The Fourth Dimension of a Poem
Page 24
as what love wants and has not, 166–67
see also contemplation model
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 187
Bell, Clive, 184–86, 187
Bentham, Jeremy, 54, 220
Berkeley, Bishop, 78–79
Bildungsgeschichte (history of education), 202
Bildungsreise (educational journey), 205
“Bird Came Down the Walk, A” (Dickinson), 10–12
utterance of, 10–11
Black, Max, 107, 111, 125
Blake, William, xi, 11, 42, 133, 144–45, 204, 219
Bloom, Harold, 106
Boswell, James, 78
bourgeois society, 67
Bromwich, David, xi–xii, 213–27
Brooks, Cleanth, 108
Bunyan, John, 201
Burke, Edmund, 184, 216–17, 222, 224
Bush, Douglas Vincent, 30, 41–42
Byron, George Gordon, Lord, 79, 202
Cain, 195, 201
Cambridge University, 164
capitalism, 55
authorship under, 67, 68
caritas, 169–71, 172, 174
Carlyle, Thomas, xi, 204–5
Carroll, Lewis, 24
causality, 98
certainty:
lack of in humanities, 95–96, 97, 100, 101, 103
as language game, 98, 126, 129
of logic and science, 95, 96, 98, 99, 100, 103
chain of reasons, 71
character, 217
Characteristics (Earl of Shaftesbury), 157, 158, 164–66, 171–73
characterization, 102
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 80
chemistry, 38–39
chiliasm, 177
chivalric romances, 201
Christianity, 183, 184, 187
emanation and return in, 199
Platonized, 187
Cicero, 190n
city, 197
City of God, The (Augustine), 169
classical literary theory, x
cognitive, 65
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, x, 54, 102, 132, 141–43
Hazlitt as critic vs., 215–16
Hazlitt’s stormy relationship with, 214, 220–21
as hopeful of French Revolution, 219
on humanization of nature, 136
joy described by, 144
mechanistic worldview denounced by, 134–237
Newton admired by, 133–34
on observer internalizing the external, 137
“one life” used by, 131
“The Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” 141–43, 202
“A Slumber” interpreted by, 113
Collins, William, xi, 42–44, 45–46, 48–49, 51n
communication, 75–76
Confessions (Augustine), 169
Confessions (Rousseau), 80–81
Confessions from the Heart of an Art-Loving Friar (Wackenroder), 178
connoisseurship, 163, 165
consciousness, 61, 134
consensus gentium, 104
Constant, Benjamin, 193n
constative, 65
construction model, 154–55, 162
consumerism, 56
contemplation model, 153–54, 160, 162–63, 166, 173, 175, 176–77, 179–80, 186–87, 188, 189n
contemplator, 159
contextual critics, 152
conversions, 77–78, 91n
core curriculums, 56
Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 221
Cornell University, ix
Correspondent Breeze, The: Essays on English Romanticism (Abrams), xi
Corson, Hiram, 3
Cousin, Victor, 180–82, 182
Crane, Hart, xxi
Critique of Aesthetic Judgment (Kant), 158–63, 174, 177, 178, 181, 189n, 193n
critiquing, 54
“Critiquing Critical Theory” (symposium), 53
Culler, Jonathan, 59
cummings, e. e., 3
“Cynara” (Dowson), 18–22
meter of, 18–19
Danaë, 16
dance, 189n
Dante Alighieri, 200–201, 211
Davies, Hugh Sykes, 108–24, 129
death, 64
and alienation from nature, 135, 150
deconstruction, 53
alogical thread sought by, 81–82
attacks on, 85
double life and, 83–84, 86
Johnson on value of reading by, 74
Johnson’s definition of, 65
prosopopeia in, 62–63
as something text does to itself, 62–63, 86, 89n
theory privileged over reality by, 76
as unable to replace logocentrism, 86
deductive logic, 97
deductive truths, 97
Defense of Poetry, A (Shelley), 132
de Guyon, Madam, 175
de Man, Paul:
on death in “A Slumber,” 124
on infinite signification, 107
intention in work denied by, 88n
on language considered of and in itself, 57
personification of text by, 62
subjectivity reduced in, 80–81
on violence of writing, 64–65
De Quincey, Thomas, xii, 225, 227
Derrida, Jacques, 32
Austin critiqued by, 75
on deconstruction as deconstructing itself, 63
fictionality denounced by, 80
Foucault vs., 82
on impossibility of interpreting correctly, 107
on intention of presumed intention, 64
language conditioning investigated by, 73
on limits and achievements of structuralism, 72–74
on play, 62
Searle vs., 60, 75
on semantic communication, 59
on stability, 83–84
on subject as center, 58
total absence of subject and object seen as necessary by, 60–61
on truth, 83, 90n
ultrastructuralism criticized by, 73–74
on violence of language, 64
Descartes, René, 70, 133, 135
design, 66
d’Holbach, Baron, 78, 134
Dichtung und Wahreit (Goethe), 134
Dickinson, Emily, 10–12
différance, 58, 59, 62
Dilke, Charles Wentworth, 34
Diotima, 166
discourse-as-such, 57
disinterestedness, 160, 164, 172, 173, 218
distillation, 39
Divine Comedy, The (Dante Alighieri), 200–201, 211
dogmatism, 100–101
Donato, Eugenio, 55
Don Juan (Byron), 79
Dowson, Ernest, 18–22
dualism, 134, 136
dulce, 67–68, 156
Eastern Church, 168
ecology, 131, 150
écriture, 32, 58
Eden, 197, 208
Education of the Human Race, The (Lessing), 202–3
effect, 58
ego, 135
Egypt, exodus from, 207
elegies, 146–47
Eliot, T. S., 3, 210–11, 222
eloquence, as fine art, 161, 189n
emanation and return, 198–99
embarrassment, 35
empirical truths, 97
deduced from quasi-geometric
principles, 158
empiricism, 220
Locke’s philosophy of perception and, 157
“Empty Mansion, An” (hymn), 27
End of Education, The: Toward Posthumanism (Spanos), 56
Endymion (Keats), 35–36, 38, 39
energy, 217
Enlightenment, 133, 203
Enneads (Plotinus), 167–68
ens pefectissimum, 188
environment, 131
“Eolian Harp, The” (Coleridge), 131
eros, 174, 187
“Essay on the Unification of All the Fine Arts and Sciences of the Arts under the Concept of the Complete-in-Itself” (Moritz), 174–76
essences, 38, 39, 166–67
ethereal, 38
Eudemean Ethics (Aristotle), 190n
evaporation, 39, 51n
“Eve of St. Agnes, The” (Keats), 33–34, 35
Excursion, The (Wordsworth), 133
excuses, 80–81
experimental metafiction, 91n
explanations, 66
expression, 217
Faerie Queene (Spenser), 201
fall, 203
falsity, 83
fanaticism, 101
Faust (Goethe), 53, 204
feminism, poststructural, 77
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 205–6, 207
fictionality, 80
“Fight, The” (Hazlitt), 226
fine arts:
contemplation model of, 153–54, 160, 162–63, 175, 176–77, 179–80, 186–87, 189n
creation of term, 151, 153, 156, 161, 162, 189n
Kant’s list of, 161
as self-sufficient, 173–74
ulterior ends and, 161
useful arts vs., 173, 174
Fish, Stanley, 60, 106–7
Flaubert, Gustave, 183
“Force and Signification” (Derrida), 72–74
“force that through the green fuse, The” (Thomas), 148–49
form, 184–85, 191n
formalists, 187
formality, 13
formal logic, 95, 96, 97, 98
“Formative Imitation of the Beautiful” (Moritz), 192n
Forms, 194n
Foucault, Michel:
author pronounced dead by, 65–67
author seen as crossroad by, 58
Derrida vs., 82
humanism denounced by, 55
on human sciences, 73
on ownership of texts, 68
power personified by, 63, 76, 81
structural model of semiology denounced by, 64
subjectivity seen as function of subject-positions by, 81
on violence of discourse, 63–64
Four Quartets (Eliot), 210–11
Four Zoas (Blake), 144–45
free verse, 26
French Revolution, 96, 99, 219, 223, 224
Freud, Sigmund, 220
Freudian criticism, 103
Friend, 134–35, 143
friendship, 190n
Frost, Robert, 3, 31
fruition, 172
Frye, Northrop, 87
function, 58
functional principle of author, 66
Gammer Gurton’s Needle, 104–5
Garden of Eden, 197, 208
Gautier, Théophile, 182
genius, 217
geometry, 158
georgic poems, 45
Gilbert, Roger, 27
Gilpin, William, 133
God, 167, 175
as beauty, 168–70, 182
form and, 185
love of, 187
reverence to, 131
self-sufficiency of, 170, 181
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 53, 176, 204
d’Holbach denounced by, 78, 134
theory of fine arts disliked by, 189n
Gone With the Wind (Mitchell), 20
good:
as beauty, 164–65, 166–67
contemplation of, 167
Idea of, 167
gradations, 39–40
grammatical, 65
Grammatology (Derrida), 61, 85, 88n–91n
Greece, 156
green earth, 130
Gregory of Nyssa, 168
grief, 13
guilt, 80–81, 91n
gusto, 217
Guy’s hospital, 39
Habermas, Jürgen, 83
Hagar, 195
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 96, 99, 104–5
happiness, 41
“Harlot’s House, The” (Wilde), 20
harmony, 165
hatred, 224
Haydon, Benjamin, 214
Hazlitt, William, x, xi–xiii, 213–27
Coleridge’s criticism vs., 215–16
as influenced by French Revolution, 219, 223, 224
“power” as used by, 217, 219–25
stormy relationship with Wordsworth and Coleridge, 214–15, 220–21
vague vocabulary used by, 217
Hazlitt: The Mind of the Critic (Bromwich), xi–xii
Hebrew Bible, 168, 195–96
Hebrews, Epistle to, 196
Hegel, George Wilhelm Friedrich, xi, 162
alienation in philosophy of, 135, 141, 144
metaphysics as journey in, 208–10
Heidegger, Martin, 55
language personified by, 63
Heilsgeschichte (salvation history), 202
Heinrich von Ofterdingen (Hölderlin), 204
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 173
Hillel, x
Himmelfarb, Gertrude, 95, 99
Hirsch, E. D., 108
historical unconscious, 82
history, 63
history of education, 202
Hobbes, Thomas, 164, 171, 217
Hölderlin, Friedrich, 145–46, 204, 207
Home at Grasmere (Wordsworth), 141, 208
Homer, 67, 198, 199, 206, 218
Hopkins, Gerard Manley, 4, 6, 34
Horace, 18, 67–69, 87, 89n, 155, 156
Housman, A. E., 24
Hulme, T. E., 153
humanism, 53–92, 93–94
as always incomplete in search for truth, 99
as built in to Western thought, 86
Foucault’s denunciation of, 55
literature seen as intermediary by, 57
pluralism in, 99
poststructuralism vs., 72–74, 77
scientism as danger to, 98
skepticism and relativism as threats to, 94, 95–97, 98–99, 100–101, 125
theory worlds vs., 69–77, 79, 81–87
humanities:
conceptual scheme of, 93–94
lack of certainty in, 95–96, 97, 100, 101, 103
objectification of, 98
rationality in, 97, 100
teaching by examples in, 100
human rights, 56
Hume, David, 70, 85–86, 90n
Hunt, Leigh, xii, 215
Hutton, James, 155
Hymnen an die Nacht (Novalis), 204
hymns, 42
Hyperion (Hölderlin), 145–46, 204
ideal, 207
idealism, 38, 72
Johnson’s refutation of, 78–79
ideology, 63, 76–77
idiolect, 112, 123
Iliad (Homer), 198
imagination, x, 217
poetry as expression of, 132
imitation, 69
imperialism, 56
impression, 216
individualism, 67
industrial revolution, 132–33
industrial society, 67
infinite, 207
inhumanism, postscientific, 78
initiative, 78
integration, 141–45
in “Reflective,” 149–50
intensity, 51n
intentionality, 62, 82, 161
intention-effect, 60
intentions, 60, 64, 88n, 94
authorial, 102
in “A Slumber,” 112–16
interpretations:
proving, 106–29
recalcitrancies in, 121–23
interpretive community, 60
interps, 95
intertextual significations, 59
intratextual significations, 59
Isaac, 196
Ishmael, 195
Italy, 181–82
iterability, 75, 86
Jacob, 196
James, William, 168–69
Jerusalem, 200, 204
John, Gospel of, 27, 197
Johnson, Barbara:
deconstructive criticism defined by, 65
on de Man’s personification of text, 62
on text as performative, 59
on value of deconstructive readings, 74
Johnson, Samuel, xii, 102
journey of life, 195–212
joy, 137, 144, 145, 149, 186
Joyce, James, 175
judgment, 104–5
disinterestedness in, 160, 164
judgment of taste, 159
justice, 96, 99
Kant, Immanuel, 182, 186
Cousin influenced by, 181, 182
Critique of Aesthetic Judgment, 158–63, 174, 177, 178, 181, 189n, 193n
Keats, John, 30–52, 95, 224
“Adonais” on death of, 146–47
chemistry studied by, 38–39
considered poet of sensation vs. thought, 41
Hazlitt on, 218
on humanness of literary characters, 79
meanings in poetry of, 30–31
sense experience and, 51n
sound of, 31, 31–37
“Keats and His Ideas” (Bush), 30
King Lear (Shakespeare), 79, 187
Kinnaird, Douglas, 79
knowledge:
Plato’s theory of, 194n
power and, 76
lalling, 5
Lamb, Charles, xii, 215, 225, 227
Lamb of God, 197–98
landscape gardening, 161
language:
in narratives, 59, 79
personification of, 63
physical component of, 1–2
language (continued)
stability of, 83–84
successful communication with, 75–76
use and products of, 56–57
violence of, 64