 214; Peter F. Alexander, William Plomer (Oxford, 1989), pp 279–82.

  18. Lawrence Black, The Political Culture of the Left in Affluent Britain, 1951–64 (Basingstoke, 2003), p 94; The Times, 4 Jun 1953; Black, Political Culture, pp 94–5; Richard Weight, Patriots (2002), p 242; National Archives, CAB 195/11/1, 17 Jun 1953; Macmillan, p 238; BBC WA, R9/4, 13 Jul 1953; Anthony Sampson, Anatomy of Britain (1962), pp 606–8; Daily Mirror, 15 Jun 1953; Manchester Guardian, 15 Jun 1953; Des Freedman, ‘How Her Majesty’s Opposition Grew to Like Commercial Television: The Labour Party and the Origins of ITV’, Media History (Jun 1999), p 26; News of the World, 26 Jul 1953.

  19. M-O A, TC 69/3/A; Pimlott, Queen, p 218; People, 14 Jun 1953; Nick Clarke, The Shadow of a Nation (2003), p 62; Tim Heald, Princess Margaret (2007), pp 98–101; Daily Mirror, 26 Jun 1953.

  20. Sunday Express, 5 Jul 1953; M-O A, D5353, 9 Jul 1953; Janie Hampton (ed), Joyce & Ginnie (1997), p 188; Sunday Express, 12 Jul 1953; People, 12 Jul 1953; Daily Mirror, 13 Jul 1953; M-O A, D5353, 15 Jul 1953; Payn and Morley (eds), Coward Diaries, p 215.

  21. Daily Mirror, 17 Jul 1953, 20 Jul 1953; People, 19 Jul 1953; The Times, 24 Jul 1953; Guardian, 3 Dec 2005.

  22. Roy Jenkins, Churchill (2001), p 863; Roy Greenslade, Press Gang (2003), p 64; People, 28 Jun 1953; Daily Mirror, 29 Jun 1953; Robert Rhodes James (ed), Chips: The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon (1967), p 580; Daily Mirror, 17 Aug 1953; Lord Moran, Winston Churchill (1966), p 455.

  23. Ludovic Kennedy, Ten Rillington Place (Panther edn, 1971), pp 7–11; Langford, 1 Jul 1953; Donald Thomas, Villains’ Paradise (2005), pp 215–16; Paul Rock and Stanley Cohen, ‘The Teddy Boy’, in Vernon Bogdanor and Robert Skidelsky (eds), The Age of Affluence, 1951–1964 (1970), p 291; John Ezard, ‘Nigel Kneale’, Guardian, 3 Nov 2006; Hilary Kingsley and Geoff Tibballs, Box of Delights (1989), p 13; The Times, 28 Mar 2005; News of the World, 16 Aug 1953; BBC WA, R9/19/1, Sep 1953; Kingsley and Tibballs, Box, p 12; Daily Mail, 21 Jul 1953.

  24. News Chronicle,
11 Aug 1953; Macmillan, p 264; Daily Mirror, 27 Jun 1953; New Yorker, 18 Jul 1953; Edwin Heathcote, London Caffs (Chichester, 2004), p 18; Daily Telegraph, 1 Jun 2002 (Max Davidson); Langford, 3 Jul 1953.

  25. Douglas Bond, 1953 Scrapbook (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1993), p 22; Independent, 1 Aug 1998 (Nicole Veash); Heap, 10 Aug 1953; Langford, 11–13 Aug 1953.

  26. Alan Henry, ‘Duncan Hamilton’, Guardian, 19 May 1994; Independent, 21 Dec 1999, quoting Dick Booth; Lees-Milne, Mingled Measure, p 32; Martin, 27 Jun 1953.

  27. John Campbell, Margaret Thatcher, Volume One (2000), pp 98–9; A. A. Thomson, Cricket My Happiness (1954), pp 16–17; Haines, 18 Aug 1953; Spectator, 10 Sep 2005 (Frank Keating); Haines, 19 Aug 1953.

  12 Moral Courage

  1. The Times, 20–21 Aug 1953; Punch, 19 Aug 1953; Lawrence Black, ‘“The Bitterest Enemies of Communism”: Labour Revisionists, Atlanticism and the Cold War’, Contemporary British History (Autumn 2001), p 53; Shetland Times, 28 Aug 1953, 4 Sep 1953; Orkney Herald, 1 Sep 1953; The Times, 21 Sep 1953; David Cannadine, ‘The “Last Night of the Proms” in Historical Perspective’, Historical Research (May 2008), p 334.

  2. News Chronicle, 7 Sep 1953; New Yorker, 10 Oct 1953; Raynham, 28 Sep 1953; New Yorker, 10 Oct 1953; BBC WA, R9/19/1, Oct 1953; Guardian, 20 Sep 2008 (Michael Coveney reviewing Graham McCann, Bounder!); M-O A, D5353, 3 Oct 1953; New Statesman, 5 Sep 1953, 26 Sep 1953.

  3. The Times, 2 Oct 1953; Daily Mirror, 2 Oct 1953; Brian Simon, ‘The Tory Government and Education, 1951–60: Background to Breakout’, History of Education (Dec 1985), pp 289–90; Brian Simon, Education and the Social Order, 1940–1990 (1991), pp 171–2; Times Educational Supplement, 6 Nov 1953; Bevis Hillier, John Betjeman: New Fame, New Love (2002), pp 562–3.

  4. Brian Simon, A Life in Education (1998), p 58; Times Educational Supplement, 15 Jan 1954; New Statesman, 27 Mar 1954; Simon, Education and the Social Order, p 176; Deborah Thom, ‘Politics and the People: Brian Simon and the Campaign against Intelligence Tests in British Schools’, History of Education (Sep 2004), pp 515–29; Coulsdon & Purley Times, 24 Jul 1953; Crossman, p 270; Papers of Wright Robinson (Manchester City Archives), Box 11, 18 Nov 1953; Crossman, Ms 154/8/14, 19 Nov 1953.

  5. Lorna Sage, Bad Blood (2000), pp 143–7; The Times, 2 Oct 1953; Alethea Hayter (ed), A Wise Woman: A Memoir of Lavinia Mynors from Her Diaries and Letters (Banham, Norfolk, 1996), p 97.

  6. Daily Mirror, 1 Oct 1953; Graham Payn and Sheridan Morley (eds), The Noël Coward Diaries (1982), p 221; Heap, 8 Oct 1953; Spectator, 16 Oct 1953; New Statesman, 17 Oct 1953; Times Literary Supplement, 18 Jul 2008; Martin Gilbert, ‘Never Despair’ (1988), p 895; Observer, 11 Oct 1953; Russell Davies (ed), The Kenneth Williams Letters (1994), pp 30–31.

  7. Heap, 25 Sep 1953; Tam Dalyell, ‘Baroness Jeger’, Independent, 3 Mar 2007; Crossman, p 276; Manchester Guardian, 19 Nov 1953.

  8. Mark Lewisohn, Funny, Peculiar (2002), pp 201–2; Jeffrey Weeks, Coming Out (Quartet edn, 1990), p 159; Richard Davenport-Hines, Sex, Death and Punishment (1990), pp 304–5; Weeks, Coming, p 159; Cate Haste, Rules of Desire (1992), p 169; Davenport-Hines, Sex, p 310; Philip Hoare, ‘Peter Wildeblood’, Independent, 25 Nov 1999; Kathleen Tynan, The Life of Kenneth Tynan (Methuen edn, 1988), pp 109–10; Davenport-Hines, Sex, pp 301–2.

  9. Langford, 21 Oct 1953; Nigel Hawthorne, Straight Face (2002), p 120; Sheridan Morley, John G (2001), p 249; Hawthorne, Straight Face, p 120; Sunday Express, 25 Oct 1953; Morley, John G, p 252; BBC WA, Any Questions?, 30 Oct 1953; Sunday Express, 1 Nov 1953; Jeffrey Weeks, Sex, Politics and Society (1989 edn, Harlow), p 241; Davenport-Hines, Sex, p 299; Radio 4, The BBC and the Closet, 29 Jan 2008; Chad Varah, Before I Die Again (1992), p 170.

  10. MNA, Box 13, Take It From Here, 12 Nov 1953; June Whitfield, . . . And June Whitfield (2000), p 94; Frank Muir, A Kentish Lad (1997), p 151; M-O A, D5353, 6 Dec 1953; Autocar, 2 Oct 1953, 9 Oct 1953, 30 Oct 1953; Haines, 16 Nov 1953; Daily Mirror, 24 Nov 1953; Payn and Morley (eds), Coward Diaries, p 223; John Coldstream, Dirk Bogarde (2004), p 198. In general on TIFH, see John Fisher, Funny Way to Be a Hero (1973), pp 225–7; Derek Parker, Radio (Newton Abbot, 1977), pp 121–2.

  11. Daily Mirror, 25 Nov 1953; Ivan Ponting, ‘Ferenc Puskas’, Independent, 18 Nov 2006; Daily Mirror, 26 Nov 1953; Birmingham Post, 26 Nov 1953; Observer, 29 Nov 1953; Guardian, 20 May 2005 (Peter Bradshaw); Orkney Herald, 8 Dec 1953; BBC WA, R9/19/1, Dec 1953. In general on the England–Hungary match and its context, see the special issue of Sport in History (Winter 2003–4), including articles by Peter J. Beck, Ronald Kowalski and Dilwyn Porter, and Jeffrey Hill.

  12. Sage, Bad Blood, pp 155–6; Hansard, 4 Nov 1953, cols 187–8; South Western Star, 9 Oct 1953; Housing Centre Review (Mar–Apr 1954), pp 20–24.

  13. Michael Young, ‘A Study of the Extended Family in East London’, University of London PhD, 1955, pp 24, 34, 170, 174, 176–7; Dartington Hall Trust Archives, LKE/G/35; Nick Tiratsoo and Mark Clapson, ‘The Ford Foundation and Social Planning in Britain: The Case of the Institute of Community Studies and Family and Kinship in East London’, in Giuliana Gemelli (ed), American Foundations and Large-Scale Research (Bologna, 2001), pp 201–17. See also Asa Briggs, Michael Young (Basingstoke, 2001), pp 128–37.

  14. Paul Oliver et al, Dunroamin (1981), pp 27, 19, 21; Nicholas Bullock, Building the Post-War World (2002), p 139; Coventry Evening Telegraph, 8 Sep 1953; Christopher W. Bacon, ‘Streets-in-the-Sky: The Rise and Fall of the Modern Architectural Urban Utopia’, University of Sheffield PhD, 1982, pp 115–19.

  15. Alan G. V. Simmonds, ‘Conservative Governments and the New Town Housing Question in the 1950s’, Urban History (May 2001), pp 65–83; Macmillan, p 160; Architectural Review (July 1953), pp 29–33; New Yorker, 17 Oct 1953.

  16. Judy Attfield, ‘Inside Pram Town: A Case Study of Harlow House Interiors, 1951–61’, in Attfield and Pat Kirkham (eds), A View from the Interior (1989), pp 215–16, 218; Mark Llewellyn, ‘Producing and Experiencing Harlow: Neighbourhood Units and Narratives of New Town Life 1947–53’, Planning Perspectives (Apr 2004), pp 155–74; Andrew Homer, ‘Administrative and Social Change in the Post-War British New Towns: A Case Study of Stevenage and Hemel Hempstead 1946–70’, University of Luton PhD, 1999, p 149; Simmonds, ‘Conservative Governments’, pp 75–6; http://www.francisfrith.com/search/england/crawley/memories; Attfield and Kirkham (eds), A View, p 215; Susan Morris, Untitled section in Huw and Connie Rees (eds), The History Makers (Stevenage, 1981), pp 83–7; Jack Balchin, First New Town (Stevenage, 1980), pp 271–5; Homer, ‘Administrative and Social Change’, pp 157–63.

  17. Chaplin, 7/3/1, 7 Dec 1953, Interview with Rene Chaplin, 18 May 1999; Maureen Kent, ‘Harold Hill in the “Fifties”’, in Shirley Durgan (ed), Our Scattered Lives (Billericay, c. 1980), pp 31–2; Cyril Dunn, ‘Notes on Life in a London Satellite’ (1953–4), in possession of Peter Dunn.

  18. Asa Briggs, Sound and Vision (Oxford, 1995), pp 835–6; Hansard, 25 Nov 1953, cols 517, 524–5, 531, 555; New Yorker, 12 Dec 1953; Hansard, 15 Dec 1953, cols 298–300.

  19. David Kynaston, The City of London, Volume IV (2001), pp 64–5; BBC WA, Any Questions?, 11 Dec 1953; Papers of W. J. Brown (Department of Documents, Imperial War Museum), 02/59/3, 1/18, 14 Dec 1953; Financial Times, 14–15 Dec 1953; Andrew Roberts, Eminent Churchillians (1994), pp 267–8; Macmillan, pp 279–80; Sheffield Telegraph, 17 Dec 1953; Financial Times, 18 Dec 1953; The Times, 19 Dec 1953; Roberts, Eminent Churchillians, pp 267, 269; Anthony Howard, RAB (1987), p 203.

  20. Norman Wisdom, Don’t Laugh At Me (1992), p 151; Norman Wisdom, In My Turn (2002), p 190; Daily Mirror, 18 Dec 1953; Spectator, 25 Dec 1953; The Times, 21 Dec 1953; Wisdom, Don’t, p 152; Picture Post, 30 Jan 1954.

  21. Haines, 25 Dec 1953, 16 Jan 1954; Anthony Hayward, ‘Bert Foord’, Independent, 11 Aug 2001; BBC WA, R9/10/1–VR/54/81, 19 Feb 1954, R9/74/1, Jan 1954; Martin, 19 Jan 1954; MNA, Box 38; Picture Post, 2 Jan 1954.

  22. Raynham, 12 Jan 1954; Streat, pp 705–6; Daily Mirror, 26 Jan 1954; Punch, 3 Feb 1954;
Gilbert, p 950.

  13 Can You Afford It, Boy?

  1. John Wain, Hurry on Down (Penguin edn, 1960), p 7; Times Literary Supplement, 9 Oct 1953; New Statesman, 24 Oct 1953; Listener, 29 Oct 1953; Birmingham Post, 27 Oct 1953; The Times, 7 Oct 1953.

  2. Melvyn Bragg, Rich (1988), p 142; Listener, 4 Feb 1954; New Statesman, 6 Feb 1954; BBC WA, R9/74/1, Mar 1954; Andrew Lycett, Dylan Thomas (2003), p 377.

  3. Amis, pp 344–5; Zachary Leader, The Life of Kingsley Amis (2006), p 300; Sunday Times, 24 Jan 1954; Spectator, 29 Jan 1954; New Statesman, 30 Jan 1954; Punch, 3 Feb 1954; Daily Telegraph, 5 Feb 1954; Times Literary Supplement, 12 Feb 1954; Listener, 18 Mar 1954.

  4. Amis, pp 522–3, 746; Brian Aldiss, ‘’im’, in Dale Sarwak (ed), Kingsley Amis (Basingstoke, 1990), p 40; Humphrey Carpenter, The Angry Young Men (2002), p 55; Anthony Powell, To Keep The Ball Rolling, Volume IV (1982), pp 158–9; Kingsley Amis, Lucky Jim (Penguin edn, 1961), p 63; Neil Powell, Amis & Son (2008), p 84.

  5. Anthony Thwaite (ed), Selected Letters of Philip Larkin (1992), pp 221–3; Philip Larkin, Collected Poems (1988), p 84.

  A Thicker Cut

  1 Tolerably Pleasing

  1. National Archives, CAB 195/11/1, 3 Feb 1954; Evening News, 4 Feb 1954, Coventry Evening Telegraph, 4 Feb 1954; Birmingham Mail, 5 Feb 1954; Hertfordshire Hemel Hempstead Gazette & West Herts Advertiser, 12 Feb 1954.

  2. Evening News, 16 Feb 1954; Birmingham Mail, 16 Feb 1954, 24 Feb 1954, 25 Feb 1954, News Chronicle, 23 Feb 1954, 1 Mar 1954, 2 Mar 1954.

  3. Robert Rhodes James, Bob Boothby (1991), pp 369–70; Observer, 21 Feb 1954; National Archives, CAB 195/11/1, 24 Feb 1954.

  4. Haines, 19–20 Feb 1954; Birmingham Mail, 17 Feb 1954; M-O A, D5353, 20 Feb 1954.

  2 Butter is Off the Ration

  1. Spectator, 12 Mar 1954; Picture Post, 20 Mar 1954; John Pollock, Billy Graham (1966), p 165; New Yorker, 15 May 1954; Langford, 10 Jan 1954; Economist, 6 Mar 1954; Frances Partridge, Everything To Lose (Phoenix edn, 1999), pp 198–9; Cate Haste, Rules of Desire (1992), p 170; Peter Wildeblood, Against the Law (1955), pp 62–3, 80; Sunday Telegraph, 10 Sep 2000 (Lord Montagu interview); Sheridan Morley, John G (2001), pp 259–60.