and Washington’s legacy, 416
and Washington’s second term, 375
Unites States Department of State, 346, 365
Unites States House of Representatives, 300–301, 310, 334, 358, 384, 385
Unites States Marshals Service, 370
Unites States Senate, 300, 313, 321–23, 324–25, 339, 344, 347, 377–79
Unites States Supreme Court, 326, 364, 370, 380, 412–13
Valley Forge
and African American soldiers, 403
and “Committee in Camp,” 242–47, 344
logistics and supply challenges, 223–25, 225–29, 227
Martha Washington’s arrival at, 235
and military training, 248–52
and scope of Washington’s accomplishments, 11, 215
and Steuben’s military training, 248–52, 257, 489n10
war council at, 251–55
Washington’s return to, 302
and winter weather, 240–41
Van Braam, Jacob, 33, 46
Vandalia colony, 163
Vindication (Randolph), 382–83
Virginia
and antislavery sentiment, 403
and Compromise of 1790, 338, 343–44
ethnicities of settlers, 13, 23, 98, 164, 431n16
and Lord Fairfax’s land holdings, 428n5
and onset of Revolution, 198
and postwar economic challenges, 290
and ratification of the Constitution, 305–9
and regional dynamics of constitutional governance, 322
and residence-of-the-government debate, 330
and slavery issue, 404–5
and Washington’s appointment to army command, 205–6
and Washington’s second term, 359
and waterway improvement projects, 286, 287–88
Virginia Assembly, 144, 164, 403
Virginia Convention, 184–85. See also House of Burgesses (Virginia)
Virginia Gazette, 79–80, 146, 162, 265, 402–3
Virginia Plan, 298, 299
Virginia Regiment
and Battle of Monongahela, 5
British colleagues of Washington, 193
and corruption charges against Stephen, 141
and electoral politics, 135–36
morale and attrition problems, 84–85, 89, 131
and Potomac navigation project, 286
relationship with British military, 8
reorganization of, 50–51, 67–68
and soldier pay and pensions, 134–35
and Stephen’s military career, 481n17
surgeon of, 122
and Washington’s career trajectory, 9, 11, 64, 69–71, 102–4, 113–14, 116–17, 152, 154, 179, 184, 211, 415
and Washington’s illnesses, 3–4
Wadsworth, Jeremiah, 246
Ward, Artemas, 204, 207–8, 210
Ward, Samuel, 187–88, 190, 192
war debts
and British taxes on colonies, 141
and currency disputes, 139–40
and end of Seven Years’ War, 137–38
and French ship seizures, 518n7
and postwar economic challenges, 289–90
and soldier pay and pensions, 488n35
and Stamp Act, 151
and Washington’s first term, 329
See also assumption-of-debt debate
Washington, Anne Fairfax, xix, 18, 20, 23, 25, 51, 108, 429n7
Washington, Augustine (Gus), xix, 5, 13–19, 110, 492n4
Washington, Augustine (Austin), Jr.
biographical sketch of, xix
death, 137, 492n4
education, 427n16
gambling, 25
and indentured servants, 465n13
and land acquisitions, 24
and Lawrence Washington’s estate, 32
political career, 8, 51, 71
Washington’s correspondence with, 79–80, 443n42
and Washington’s education, 428n1
and Washington’s estate management, 196
and Washington’s family background, 13–14, 17
and Washington’s military career, 64–65
Washington, Bushrod, xix–xx, 284, 294, 308, 412–14, 532n7
Washington, Charles
biographical sketch of, xx
death, 397
forbidden from military service, 80
and resettlement of Mary Washington, 158
and Washington’s family background, 16
and Washington’s land acquisitions, 468n15
and Washington’s retirement from presidency, 394
and the Washingtons’ social life, 121
Washington, Ferdinand, 493n4
Washington, Frances (Fanny) Bassett (Lear), xx, 295
Washington, George
aging and declining abilities, 357, 516n2
ambition, 5, 10, 92, 153, 164–65, 452n13
annual messages to Congress, 348, 366, 369, 373, 383, 393, 519n12
birth and birthday celebrations, 14, 384
courtship and marriage, 89–92, 105, 108, 110
criticisms of, 215, 388, 481n17, 482n1, 505n34
death, 9, 410–13, 531n1
dental problems, 22–23, 173, 273–74, 283, 295, 321, 346, 373, 393
descendants of siblings, 517n4
education, 18–19, 428n1, 464n6
family background, 5–9, 13–17
Farewell Address, 389–90, 391–93, 416
finances, 51, 53, 124, 137–38, 312, 345
health problems, 3–4, 6–8, 31–32, 58–59, 136–37, 314, 324, 344, 531n1
hearing problems, 321
heroism, 11–12
horsemanship, 15, 427n13
and importance of Fairfax connections, 5–6, 8, 16, 18–24, 26, 32–33, 38, 53, 83, 92, 98, 108, 429n7
inaugural addresses, 314–15, 357, 366, 506n53
Indian honorific, 435n12
and land surveying, 21–22, 24–26, 29–33, 51, 162–63
management of estates, 125–28, 225, 244, 289, 309–10, 326, 366
marriage, 7–9, 89–92, 105, 108, 110 (see also Washington, Martha Dandridge)
physical fitness and appearance of, 21–23, 25, 189–90, 373, 445n28, 527n3
popularity, 327, 352–53 (see also mythical status of Washington)
presidential tour of the country, 327–28, 351–52, 416
religious engagement, 149–50, 464n5, 533n8
resignation from command, 275–78
sketch of, 389
and slavery issue, 124, 282, 393, 400–402, 406–7, 457n27, 458n14, 532n8
sponsorship of schooling, 498n35
work ethic, 10, 125, 374, 398
See also specific topics throughout index
Washington, George Augustine, xx, 281, 295–96, 357–58
Washington, George Steptoe, 493n4
Washington, Harriott, 493n4
Washington, John (great-grandfather), 435n12
Washington, John (Jack) Augustine
biographical sketch of, xx
death of, 294
and electoral campaigns, 136
and importance of Fairfax connections, 20, 108
and land acquisitions, 161
marriage, 80
son (see Washington, Bushrod)
and Washington family dynamics, 120
Washington’s correspondence with, 43, 53, 58, 196–97, 207, 267, 294
and Washington’s family background, 16
and Washington’s political ambitions, 71–72
Washington, Lawrence
biographical
sketch of, xx
and Cartagena expedition, 16–17, 37
conflict with Anglican minister, 429n7
convalescence in Bermuda, 29–30
death and estate of, 23–28, 32, 51, 86, 122–23, 124, 137, 178, 281, 434n20, 456n3, 492n4
and importance of Fairfax connections, 5–6, 20–21, 108
and land surveying, 22, 24, 431n12
marriage, 18
and Mount Vernon expansion, 119
and Ohio Company, 30
political career of, 8
slaves held by, 425n4, 433n20
and Washington’s family background, 13–14
and Washington’s formative years, 5, 16–17, 20–21, 110
and Washington’s political ambitions, 71–72, 92
and the Washingtons’ social life, 174
Washington, Lawrence Augustine, 493n4
Washington, Lund, xx, 128, 154, 161, 178, 404, 408, 459n31
Washington, Martha Dandridge, 414
and children’s upbringing, 122–23
contrasted with Mary Washington, 114
courtship and marriage, 7, 89–92, 105, 108, 110
and daughter’s illness, 158, 170, 176–77
and first constitutional government, 328
gifts from Washington, 304
holiday travels, 128
and management challenges at Mount Vernon, 90, 120, 358
Peale portrait of, 173, 177
and Philadelphia presidential mansion, 345
and Philadelphia yellow fever epidemic, 365
properties and estate of, 114–15, 124, 134, 406
relationship with Mary Washington, 121
“six-chimney house,” 115, 459n1
and slavery issue, 408–9
and son’s death, 268
and son’s engagement, 175, 178
and theater outings, 385
at Valley Forge, 235
and Washington family dynamics, 120, 121
and Washington’s appointment to army command, 207, 210
and Washington’s death, 410–12, 412–13
and Washington’s election, 312
and Washington’s illness, 335
and Washington’s presidential style, 321
and Washington’s public service ethic, 295–96
and Washington’s relationship with Sally Fairfax, 105–8
and the Washingtons’ social life, 121, 154–55, 155–56, 281–83
Washington, Mary Ball
biographical sketch of, xx–xxi
contrasted with Martha Washington, 114
death and estate, 327, 404
and education, 18, 19, 428n6
and financial stresses, 296
Fredericksburg home, 158–59, 185
illness, 295–96, 311
management of Ferry Farm, 24, 33
and marriage of Jack Washington, 178
opposition to military service, 20–21, 80, 110, 429n9
and slave holdings, 128
and wartime anxieties, 281–82
and Washington family dynamics, 120–21, 196, 294, 456n10
and Washington’s family background, 13–15, 17
and Washington’s marriage, 90–91
and Washington’s military service, 67–68
and Washington’s move to Mount Vernon, 51
Washington’s wartime correspondence with, 443n42
Washington, Samuel, xxi, 16, 492n4
Wayne, Anthony, 224, 259, 262–64, 360, 367, 371–72, 481n17
Welch, James, 528n17
West, John, 149, 152, 196–97
West Indies, 184, 522n7
Wheatley, Phillis, 403
Whiskey Rebellion, 346–47, 360, 368–73, 380, 382, 388, 391, 399
White, Alexander, 344
White, William, 525n1
Widow Washington, The (Saxton), 428n1
Wilkinson, James, 231–32
Williamsburg, Virginia, 29, 36, 115–16, 133, 144, 430n3
Wilson, James, 202, 370
Wolcott, Oliver, 374, 380–81, 523n25
Wythe, George, 297
Xenophon, 155, 427n13
XYZ Affair, 398–400
Yates, Robert, 502n25
Yeates, Jasper, 371
yellow fever, 365, 369
Young, Arthur, 407
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
About the Author
David O. Stewart turned to writing after a career practicing law in Washington, DC, defending accused criminals and challenging government actions as unconstitutional. He is a national-bestselling and award-winning author of four previous books on American history and three historical mysteries. He was the founding president of the Washington Independent Review of Books.
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