The Great Shame

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by Keneally, Thomas


  Tom Connors and Lieutenant Bernard O’Neill: http://www.thewildgeese.com.

  Tribune announces TFM wounded: New York Daily Tribune, 21 September 1862.

  Strother and Cox on TFM: Sears, Landscape Turned Red, as above.

  General McClellan on Irish Brigade at Antietam: McClellan’s Report, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 19, Part 1.

  TFM in Sumner’s dispatch: Sumner’s Report, 1 October 1862, in War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 19, Part 1.

  Colonel Barlow’s report, TFM at Antietam: Daly, Union Lady.

  TFM discusses burial truce after Antietam: Meagher’s Report, in War of the Rebellion, as above.

  Lee abandons Antietam lines: Meagher’s Report, in War of the Rebellion, as above.

  Meagher to Libby on Antietam: Copied by Libby to Barlow, 1 October 1862, Barlow Papers, Huntington Library, CA.

  Captain Gosson incident: Conyngham, as above.

  Mitchel re-enters South: Mitchel, Jail Journal, as above; Dillon, Volume 2, as above.

  John Dooley remembers Antietam: Sears, Landscape Turned Red, as above.

  Mitchel’s editorial style: Daily Enquirer, 8 October 1862.

  McCarter’s experience of Meagher, Bolivar Heights to Fredericksburg: McCarter, William, My Life in the Irish Brigade: The Civil War Memories of Private William McCarter, 116th Pennsylvania, ed. Kevin O’Brien, Campbell, CA, 1997.

  TFM on relief of McClellan: TFM to Barlow, 10 November 1862, Barlow Papers, Huntington Library, CA.

  Fredericksburg Campaign: McPherson, as above.

  TFM’s telegram: TFM to Senior Officer, Recruiting Office, undated, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Sergeant McClelland’s version, TFM’s Fredericksburg speech: Irish American, 10 January 1863.

  Thomas F. Galwey on Irish Brigade: Conyngham, as above.

  Officer writes of widows and orphans: Lieutenant Nagle to his father, Irish American, 17 December 1862.

  Singing of ‘Ireland Boys Hurrah’: Jones, as above.

  Reynolds’s medical certificate: Reynolds to Assistant Adjutant-General, 15 December 1862, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Military telegram to Major Horgan’s sister: 21 December 1862, as for previous note.

  22 LET ME HAVE IDAHO

  Chapter heading: D’Arcy, as above

  Conscription notices: Richmond Enquirer, 2 January 1863.

  Irish perceptions of the war: Richmond Enquirer, 10 January 1863.

  Union’s use of Irish symbols: Richmond Enquirer, 10 January 1863.

  All Mitchel’s letters to Miss Thompson: Dillon, Volume 2, as above.

  Requiem Mass for Brigade dead, and subsequent dinner and speeches: NYT, 17 January 1863.

  Halpine verse: Lyons, W. F., as above.

  Halleck’s order to Adjutant-General: 30 January 1863, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  TFM’s certificates from Surgeon Edgar: Edgar to Adjutant-General, 11 January, 3 February 1863, as for previous note.

  TFM requests Irish Brigade be relieved: TFM to Secretary Stanton, 19 February 1863, and to Assistant Adjutant-General, 26 February 1863, as for previous note.

  Hooker returns letter: Hooker to Hancock and TFM, 26 February 1863, as for previous note.

  TFM requests leave to go to Congress: TFM to Hooker and Halleck, 4 March 1863, as for previous note.

  The Irish crisis of 1863: Jordan, Donald E., Jr, Land and Popular Politics in Ireland—County Mayo from the Plantation to the Land War, Cambridge, 1994; O’Neill, Tim, ‘The Persistence of Famine in Ireland,’ from Póirtéir, Great Irish Famine, as above.

  TFM’s telegram to Hancock: 20 April 1863, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Chancellorsville campaign in general: McPherson, as above.

  TFM on Chancellorsville: Report, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 25, Part 1, as above.

  Irish Brigade’s part in battle: Lyons, W. F., Cavanagh, Corby, Conyngham, as above.

  TFM’s resignation: TFM to Assistant Adjutant-General, 8 May 1863, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Response from Adjutant-General, War Department: 15 May 1863, as for previous note.

  Mitchel on TFM’s resignation: Richmond Enquirer, 18 May 1863.

  Lincoln’s 3-year enlistees: Richmond Enquirer, 24 April 1863.

  Call for strong Southern measures in North: Richmond Enquirer, 22 June 1863.

  Site of Willy’s fall and burial; Captain Haverty: http://www.thewildgeese.com.

  Minimising meaning of Gettysburg, and warning to Confederates: Richmond Enquirer, 5 August 1863.

  TFM post-resignation: Lyons, W. F., Cavanagh, Athearn, as above.

  TFM asks to withdraw resignation: TFM to Stanton, 13 July 1863, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Draft riots: McKay, Civil War and New York City, as above; Bernstein, Iver, The New York Draft Riots, New York, 1990.

  TFM to O’Beirne: ‘Some Letters,’ as above.

  TFM and Fenian pledge: D’Arcy, as above.

  SOB on Civil War: N, 7 November 1863.

  TFM to Daly on Corcoran’s death: 23 December 1863, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Irish American attacks TFM for pro-Lincoln bias: Irish American, 19 January 1864.

  Hancock to Brady on ‘Irish general’: Athearn, as above.

  John Mitchel junior, including friendship with Rhetts, military career, death: Castles, ‘From Van Diemen’s Land,’ as above; http://www.thewildgeese.com.

  Jenny and her two daughters run the blockade: Dillon, Volume 2, as above.

  John Daniel: His listing in Dictionary of American Biography; Frederick S. Daniel (ed.), The Richmond Examiner During the War, or The Writings of John M. Daniel, New York, 1868.

  John Daniel’s Southern spelling: McCall, as above.

  The one vice of the Confederacy: Richmond Examiner, 19 July 1864.

  The Examiner on Atlanta campaign: Richmond Examiner, 8 November 1864.

  SOB’s last general letter on Ireland: SOB to Archdeacon O’Brien, Limerick Chronicle, 7 January 1864.

  Death of SOB: Freeman’s Journal, 20 June 1864.

  Mourners meeting SOB’s body, Dublin: TL, 24 June 1864.

  Martin mourns O’Brien: N, 9 July 1864.

  Sherman’s view of Meagher: Athearn, Robert G., Sherman and the Settlement of the West, Norman, OK, 1956.

  General Thomas’s orders for TFM: Thomas to Steedman, 16 November 1864, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 45, Part 1.

  TFM in Chattanooga, Christmas 1864, and Steedman’s praise for TFM: Athearn, TFM, Lyons, W. F., as above.

  Grant’s concern TFM’s men might desert, New York: Grant to Halleck, 23 January 1865, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 47, Part 2.

  Halleck to Grant: 25 January 1865, as for previous note.

  TFM too drunk to comprehend orders: Report of Captain Scott, 9 February 1865, Generals Papers and Records, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Dismissing TFM: Grant to Halleck, 14 and 20 February 1865, War of the Rebellion, Series 1, Volume 47, Part 2.

  TFM dismissed: HQ of the Department of North Carolina, Army of the Ohio, Wilmington, NC, 24 February 1865, Special Order No. 13, as for previous note.

  Examiner dissents from Davis’s speech in Confederate Congress: Richmond Examiner, 27 February 1865.

  Is Lee a good Southerner?: Richmond Examiner, 16 February 1865.

  Mitchel, post-war and imprisonment: Dillon, Volume 2, as above; Mitchel, Jail Journal, as above.

  TFM resigns commission: TFM to Adjutant-General, 12 May 1865, Generals Papers and Recor
ds, Secretary of War, Volume IV, M344, National Archives, Washington, DC.

  Acceptance of resignation: Adjutant-General to TFM, 15 May 1865, as for previous note.

  Apparent reversal of resignation: Undated, as for previous note. (In Meagher’s hand.)

  TFM petitions for second star and governorship: Meagher to Major O’Beirne, 20 June 1865, in ‘Some Letters,’ as above.

  TFM to Colonel Browning: Athearn, TFM, as above.

  TFM to his father: No date, Meagher Papers, MS 3227, NLI.

  Fortress Monroe imprisonment: Mitchel, Jail Journal, as above; Dillon, Volume 2, as above; McCall, as above.

  TFM’s journey to Montana: Athearn, TFM, as above.

  Colonel O’Keefe’s journey: Colonel Cornelius O’Keefe, ‘Rides through Montana (Thomas Francis Meagher),’ Harper’s Monthly Magazine, Volume XXVII, October 1867.

  23 GLORIO, GLORIO, TO THE BOLD FENIAN MEN

  Chapter heading: S. L. Anderson to Lord Naas, undated, 1867, Box 4, Fenian Police Reports, 1857–1880, NAI.

  Population and other figures, Ireland: Edwards, as above.

  Kenealy’s family and townland of Glenlara: Griffith’s Valuation List, Parish of Glenlara, Co. Cork, 1855.

  Newmarket area: Duhallow Heritage Project, Newmarket Court (1725–1996), Newmarket, Cork, 1994.

  Kenealy’s background and Fenian career: Kenealy, John, Recollections of the Irish Republican Brotherhood, Written in the Year 1908, privately published, Los Angeles, 1908.

  North Cork in the Famine: O’Connor, as above; Donnelly, James S., Jr, The Land and the People of 19th-Century Cork, London and Boston, MA, 1975.

  Tenant Rights Movement, Sadleir and Joint Stock Bank: Kenealy, Denieffe, as above; Hickey, D. J. and Doherty, J. E., A Dictionary of Irish History, 1800–1980, Dublin, 1980.

  Mitchel catechism: Rutherford, as above.

  Stephens and founding of IRB: Ryan, as above.

  John Devoy on Kenealy: Devoy, John, Devoy’s Post Bag (1871–1928), Volume 1, ed. William O’Brien and Desmond Ryan, Dublin, 1948.

  Landlords evicting in the Fenian era: Davitt, Michael, The Fall of Feudalism in Ireland, New York, 1904.

  Cork Fenians and absolution: Kenealy, as above.

  Fenianism, the Church, the timbre of Cork Fenians, etc: O’Leary, John, Recollections of Fenians and Fenianism, Volumes 1 and 2, Dublin, 1896.

  Founding of Irish People and its contents: O’Leary, as above.

  Kickham and other Irish People personnel: Denieffe, O’Leary, as above; Comerford, R. V., Charles J. Kickham, Portmarnock, 1979.

  Irish People and parish priest of Skibbereen: Irish People, 7 January 1865.

  Priest approves of Irish People: as for previous note.

  Kickham anti-clerical articles: O’Leary, as above.

  Mrs O’Donovan Rossa’s verse: Irish People, 20 May 1865.

  Eva’s verse, and place of women: O’Leary, as above.

  Stephens’s marriage: Denieffe, Ryan, as above.

  Fenian fair and American fund-raising: Ryan, as above.

  Fenian arms notation: Denieffe, as above.

  Mission of Meehan and Dunne to Ireland: Rutherford, Denieffe, as above.

  Loss of table of organisation: Rutherford, Denieffe, Kenealy, as above.

  Table of organisation: Fenian Briefs, 1865–69, Carton 3, Envelope 1, NAI, seems to be the lost document.

  How Kenealy reacts to Dunne’s offer of 30,000 men: Kenealy, as above.

  Loyalist fear of Cawnpore-style uprising: Cork to Dublin Castle, 9 September 1865, Fenian Police Reports, Box 3, NAI.

  Fenian drill, Newburgh Street: Thomas Saunders to Metropolitan Police, 5 September 1865, as for previous note.

  Constable Meagher on Midland railway employees: Meagher to Superintendent, Metropolitan Police, 7 September 1865, as for previous note.

  Mitchelstown report: Mitchelstown, 5 September 1865, as for previous note.

  American in Cork City: Second head constable Patrick Phelan to Constabulary Office, Dublin Castle, 14 September 1865, as for previous note.

  Saint-Nazaire shells: British Consul to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, 21 September 1869, as for previous note.

  Fenianos non esse …: Copied from British Foreign Office to Superintendent, Metropolitan Police, 21 September 1865, as for previous note.

  Nagle report: Nagle to Superintendent, Metropolitan Police, 15 October 1865, Fenian Police Reports, Box 4, NAI.

  Arms proclamation and raid on Heggarty: ILN, 30 September 1865.

  Stephens’s escape: Denieffe, Ryan, as above.

  Republic Bond crisis in USA, emergence of Senate, and General Sweeny: D’Arcy, as above.

  ‘The Finians’: Ward, Artemus, Artemus Ward and the ‘Finians,’ New York, 1866.

  The special commission: Chemney, William G., The Fenian Conspiracy: Report of the Trials of Thomas F. Burke and Others for High Treason and Treason-Felony at the Special Commission, Dublin, Dublin, 1869.

  Seditious manuscript: Fenian Briefs, 1865–69, Carton 3, Envelope 5, NIA.

  O’Leary, Luby, Kickham, Rossa in court: Chemney, as above.

  Trial of Kenealy: Kenealy, as above; Cork Examiner, 2 January 1866.

  Warner’s history: TL, 20 December 1865.

  Kenealy chairs Fenian meetings: Weekly News, 23 December 1865.

  Dowse baiting the informer Nagle: Denieffe, as above.

  Remainder of Kenealy trial: Kenealy, as above; Cork Examiner, 2 January 1866.

  Mountjoy, Pentonville, prison experience: Rossa, Jeremiah O’Donovan, Irish Rebels in English Prisons, New York, 1882.

  John Boyle O’Reilly (hereafter JBOR), childhood and subsequent: Schofield, William G., Seek for a Hero—The Story of John Boyle O’Reilly, New York, 1956; Roche, James Jeffrey, John Boyle O’Reilly: His Life, Poems and Speeches, New York, 1891; Evans, A. G., Fanatic Heart: A Life of John Boyle O’Reilly, 1844–1890, A. G. Evans, Perth, 1997.

  Pagan O’Leary, William Roantree: Denieffe, as above.

  Devoy meets JBOR: Devoy, John, Recollections of an Irish Rebel, Dublin, 1869.

  McCafferty amongst the Irish: D’Arcy, Kee, Bold Fenian Men, London, 1972.

  Arrest and imprisonment of JBOR and others: Roche, Evans, as above; D’Arcy, Kee, as above; Amos, Keith, The Fenians in Australia, 1865–1880, Sydney, 1988.

  Fenian soldiers’ careers: Amos, as above.

  Trial of JBOR, and subsequent imprisonment: Roche, Schofield, Evans, as above.

  24 RE-MAKING MONTANA; VIOLATING CANADA

  Chapter heading: Athearn, TFM, as above.

  Decision to call the legislature: Montana Post, 7 February 1866; Meagher, Thomas Francis, Lectures of Governor Thomas Francis Meagher in Montana, Helena, MT, 1867.

  Edgerton’s failings as governor, and a Democrat view of TFM’s successes: Word, Samuel, A History of the Democratic Party in Montana, in Joaquin Miller, An Illustrated History of the State of Montana, Chicago, 1894.

  TFM informs President and Seward: Athearn, TFM, as above; TFM, Lectures of Governor, as above.

  TFM’s Montana career, relationship with Sanders and others: Rayma, Robert George, Montana: The Land and the People, 3 volumes, Chicago and New York, 1930; Burlingame, Merrill G., The Montana Frontier, Helena, MT, 1842; Malone, Michael P., Roeder, Richard B. and Lang, William J., Montana: A History of Two Centuries, Seattle, WA, 1991; Spence, Clark C., Territorial Politics and Government in Montana, 1864–89, Chicago, 1975; Sanders, Helen Fitzgerald, A History of Montana, Chicago and New York, 1913; Miller, Joaquin, An Illustrated History of the State of Montana, Chicago, 1894; Contributions to the Historical Society of Montana, Vol. VIII, Helena, MT, 1917.

  The legislature meets: Montana Democrat, 8 March 1866.

  Chumasero accusations: Athearn, TFM, as above.

  TFM’s St Patrick’s Day speech: TFM, Lectures of Governor, as above.

  TFM’s problems with judges: Duice, John D. W., The Rocky Mountain Bench: The Territorial Supreme Courts of Colorado, Montana and Wyoming, New
Haven, CT, 1972.

  Meagher to Johnson on long tours: Athearn, TFM, as above.

  Kuppens and TFM: Kuppens, SJ, Father, ‘Memoirs,’ Mid-America, Vol. XIV, No. 2, October 1931.

  TFM’s Irish vision for Montana: Emmons, David N., The Butte Irish—Class and Ethnicity in an American Mining Town, 1875–1925, Chicago, 1990.

  Dimsdale and Vigilantes: Dimsdale, Professor Thomas J., The Vigilantes of Montana, Helena, MT, 1915.

  The non-Vigilante side of the Daniels and other cases: Mather, Robert E. and Boswell, F. E., Hanging the Sheriff, A Biography of Henry Plummer, Salt Lake City, 1987; Mather, Robert E. and Boswell, F. W., Vigilante Victims: Montana’s 1864 Hanging Spree, San Jose, California, 1991; Word, as above.

  Daniels’s petition and TFM’s reaction: TFM’s proclamation, 22 February 1866, Small Collection 1634, Montana Historical Society Archives, Helena, MT.

  Langford statement: Mather and Boswell, Vigilante Victims, as above.

  FB instructions to Mitchel, and enthusiastic reports from Stephens and other Fenians: D’Arcy, as above; Dillon, Volume 2, as above; Mitchel, Jail Journal, as above.

  Hunters’ Lodges: Senior, as above.

  Anti-British feeling in the United States: Beamis, as above.

  Calls for Union to send troops to Canada: Chicago Tribune, 14 December 1864.

  McGee dumped from cabinet, joins Conservatives: Senior, Skelton, as above.

  Campobello: D’Arcy, Senior, Neidhardt, as above.

  Canadians on verge of invasion: New York Daily Tribune, 15 April 1866.

  Fenians disband: New York Daily Tribune, 20 April 1866.

  Canadian invasion, June: Denison, Major George T., Jr, History of the Fenian Raid on Fort Erie, with an account of the Battle of Ridgeway, June 1866, Toronto, 1866; Canada, Department of the Secretary of State, Correspondence Relating to the Fenian Invasion, Ottawa, 1869; Somerville, Alexander, Narrative of the Fenian Invasion of Canada, Hamilton, 1866.

  Sweeny’s Canada plan: Irish American, 3 February 1866.

  Address to the People of British Canada, and Fenian Anthem: Senior, as above.

  O’Neill: D’Arcy, as above; LeCaron, Henri, Twenty-Five Years in the Secret Service: the Recollections of a Spy, London, 1892.

  O’Neill’s campaign: Denison, Somerville, Correspondence, as above; Owen, David, The Year of the Fenians, Buffalo, 1990.

 

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