Russia Against Napoleon

by Dominic Lieven

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  Key Secondary Literature

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  ——, Donskoi generalitet i ataman Platov v 1812 godu, Moscow, 1999.

  ——, Razvedka i plany storon v 1812 godu, Moscow, 2005.

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  ——, Istoriia voiny 1813 g. za nezavisimost’ Germanii, 2 vols., SPB, 1863.

  ——, Istoriia voiny 1814 goda vo Frantsii, 2 vols., SPB, 1865.

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  Fournier, A., Der Congress von Chatillon: Die Politik im Kriege von 1814, Vienna, 1900.

  Friederich, R. von, Die Befreiungskriege 1813–1815, vol. 1: Der Fruhjahrsfeldzug 1813, Berlin, 1911; vol. 2: Der Herbstfeldzug 1813, Berlin, 1912; vol. 3: Der Feldzug 1814, Berlin, 1913.

  Gavrilov, S. V., Organizatsiia i snabzhenie russkoi armii nakanune i v khode otechestvennoi voiny 1812 g. i zagranichnykh pokhodov 1813–1815 gg: Istoricheskie aspekty, candidate’s dissertation, SPB, 2003.

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  Geschichte der Kämpfe Österreichs: Kriege unter der Regierung des Kaisers Franz. Befreiungskrieg 1813 und 1814, 5 vols.:

  vol. 1: Criste, O., Österreichs Beitritt zur Koalition, Vienna, 1913.

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  vol. 3: Horstenau, E. Glaise von, Feldzug von Dresden, Vienna, 1913.

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  Martin, A., ‘The Response of the Population of Moscow to the Napoleonic Occupation of 1812’, in E. Lohr and M. Poe, (eds.), The Military and Society in Russia, 1450–1917, Leiden, 2002.

  Mel’nikova, L. V., Armiia i pravoslavnaia tserkov’ Rossiiskoi imperii v epokhu Napoleonovskikh voin, Moscow, 2007.

  Melton, E., ‘Household Economies and Communal Conflicts on a Russian Serf Estate, 1800–1817’, Journal of Social History, 26/3, 1993.

  Mikhailovskii-Danilevskii, A. I., Opisanie otechestvennoi voiny 1812 g., 4 vols., SPB, 1839.

  ——, Opisanie pokhoda vo Frantsii v 1814 godu, 2 vols., SPB, 1836. repr. in one vol., 1841.

  ——, Opisanie voiny 1813 g., 2 vols., SPB, 1840.

  Mironenko, S. V., Samoderzhavie i reformy: Politicheskaia bor’ba v Rossii v nachale XIX v., Moscow, 1989.

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  Pitts, J., A Turn to Empire: The Rise of Imperial Liberalism in Britain and France, Princeton, 2005.

  Podmazo, A. A., ‘Kontinental’naia blokada kak ekonomicheskaia prichina voiny 1812 g’, in Epokha 1812 goda: Issledovaniia, istochniki, istoriografiia, TGIM, 137, Moscow, 2003, vol. 2.

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  Additional Reading in English

  As noted in the Introduction, the literature on Russia’s war effort is sparse and often unreliable, mostly being derived from French and German sources. An exception is Alexander Mikaberidze, The Battle of Borodino, Barnsley, 2007. The same author has compiled a useful work on the Russian officer corps in the period: The Russian Officer Corps in the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, 1795–1815, Staplehurst, 2005. Also valuable is Alexander and Iurii Zhmodikov, Tactics of the Russian Army in the Napoleonic Wars, 2 vols., West Chester, 2003, but this is a very limited edition and hard to get hold of. Christopher Duffy has made a great contribution to English-language readers’ understanding of the Russian army but his main work covers the period before the Napoleonic wars: Russia’s Military Way to the West, London, 1981, and Eagles over the Alps: Suvorov in Italy and Switzerland 1799, Chicago, 1999. He has also written two short books on the battles of Austerlitz and Borodino: Austerlitz and Borodino and the War of 1812, both reprinted in new editions by Cassell in London in 1999.

  A number of Western scholars have written often excellent books in English which provide a background to the empire’s war with Napoleon. See in particular William Fuller’s splendid Strategy and Power in Russia, 1600–1914, New York, 1992, and Patricia Grimsted, The Foreign Ministers of Alexander I, Berkeley, 1969; Janet Hartley, Alexander I, London, 1994, and Russia, 1762–1825: Military Power, the State and the People, London, 2008; John Keep, Soldiers of the Tsar, 1462–1874, Oxford, 1985; John Le Donne, The Grand Strategy of the Russian Empire, 1650–1831, Oxford, 2004; Alexander Martin, Romantics, Reformers, Reactionaries: Russian Conservative Thought and Politics in the Reign of Alexander I, De Kalb, Ill., 1997; Alan Palmer, Alexander I: Tsar
of War and Peace, London, 1974; Richard Pipes, Karamzin’s Memoir on Ancient and Modern Russia: A Translation and Analysis, Ann Arbor, 2005; Nicholas Riasanovsky, A Parting of Ways: Government and the Educated Public in Russia 1801–1855, Oxford, 1976; David Saunders, Russia in the Age of Reaction and Reform 1801–1881, London, 1992; Elise Kimerling Wirtschafter, From Serf to Russian Soldier, Princeton, 1990.

  Readers seeking background information on Russian government, society and culture might consult volume 2 of The Cambridge History of Russia, Cambridge, 2006, which I edited, and which contains many excellent contributions by experts in the field of Russian imperial history. Both in this volume and in the books listed in the previous paragraph can be found bibliographies that will lead the interested reader to the rather few academic articles in English on the era of Alexander I and relevant to the wars with Napoleon.

  A number of memoirs originally written by Russians who participated in the wars have been translated into English: Nadezhda Durova, The Cavalry Maiden: Journals of a Female Russian Officer in the Napoleonic Wars, ed. and trans. Mary Fleming Zirin, Bloomington, Ill., 1989; Denis Davydov, In the Service of the Tsar against Napoleon: The Memoirs of Denis Davydov, ed. and trans. Gregory Troubetzkoy, London, 2006; Aleksei Ermolov, The Czar’s General: The Memoirs of a Russian General in the Napoleonic Wars, ed. and trans. Alexander Mikaberidze, London, 2006; Boris Uxkull, Arms and the Woman, trans. Joel Carmichael, London, 1966.

  Some memoirs and commentaries by non-Russian participants in the wars are also available in English and are valuable for their insights into the Russian war effort. These include: C. F. Adams (ed.), John Quincy Adams in Russia, New York, 1970; A. Brett-James (ed.), General Wilson’s Journal 1812–1814, London, 1964; Lord Burghersh, The Operations of the Allied Armies in 1813 and 1814, London, 1822; the Hon. George Cathcart, Commentaries on the War in Russia and Germany in 1812 and 1813, London, 1850; A de Caulaincourt, At Napoleon’s Side in Russia, New York, 2003; Carl von Clausewitz, The Campaign of 1812 in Russia, London, 1992; the Marquess of Londonderry, Narrative of the War in Germany and France in 1813 and 1814, London, 1830; Baron Karl von Müffling, The Memoirs of Baron von Müffling: A Prussian Officer in the Napoleonic Wars, ed. Peter Hofschroer, London, 1997; Baron von Odeleben, A Circumstantial Narrative of the Campaign in Saxony in the Year 1813, 2 vols., London, 1820; Count P. de Ségur, History of the Expedition to Russia, 1812, 2 vols., Stroud, 2005.