Dewey Defeats Truman: The 1948 Election and the Battle for America's Soul
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“everyone was talking, yelling”: Ibid.
“All I can say . . . is that”: Ibid.
“I cried and I prayed for”: “Home Town Turns Out for Truman Victory Celebration,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 4, 1948.
“Four more years”: Ibid.
“It’s something like the night”: “Common Man Dazed by Election,” New York Times, November 4, 1948.
“It was the most exhilarating”: Oral History Interview with Harold I. McGrath (transcript), 1970, Oral History Interviews, Truman archives, p. 98.
“It was not my victory”: “Home Town Turns Out for Truman Victory Celebration,” Chicago Daily Tribune, November 4, 1948.
“Can we regard the pictures as”: Dialogue from “Text of Press Conference by Governor Thomas E. Dewey, November 3, 1948, at the Hotel Roosevelt, New York City,” Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Series 2, Box 117.
33. “Dewey Defeats Truman”
“We, and the rest of”: “He Asked for a Miracle and, Lo, He Got It,” Denver Post, November 3, 1948.
“President Truman’s victory in his”: “Truman Aimed at Voters’ Hearts, Dewey at Heads, Roberts Explains,” Boston Daily Globe, November 5, 1948.
“We were wrong, all of”: “Washington Calling: Truman’s Sweep,” Washington Post, November 5, 1948.
“Miracle Man”: Newsweek, November 8, 1948.
“the greatest photograph ever”: “Behind the Picture: ‘Dewey Defeats Truman’ and the Politics of Memory,” Time, May 4, 2014.
“the biggest, most enthusiastic”: McCullough, Truman, p. 723.
WELCOME HOME: James K. Libbey, Dear Alben: Mr. Barkley of Kentucky (Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 2009), p. 98.
“I will never forget that ride”: Margaret Truman, Harry S. Truman, p. 43.
“I’m afraid you’re going”: Robert Klara, The Hidden White House: Harry Truman and the Reconstruction of America’s Most Famous Residence (New York: Thomas Dunne, 2013), p. 72.
“Doesn’t that beat hell!”: Ibid., pp. 72–73.
“We have special cause to be”: Provisional Government of Israel (Weizmann) to Truman, November 5, 1948, Research Files, Recognition of the State of Israel, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/correspondence-between-eliahu-epstein-chaim-weizmann-and-harry-s-truman?documentid=NA&pagenumber=4.
“most aggressive program”: U.S. Department of State, Moscow to Secretary of State, November 13, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 21, Truman archives.
“papers of all political persuasions”: U.S. Department of State, Paris to Secretary of State, November 5, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 22, Truman archives.
“The world looks hopefully to”: U.S. Department of State, Nanking to Secretary of State, November 5, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 22, Truman archives.
“opinion frequently expressed even”: U.S. Department of State, Lisbon to Secretary of State, November 5, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 22, Truman archives.
“I think the future historians”: Alf M. Landon to Thomas E. Dewey, November 19, 1948, Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Series 10, Box 24.
“Aunt Marsh and I want you”: Aunt Marsh and Uncle Peter to Tom and Frances Dewey, November 4, 1948, ibid., Series 10, Box 44.
“I have been like many other”: Thomas W. Pierce to Dorothy Bell Rakoff, November 8, 1948, ibid., Series 10, Box 44.
“It was not an ‘election’ but a ‘revolution’”: Harold L. Ickes to Judge William J. Campbell, November 5, 1948, Campaign Collection, Box 1, Truman archives.
“We should have known he couldn’t”: “Thomas E. Dewey,” Chicago Daily Tribune, March 18, 1971.
“My own opinion”: Joe Martin, My First Fifty Years in Politics (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1960), p. 169.
“the most interesting candidate”: Frank Gannon, “Minnesota’s Boy Wonder Was RN’s Pick for POTUS,” September 2, 2008, Richard Nixon Foundation, https://www.nixonfoundation.org/2008/09/minnesotas-boy-wonder-was-rns-pick-for-potus/.
“The short answer on the election”: Thomas Dewey to Geo. I. Thomas, December 15, 1948, Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Series 10, Box 44.
“The farmers switched in the mid-West”: Thomas Dewey to Joseph Robinson, January 13, 1949, ibid., Series 10, Box 38.
“It had been taken for granted”: “The Farmers Wanted to Know,” Atlanta Constitution, November 8, 1948.
“Labor did it”: Robert H. Ferrell, Harry S. Truman: A Life (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1994), p. 282.
“some light reading on your”: Philleo Nash to Harry Truman, November 6, 1948, 1948 Election Campaign Collection, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/library/research-files/philleo-nash-harry-s-truman.
“the greatest diplomatic crisis”: Robert A. Divine, Foreign Policy and U.S. Presidential Elections, 1940–1948 (New York: New Viewpoints, 1974), p. 266.
“It always galls me to think”: Abels, Out of the Jaws of Victory, p. 139.
“It is almost impossible to put”: “Taft Makes Comment,” New York Times, November 4, 1948.
“The Republican Party is split”: “GOP Is Split ‘Wide Open,’ Dewey Says,” Washington Post, February 9, 1949.
“Which voters stayed home?”: “Gallup Sees Close Election A ‘Nightmare,’” Washington Post, November 4, 1948.
“I could not have been more”: “Election Prophets Ponder in Dismay,” New York Times, November 4, 1948.
“It’s open season on the pollsters”: Broadcast of Edward R. Murrow, November 5, 1948, in In Search of Light: The Broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow, 1938–1961, edited by Edward Bliss Jr. (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1967), p. 138.
“You’ve got to give the little man”: Arthur H. Vandenberg Jr., ed., The Private Papers of Senator Vandenberg (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1952), p. 460.
Epilogue
“I whole-heartedly agree with”: Thomas E. Dewey to Harry S. Truman, June 27, 1950, Thomas E. Dewey Papers, Series 10, Box 44.
“heart-felt gratification that no harm”: Thomas E. Dewey to Harry S. Truman, November 1, 1950, ibid., Series 10, Box 44.
“I deliberately decided that I was”: “Hotel Confab Picks Dewey’s Veep,” Salt Lake City Tribune, April 6, 1952.
“Today, I am convinced that”: “World Domination Now Russia’s Aim, Says Henry Wallace,” Boston Daily Globe, December 4, 1950.
“utterly evil”: “Where I Was Wrong,” Los Angeles Times, September 7, 1952.
“How could you have said”: Dialogue from Essie Mae Washington-Williams, with William Stadiem, Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond (New York: Regan Books, 2005), p. 145.
“the largest crowd ever assembled”: “The President’s Party,” undated, President’s Permanent File, Box 4, Truman archives.
“urgent appeal”: Chaim Weizmann (via Myra Phillips, the White House) to Clark Clifford, November 9, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 14, Truman archives.
“the communist forces in central”: V. K. Wellington Koo, Chinese Embassy, Washington, to the President of the United States, November 9, 1948, Clark Clifford papers, Box 2, Truman archives.
“Don’t you wave to the S.O.B.”: Joseph Crespino, Strom Thurmond’s America (New York: Hill and Wang, 2012), p. 83.
“enable every American to”: “Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union,” January 5, 1949, Sound Recordings, Truman archives, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/soundrecording-records/sr62-62-annual-message-congress-state-union-president-truman.
“He [the president] . . . is”: Murrow, In Search of Light, p. 137.
Index
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Abt, John
background/communism and, 87
HUAC and, 199, 205
Marion (sister), 87
Wallace/presidential campaign and, 87, 93, 199, 205, 241, 242, 334
Acheson, Dean, 34–35, 60, 61, 62
Agg, T. R., Mrs.
, 231
Aiken, Conrad, 296
Air Force and reorganization, 75
Albright, Robert, 235, 261
Alexander, Perry, 182
Allen, George, 92
Allis, Barney, 331
Allwright, Smith v. (1944), 192, 220
Allwright, S. S., 192
Alsop, Joseph, 237, 277
Alsop, Joseph/Stewart, 51, 58, 86, 143, 235, 246, 275, 337
American Anti-Communist Association, 79
American Medical Association, 16
Amsterdam News, 309, 310
Arab-Israeli War (1948), 109, 210, 288, 353
Arvey, Jacob (“Jake”), 142, 332
Asapansa-Johnson, C., 310
Associated Press, 41, 163, 216, 235, 307
Atlanta Constitution, 42, 180, 221, 246, 315, 336
atomic weapons/bombs
Bikini Atoll test, 35–36
description/future bombs and, 14
detecting use (US) and, 154, 155–56n
Lilienthal on, 154
Operation Sandstone, 121, 154
responsibility discussions, 154, 211, 223
significance of, 5, 33
Soviet using, 154, 154–55n
US bombings of Hiroshima/Nagasaki, 5, 14, 15, 34
as US secret/sharing with Soviets and, 13–15
White House lunch/watching test, 34–35
Auschwitz, 5–6
Austin, Warren, 106
Ayers, Eben, 12, 105, 146, 277, 324
B
Bacall, Lauren, 210, 251
Balance, Elayne, 215
Baldwin, Calvin Benham (“Beanie”)
background/description, 88
Wallace/presidential campaign and, 88, 118, 164, 206, 207, 241, 242
Ball, Joseph H., 283
Barkley, Alben
at Democratic National Convention, 144, 146, 148
vacation and, 353
as VP candidate/election and, 144, 146, 224, 343, 354
Barrows, Roberta, 12, 323
Baruch, Bernard, 24, 64
Batt, William (“Bill”), 176–77, 213, 226, 266
Begin, Menachem, 21–22
Behrens, Earl, 184
Belgrano, F. N., 113
Bell, David C., 148
Bell, Elliott, 182
Bell, Jack, 216, 235, 248, 307
Bentley, Elizabeth, 197–99
Berger, Meyer, 339
Berlin. See Germany, Berlin
Bernadotte, Folke/Plan, 210, 288, 301
Biffle, Leslie, 211–12
bikini bathing suit, 170
Blaine, Anita McCormick, 165
Blair House, 343
Bloch, Charles J., 147
Bogart, Humphrey, 55, 210
Bohlen, Charles, 64
Boring, Floyd, 227–28, 228n
Boston Daily Globe, 263, 297, 298
Bowles, Chester, 289
Boyle, Bill, 332
Boyle, Hal, 165
Bradley, Omar, 104, 155
Brandt, Raymond P., 307
Bray, William, 225
Bricker, John W., 329
Bridges, Styles, 180
Brigham, Helen, 283
Britain postwar, 59–60
British Mandate for Palestine, 22, 76, 105, 107, 108–9
Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, 17
Brownell, Herbert, Jr.
Dewey and, 49, 57, 58, 79–80, 82, 111, 112, 113, 115, 182, 186, 234, 326, 327, 330
Republican National Committee/rebuilding party and, 57, 58, 80
Republican National Convention/Dewey and, 133, 136, 137
on Truman, 58
Brown, Thomas W., 194
Broyhill, J. E., 271
Buchalter, Louis “Lepke,” 54
Buchanan, Thomas, 172
Buchenwald, 5–6, 191–92
Burdick, Grace, 283
Burke, Joseph, Mr./Mrs., 322
Burton, John, 282
Business Week, 171
Butler, Carrie, 119
Byrd, Harry, 73
Byrnes, James, 37, 38–39
C
Canham, Erwin, 143
Capote, Truman, 297
Carr, Albert, 254
Carroll, James J., 258
Carter, Jimmy, 352
Carter, John Franklin, 296, 312, 314
Carter, Oliver J., 251, 252
Central Intelligence Agency creation, 75
Chambers, Whittaker
background, 87, 199
as former communist/spy, 87, 199
Hiss/family and, 199, 203, 204
HUAC/naming names, 199, 203, 222
Chaplin, Charlie, 120
Chapman, Oscar, 125, 171, 226, 229, 296
Charleston News and Courier, 238
Chiang Kai-shek, 344, 353
Chicago Daily News, 119, 331
Chicago Daily Tribune, 125, 134, 204, 293, 294, 337, 342
Chicago Sun, 42
Chicago Times, 313, 323
Childs, Marquis, 31, 148, 226, 341
China and communism, 155
Christian Science Monitor, 48, 143
Chrysler, Walter, 273
Churchill, Winston
Dewey and, 112, 181
“Iron Curtain” speech, 35
losing power (1945), 7
Potsdam Conference and, 7
Wallace and, 69–70
civil rights
DNC platform and, 178
federal employment and, 179
McGrath and, 101–2
military desegregation, 178–80
southern white Democrats reaction/revolt and, 72, 73, 100–102, 147–48, 149–50, 179–80
State of the Union (1948) and, 99, 195
Truman and, 72–73, 99, 100, 195, 286, 305, 308–11, 347
Truman speech/Harlem, 308–11
Civil Rights Act (1964), 352
Civil War (US), 28, 179, 188–89
Clark, Tom, 15, 20, 68, 171, 255
Clay, Lucius, 102–3, 104–5, 141, 155
Clayton, Earle S., 271
Cleveland, Grover, 47
Clifford, Clark
background/description, 77, 174
election day/night and, 325
exhaustion/skin rash and tour, 247, 258
Jewish homeland/Palestine and, 23, 77, 105, 106–8, 109, 289, 290–91
Truman and, 23, 41, 59, 61, 75, 77, 95, 105, 106–8, 109, 126, 173, 174, 177, 178, 213, 214, 224, 226, 227, 247, 267, 270–71, 296, 299, 300, 336
wife, 325
See also “Politics of 1948, The” memo (Rowe)
Clifford-Elsey Report, 61
Cold War
beginnings, 25
Dewey on, 83, 296
“Iron Curtain” speech, 35
military action fears (1948), 105
naming, 64
Truman speech on (1948), 104
in US following Hiss indictment, 353
Wallace and, 86, 91, 93
Washington elite and, 86
See also Germany/Berlin
comic book as Truman biography, 278
Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), 232–33, 346
communism
arrests/Communist Party USA members, 162, 198
China and, 155
Isacson/passport and, 120
“loyalty” board creation, 74–75
National Security Council memo on, 203–4
postwar expansion fears, 59–66
spy scandal, Canada and, 75
See also HUAC hearings; Red Scare; specific countries; specific groups/individuals
Communist Party USA
arrests of leaders and, 162, 198
HUAC hearings and, 198
Wallace group connections, 87, 88
See also specific individuals
Congress. See Eightieth Congress
Connally, Tom, 74, 268–69
Connelly, Matthew, 12, 171, 216, 254
Coolidge, Calvin, 52, 80, 89, 145, 322
C
rosby, Bing, 210
Crouch, Jean, 188
Currie, Lauchlin, 198, 200
D
Daily Express, 316
Daniel, Clifton, 316
Daniels, Jonathan, 255, 269
Darwin, 170
Dawson, Donald, 254–55, 302
Dear Senator: A Memoir by the Daughter of Strom Thurmond (Washington-Williams), 352
De Gasperi, Alcide, 112
Democratic National Committee (1948 campaign), 175–77, 178
Democratic National Convention (1944/Chicago), 36
Democratic National Convention (1948)
Liberty Bell/pigeons and, 150–51
mood/conditions, 143, 146
southern Democrats protests and, 147–48, 149–50
television and, 143, 146, 148
Truman acceptance speech, 148–50, 177
Democratic Record (radio show), 278
Dennis, Eugene, 88, 162, 198
Dennison, Robert, 126
Denver Post, 341
Department of Defense reorganization, 75
Depression, 8–9, 11, 52, 53–54, 169, 191, 232
de Rochemont, Louis, 185
Detroit News, 162
“Dewey Defeats Truman” headline, 337, 342
Dewey, Frances
home (late 1920s/early 1930s), 52
husband’s presidential campaign and, 183, 234, 238, 283, 293, 318, 333