London Under

by Peter Ackroyd

  Douglas, Hugh: The Underground Story (London, 1963)

  Duncan, Andrew: Secret London (London, 2000)

  Emmerson, Andrew: Discovering Subterranean London (Oxford, 2009)

  Follenfant, H.G.: Reconstructing London’s Underground (London, 1974)

  Foord, A.S.: Springs, Streams and Spas of London (London, 1910)

  Gilbert, P.K. (editor): Imagined Londons (Albany, 2002)

  Graves, Charles: London Transport at War (London, 1974)

  Halliday, Stephen: The Great Stink of London (London, 1999)

  —— Underground to Everywhere (London, 2001)

  —— Making the Metropolis: Creators of Victoria’s London (London, 2003)

  Harrison, Michael: London Beneath the Pavement (London, 1961)

  Haynes, Ian, Sheldon, Harvey and Hannigan, Leslie (editors): London Under Ground: The Archaeology of a City (Oxford, 2000)

  Hill, Tobias: Underground (London, 1999)

  Hollingshead, John: Underground London (London, 1862)

  Howson, H.F.: London’s Underground (London, 1981)

  Jackson, Mick: The Underground Man (London, 1997)

  Kelly, Michael: London Lines: The Capital by Underground (Edinburgh, 1996)

  Kent, Peter: Hidden Under the Ground (Hove, 1998)

  Lambert, G.W.: The Geography of London’s Ghosts (London, 1960)

  Lampe, David: The Tunnel (London, 1963)

  Laurie, Peter: Beneath the City Streets (London, 1970)

  Lawrence, David: Underground Architecture (London, 1994)

  Legget, R.F.: Cities and Geology (New York, 1973)

  Long, David: The Little Book of the London Underground (Stroud, 2009)

  McCann, Bill (editor): Fleet Valley Project: Interim Report of the Museum of London Archaeology Service (London, 1993)

  Newby, Eric, A Traveller’s Life (London, 1982)

  Pennick, Nigel: Tunnels under London (Cambridge, 1981)

  —— Bunkers under London (Cambridge, 1988)

  Pike, D.L.: Subterranean Cities (London, 2005)

  Rolt, L.T.C.: Brunel (Stroud, 2006)

  Ross, Christopher: Tunnel Visions (London, 2001)

  Ross, Stewart: History in Hiding (London, 1991)

  Sandström, G.E.: The History of Tunnelling (London, 1963)

  Smith, Stephen: Underground London: Travels Beneath the City Streets (London, 2004)

  Stevens, F.L.: Under London (London, 1939)

  Sunderland, Septimus: Old London’s Spas, Baths, and Wells (London, 1915)

  Trench, Richard and Hillman, Ellis: London Under London: A Subterranean Guide (London, 1993)

  Wolmar, Christian: Down the Tube (London, 2002)

  LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

  Picture sources: Bridgeman Art Library Ill.3, Ill.17, Ill.25, Ill.26, Ill.40, Ill.42; British Museum, Crace Collection Ill.8; Capital Transport Publishing Ill.32; Nick Catford, “Subterranea Britannica” Ill.6; Gustave Doré, London: A Pilgrimage, 1872, Ill.27; A.S. Foord, Springs, Streams and Spas of London, 1910, Ill.20; Getty Images Ill.39; Guildhall Library, City of London Ill.1; Cecil Higgins Art Gallery, Bedford, Bedfordshire, UK / © Henry Moore Foundation / Bridgeman Ill.41; F. H. Howson, London’s Underground, 1951, Ill.29; Illustrated London News, Ill.2, Ill.16, Ill.24, Ill.28; Charles Knight, London, 3v., 1841–4, Ill.4, Ill.10, Ill.11, Ill.19, Ill.37; David Lawrence, Underground Architecture, 1994, Ill.33; London Transport Museum Picture Library Ill.34, Ill.35; Henry Mayhew, London Labour and the London Poor, 2v., 1851, Ill.1, Ill.13, Ill.14, Ill.15; Museum of London Ill.5, Ill.9; G.R. Sims, Living London, 6v., 1933, Ill.18, Ill.23, Ill.30, Ill.31, Ill.38; Thames Water Ill.12, Ill.21

  INDEX

  Abbey Mills Pumping Station, Stratford, 6.1, 6.2

  Abbey Street, Bermondsey

  Aberdeen Place

  Abney Park Cemetery, Stoke Newington, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

  Acton, 2.1, 4.1

  Acts of Parliament

  Sanitary Act (1388)

  on Sewer Commissions (1531)

  Adelphi arches

  Albert, Prince Consort

  Albert Embankment

  Aldgate: sewer

  Aldwych

  Australia House

  sewer

  All Hallows by the Tower

  All Hallows, Shoreditch

  All the Year Round (magazine), 6.1, 7.1

  Alsop, Will: North Greenwich underground station

  amphitheatres, Roman, 2.1, 2.2

  Amwell Spring

  Angel, Islington

  Anglo‑Saxons, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1

  brooch

  coffins and graves

  anthrax

  Anubis

  aqueducts, Roman, 3.1, 4.1

  Archer, John: Vestiges of Old London, 6.1

  Arlington Way

  Ashentree Court, off Whitefriars Street

  Asquith, Anthony: Underground, 10.1

  Aubrey, John

  Australia House, Aldwych

  Babylonians

  Back Hill

  Bacon, Francis

  Baker Street and Waterloo Railway

  see also under London Underground

  Balham

  Bank of England, 4.1, 11.1

  banks

  Bankside

  Barking

  Barnardo, Dr. Thomas

  Barnsbury Road, Islington

  baths, public

  Roman, 2.1, 2.2

  Battersea

  Bauhaus movement

  Bayswater

  Bazalgette, Joseph

  BBC Worldlife, 1.1

  Beck, Henry: London Underground map

  Beckton

  Belgravia

  Bell, Walter George: Unknown London, 1.1

  Bermondsey Abbey

  Bethlem Hospital

  Bethnal Green Road

  Betjeman, John

  Summoned by Bells, 10.1

  Black Ditch, the

  Blackfriars, 2.1, 5.1

  sewer

  Blackfriars Bridge, 5.1, 6.1

  Black Mary’s Hole

  Blackwall, 6.1; Road Tunnel, 8.1

  Blomfield Street, Shoreditch

  Boadicea, statue of

  Bourne Street, Chelsea

  Bouverie Street

  Boyle, Robert

  Bridewell

  British Telecom, 7.1, 7.2

  Britons, Ancient, 2.1, 4.1

  Brixton, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  Brompton Cemetery, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

  Brompton Road, 6.1, 9.1

  Bronze Age, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

  Brook Street

  brooks, ff.

  Brown, Ford Madox: Work, 6.1

  Brunel, Isambard Kingdom, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 9.1

  Brunel, Marc Isambard, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3

  Buckingham Palace, 11.1, 12.1

  Budge Row

  bunkers, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  Burgis, L. F.

  burials see catacombs; cemeteries

  Burke, Edmund: Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 13.1

  Cabinet War Rooms, 11.1, 11.2

  cables, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 8.1

  Caesar, Julius: camp

  Camberwell

  Camberwell Green

  Camden, William

  Camden Town, 1.1, 3.1, 5.1, 10.1

  Camomile Street

  Campbell, Duncan

  Canning Town

  Cannon Street

  Canute, King

  Carlton House Terrace

  Carmelite monastery, 2.1, 2.2

  catacombs, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2

  Céline, Louis‑Ferdinand: Voyage au bout de la nuit, 6.1

  cemeteries, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3

  Cenotaph, the

  Cerberus

  cess‑pits/pools, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  Chadwell Springs

  chalybeate water, 3.1, 3.2

  Chancery Lane, 11.1, 11.2

  Cheapside, 4.1, 7.1

  Chelsea, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

  Lots Road Power Station, 4.1, 9.1, 10.1

 
sewer

  Chenies Street

  Cheshire Cheese tavern, Fleet Street

  Chesterton, G. K.

  Chetwynd‑Hayes, R.: Non‑Paying Passengers, 10.1

  Chislehurst Caves

  Chiswick

  cholera epidemics, 4.1, 5.1

  Christ Church, Spitalfields

  Christians, early/Christianity, 1.1, 2.1, 5.1

  Citadel, Horse Guards Parade

  City and South London Railway, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1

  City of London, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1, 9.1, 9.2, 11.1, 11.2

  churches

  see also Farringdon

  City Press, 9.1

  City Road

  Civil War, English

  Clapham

  Claremont Square

  Clement’s Inn

  Clerkenwell, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1

  sewer

  Clerkenwell Green, 1.1, 3.1

  Clerkenwell Prison

  Cloak Lane

  “coal gas” 83

  COBRA

  Cockfosters

  coins, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 6.1, 11.1

  Roman, 5.1, 11.1

  Coldharbour Lane, Brixton

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor: “Kubla Khan” 55

  College Street (Elbow Lane)

  Compton Street, Clerkenwell: sewer

  Conduit Street

  conduits, 4.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3

  Cornhill conduit, 7.1, 7.2

  corpses, 2.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  see also catacombs; cemeteries

  Counter’s Creek

  County Hall, 2.1, 2.2

  Covent Garden

  Cowcross Street

  Craig’s Court, Whitehall

  Creffield road, Acton

  Criminals/criminality, 1.1, 1.2, 5.1, 11.1

  Cromwell Road

  Crossness Pumping Station, 6.1, 6.2

  Croydon

  crypts, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 6.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

  Curtain Road, Shoreditch

  “Dagenham Idol” 28

  Daily Courant, 5.1

  Daily Telegraph, 6.1

  Darwin, Charles

  Death Line (film), 10.1

  de la Mare, Walter: Bad Company, 10.1

  Deptford

  Devonshire Place

  de Witt, Helen: The Last Samurai, 10.1

  Dickens, Charles, 7.1, 9.1

  “The City of the Absent”

  “Night Walks”

  Oliver Twist, 4.1

  The Pickwick Papers, 5.1

  diseases, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 6.2

  “tunnel disease”

  see also plague

  Disraeli, Benjamin

  Dixie, B.: The Entrance to the Thames Tunnel, 8.1

  Docklands Light Railway

  Dogs, Isle of, 2.1, 8.1, 8.2

  Doré, Gustave: London: A Pilgrimage, 9.1

  Dowgate Hill

  Down Street, 4.1, 10.1

  Drabble, Margaret: The Middle Ground, 13.1

  Drury Lane

  Duke of York Steps

  Dulwich

  Dulwich Common

  Dulwich Park

  “Dynamiters”

  Earls Court

  Earl’s Sluice, the

  East London Railway, 8.1, 9.1

  Eaton Square

  Eddowes, Catherine

  Edgware Road, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Effra, the

  Effra Road, Brixton

  electric cables, 7.1, 7.2

  electric railways, 9.1, 9.2

  Elephant and Castle, 4.1, 11.1

  Elgin Marbles, the

  Elstree

  Erith marshes, 2.1, 6.1

  Euston Road

  Euston Square, 9.1, 9.2

  Evelyn, John, 6.1, 7.1

  Exmouth Market

  Eyre Street Hill

  Falcon, the

  Farquhar, George: Sir Harry Wildair, 5.1

  Farringdon, 9.1, 9.2

  Farringdon Lane, 3.1, 5.1

  Farringdon Road

  Farringdon Street, 5.1, 5.2, 9.1, 9.2

  Fenchurch Street, 2.1, 2.2

  Fenians, 7.1, 9.1

  Fetter Lane burial ground

  fibre optic cables, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3

  films

  Death Line, 10.1

  Quatermass and the Pit, 10.1

  Things to Come, 12.1

  Underground, 10.1

  Finsbury, 3.1, 6.1

  Fleet, the, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 6.1, 9.1, 9.2

  Fleet Bridge

  Fleet Ditch

  Fleet Prison, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3

  Fleet Road

  Fleet sewer, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4

  Fleet Street, 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 11.1

  flood‑control centre

  Floral Street

  Ford, Ford Madox: The Soul of London, 10.1

  Foster, Norman: Canary Wharf station

  France, Alfred: Underground poster

  Freud, Sigmund

  Fulham: sewer

  Fulham Cemetery

  Furnival Street, 11.1, 11.2

  Galsworthy, John: The Man of Property, 10.1

  Gants Hill

  Garrick Street

  gas pipes, 1.1, 7.1, 7.2

  Geffrye Museum, Shoreditch

  Gentleman, David: murals, 9.1, 9.2

  Gentleman’s Magazine, 5.1

  geology, London’s, 1.1, 1.2

  George IV

  George V

  Gladstone, William E. 132

  gold, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3

  Golden Square

  Goodge Street

  government departments, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 12.1

  Grahame, Kenneth: The Wind in the Willows, 1.1

  Great Conduit

  Great Dover Street, Southwark

  Great Eastern Railway Company

  Great Fire (1666), 2.1, 3.1, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1

  Great Northern and City Railway

  Great Northern Railway Company

  Great Smith Street

  “great stink,” the (1858)

  Great Western Railway Company

  Green Park, 4.1, 11.1

  Greenwich: commissioner of sewers

  Greenwich Foot Tunnel

  Greenwich Park

  Gropius, Walter

  Grosvenor Place

  groundwater

  Guildhall

  Guildhall Museum

  Hackney, 3.1, 8.1

  Hackney Brook

  Hadrian, Emperor: head

  Hamilton, Lady Emma

  Hammersmith, 4.1, 9.1

  sewers

  Hammersmith Cemetery

  Hampstead, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2

  sewer

  Hampstead Heath, 5.1, 9.1

  Harrison, Michael: London Beneath the Pavement, 11.1

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel

  Heaney, Seamus: “The Underground”

  Heath Street, Hampstead: sewer

  Henry III

  Herbal Hill

  heretics, burning of

  Herne Hill

  Highgate Cemetery, 2.1, 2.2

  High Holborn, 7.1, 11.1, 11.2

  Hobart Place

  Hobsbawm, Eric

  Holborn, 5.1, 6.1, 7.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2, 12.1

  see also High Holborn

  Holborn Bridge, 5.1, 5.2

  Holborn Telephone Exchange

  Holborn Viaduct, 5.1, 5.2

  Hollingshead, John: Underground London, 1.1

  Hollis, L. C. 181

  Holywell Street, Islington

  Holywell Street, Shoreditch

  Hopton Street, Southwark

  Horseferry Road

  Horse Guards Parade

  Houses of Parliament

  Hyde Park

  St. Agnes’s Well

  The Serpentine, 4.1, 4.2

  Hyde Park Corner

  hydraulic pipes

  Idler, The (magazine), 10.1

  Imperial War Museum

  Institution of Civil Engineers, 9.1, 9.2
/>   Iron Age structures

  Islington, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 7.1, 7.2

  see also Clerkenwell

  Islington canal/tunnel, 6.1, 6.2

  Jack the Ripper, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2

  Jacob Street

  James, Henry: A London Life, 10.1

  Jones, George: The Banquet in the Thames Tunnel, 8.1

  Jones, Inigo

  Jonson, Ben: “On the Famous Voyage” 65

  Kemble, Fanny

  Kenilworth Road, Pimlico: sewer

  Kennington

  Kennington Road sewer

  Kensal Green Cemetery, 2.1, 2.2, 4.1

  Kensington: sewer

  Kilburn

  King’s Cross, 3.1, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2

  King’s Cross Bridge

  Kingsley, Charles

  King Street, Westminster, 2.1, 6.1

  Kingsway, 2.1, 3.1, 11.1

  King William Street

  Knight, Charles: London, 2.1, 13.1

  Knightrider Street

  Knightsbridge, 4.1, 12.1

  Knossos, Crete, 1.1, 6.1

  Lamb public house, Lamb’s Conduit Street

  Lambe, Sir William

  Lambert, G. W.: The Geography of London’s Ghosts, 4.1

  Lambeth

  Lamb’s Conduit Street, Holborn, 3.1, 7.1

  lavatories, public, 1.1, 5.1

  Lawrence, G. F.

  Lea, River

  Leadenhall Market

  “legging” 97

  Leicester Square, 7.1, 11.1

  Lemuria

  Leytonstone

  Limehouse

  Limehouse Link

  Lincoln’s Inn Fields

  literature and underground

  London Basin

  London Connection, the

  London Electricity Board

  London Gaslight Company

  London Silver Vaults

  London Spa public house, Rosoman Street

  London Underground, 1.1, 7.1, 9.1ff., 9.2, 10.1

  “Alight Here” (poetry project)

  art, 9.1, 9.2, see also posters

  Baker Street and Waterloo (“Bakerloo”) Line, 9.1, 9.2, 10.1, 10.2, 11.1

  Central Line, 1.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 10.4, 12.1

  Circle Line, 10.1, 10.2, 12.1

  City and South London line/Stockwell line, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 10.1

  “dead”/disused stations and tunnels, 9.1, 10.1, 12.1

  deaths, 9.1, 9.2

  depth

  District Line, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4

  electric cables

  electric railways, 9.1, 9.2

  escalators, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 10.1, 12.1, 12.2

  films about, 10.1, 12.1

  flooding, 5.1, 9.1, 9.2, 12.1

  “ghost” stations

  Hampstead Line

  Inner Circle, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3

  Jubilee Line, 9.1, 9.2

  lighting